History | |
---|---|
Great Britain | |
Name | Dolphin |
Acquired | Hired 30 March 1793 [1] |
Fate | Sold 3 June 1801 [1] |
United Kingdom | |
Name | HMS Dolphin |
Acquired | By purchase 3 June 1801 |
Fate | Sold 1802 |
General characteristics [2] | |
Type | Cutter |
Tons burthen | 92 12⁄94 (bm) |
Length |
|
Beam | 20 ft 0+1⁄2 in (6.1 m) |
Depth of hold | 8 ft 6 in (2.6 m) |
Sail plan | Cutter |
Complement | 35 |
Armament | As hired vessel: 8 x 3-pounder guns + 4 12-pounder carronades [1] As naval vessel: 6 x 3-pounder guns + 4 x 12-pounder carronades |
HMS Dolphin was 10-gun cutter that served the Royal Navy from 1793 to 1802, first as a hired armed cutter, and then after the Navy purchased her, as HMS Dolphin. During her almost decade of service Dolphin patrolled the English Channel protecting British trade by capturing French privateers and recapturing their prizes.
On 30 March 1793, the Royal Navy hired the Dolphin cutter. However, one month later, on 30 April 1793, the Dolphin cutter, Richard Norwood, master, of 92 tons (bm), six 3-pounder guns, four cohorns, and 35 men, received a letter of marque. [3] The relationship between these two vessels, if any, is an open question.
The hired armed cutters Dolphin and Charlotte recaptured the Mary on 25 May 1796. [4]
On 24 February 1797, Sir John Colleton, Bart, commanding the hired armed cutter Swift , captured and sent into Dover the French privateer schooner Aventurier. [lower-alpha 1] The capture took place about four leagues NE of the South Foreland. Aventurier, of 40 tons (bm), had a crew of 11 men, armed with cutlasses and pistols. She had left Fécamp four days earlier but had captured nothing. [6]
Dolphin had earlier boarded the cutter off Dungeness, but had let her pass. Sir John had initially done the same, believing her to be an American vessel sailing to London in ballast. However, after he left her, she changed her course and headed towards France. Sir John set out after the schooner, caught up with her, and boarded her a second time. This time he examined her more closely using a spit to probe her ballast. He found eight men, armed with pistols and cutlasses, concealed there with an air-hole barely large enough for them to breathe through. [6]
Then in the evening of 2 (or 3) February 1797, the hired armed cutter Lion was off Dungeness Point, when she took possession of a French privateer sloop. Captor and prey were astern of a convoy that ranged to eastward. The privateer was the Requin, of Dieppe, armed only with muskets, and having a crew of 20 men. [7] Lion was in company with Dolphin. [8]
Almost a year later, on 20 January 1798, Lion and Dolphin recaptured Search. [9]
Then one month later, on 28 February, the hired armed lugger Resolution was in company with Dolphin about three leagues WNW of Boulogne when they encountered and chased a French privateer lugger. They succeeded in capturing the Pou-Epie after a four-hour chase. She was armed with four swivel guns and small arms, and had a crew of 17 men. She was two days out of Dunkirk but had not captured anything. Mr. George Broad, the master of Resolution, sank the lugger as she was very leaky. [10]
His Majesty's armed cutter Lord Duncan , Lion and Dolphin shared in the proceeds for the recapture of the brigs Triton and Search, on 26 March 1799. [11]
Dolphin, followed this service by recapturing the brigs Albion and Nautilus on 30 August, [12] and John and Eleanor on 17 November. [13]
Dolphin was among the many vessels entitled to share in the proceeds of the Dutch fleet surrendered on 30 August 1799 in the Vlieter Incident. [14]
On 31 May 1800 the hired cutters Rose and Dolphin sailed to reconnoitre the creeks and harbours between Cape Barfleur and Cape La Hogue at the behest of Commander Charles Papps Price on HMS Badger at the Îles Saint-Marcouf. At 04:30 they observed a small cutter and set off in chase. An hour later they captured their quarry about three or four leagues NW of Cape Barfleur. She was the French privateer Risque a Tout, armed with two 4-pounder guns and small arms, with a crew of 16 men under the command of M. Jacques Neel. She was only 10 hours out of Cherbourg and had not taken anything. [15]
Dolphin arrived at Portsmouth on 16 June with the French privateers Genoa and Etrusot, which she had captured off the coast of France. [16]
Eleven months later, on 20 April 1801, Fortunee, Trent, and Dolphin chased a privateer lugger for 10 hours before capturing it near St Aubin's Bay. The privateer was Renard, of Saint Malo, and pierced for 10 guns. She apparently had been a scourge of the British coasting trade. [17] Dolphin was also in company when Fortunee captured the French privateer Masquerade on 5 May. [18]
The Admiralty purchased Dolphin on 3 June 1801, and commissioned her in September as HMS Dolphin under the command of Lieutenant Thomas Shirley. [2]
The Admiralty offered Dolphin for sale on 30 June 1802. [19] Dolphin sold in 1802 for £215. [2]
HMS Sirius was a 36-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. Between 1797 and 1805, the Sirius was engaged in maintaining the blockade of Napoleonic Europe. She was lost in 1810 when her crew scuttled her after she grounded during the Battle of Grand Port.
HMS Atalante was a 16-gun brig-sloop of the Royal Navy. She was formerly the French Atalante, captured in 1797. She served with the British during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and was wrecked in 1807.
The hired armed cutter Black Joke was a cutter that served the Royal Navy from 12 January 1795 to 19 October 1801. In 1799 she was renamed Suworow, and under that name she captured numerous prizes before she was paid off after the Treaty of Amiens.
During the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars the Admiralty also made use of hired armed vessels, one of which was His Majesty's Hired armed cutter Swan. Actually there were two such cutters, but the descriptions of these vessels and the dates of their service are such that they may well represent one vessel under successive contracts. The vessel or vessels cruised, blockaded, carried despatches and performed reconnaissance.
During the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, British vessels captured at least 12 French warships and privateers named Espoir, which means “Hope” in French. In only one case was there mention of an exchange of fire or casualties. In general, the privateers tried to escape, and failing that surrendered.
His Majesty's hired armed cutter Telemachus served the Royal Navy from 17 June 1795 until 15 January 1801. She was of 1285⁄95 tons (bm), and carried fourteen 4-pounder guns. During her five and a half years of service to the Royal Navy she captured eight French privateers as well as many merchant vessels.
HMS Anacreon was a French privateer launched in 1798 that the Royal Navy captured in 1799 and took into service. She had a brief career in which she took some minor prizes and engaged two enemy vessels in an inconclusive action. She was sold in December 1802.
Eleven ships of the French Navy have borne the name Renard, after the Fox or the character Reynard. The name was also popular for privateers.
At least two vessels known as His Majesty's hired armed lugger Nile served the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. These may have been the same vessel on sequential contracts.
Two vessels have borne the designation, His Majesty's hired armed cutter Lion. The first served during the French Revolutionary Wars, capturing five privateers and several merchant vessels. The second served briefly at the start of the Napoleonic Wars. Both vessels operated in the Channel. The two cutters may have been the same vessel; at this juncture it is impossible to know. French records report that the French captured the second Lion in 1808 and that she served in the French Navy until 1809.
His Majesty's hired armed cutter Diligent served the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars. She was a small vessel, of 44 tons (bm) and six 2-pounder guns, and she served from 27 February 1793 to 1 November 1801.
The French brig Suffisante was launched in 1793 for the French Navy. In 1795 the Royal Navy captured her and took her into service under her existing name. HMS Suffisante captured seven privateers during her career, as well as recapturing some British merchantmen and capturing a number of prizes, some of them valuable. She was lost in December 1803 when she grounded in poor weather in Cork harbour.
His Majesty's hired armed schooner Lady Charlotte served the British Royal Navy on contract between 28 October 1799 and 28 October 1801. She had a burthen of 120 85⁄94 tons (bm), and was armed with twelve 12-pounder carronades. As a hired armed vessel she captured several privateers and recaptured a number of British merchant vessels. After her service with the Royal Navy, she apparently sailed as a letter of marque until the French captured her in 1806.
His Majesty's Hired armed lugger Speedwell served the Royal Navy on contract between 11 June 1796 and 31 October 1801. She had a burthen of 15215⁄94 tons (bm), and was armed with fourteen 4-pounder guns.
His Majesty's hired armed vessel Marechal de Cobourg served the British Royal Navy under contract during the French Revolutionary Wars. Contemporary records also referred to her as Marshall de Cobourg, Marshall Cobourg, Marshall Cobourg, Marquis Cobourg, Marquis de Cobourg, Cobourg, Coborg, and Saxe Cobourg. Further adding to the difficulty in tracking her through the records, is that although she was originally a cutter, later the Navy converted her to a brig.
Numerous French privateers have borne the name Vengeur ("Avenger"):
HMS Eugenie was the French privateer Nouvelle Eugénie, launched at Nantes in 1796 that the British Royal Navy captured in 1797 and took into service. As a brig-sloop she served in the Channel, primarily escorting convoys, and was sold in 1803.
The Royal Navy purchased HMS Barracouta on the stocks in 1782. After she had served for almost ten years patrolling against smugglers, the Navy sold her in 1792. She became the privateer Thought, which had a successful cruize, capturing several prizes including a French privateer, but then was herself captured in September 1793. She served the French Navy under the names Pensée, Montagne, Pensée, and Vedette, until the British recaptured her in 1800 and renamed her HMS Vidette. The Royal Navy sold her in 1802.
HMS Tickler was a cutter built at Dover in 1798 as the mercantile Lord Duncan. Between October 1798 and October 1801 she served the Royal Navy as the hired armed cutter Lord Duncan. Lord Duncan captured or recaptured several vessels, including one privateer. The Navy purchased Lord Duncan in October 1808 and renamed her HMS Tickler. It sold her in 1816.
Mentor was launched in 1792 at Wemyss. With the out break of war with France in early 1793, the Royal Navy needed smaller vessels to protect convoys from privateers. The Navy employed Mentor as a hired armed vessel, releasing her from her contract at the end of 1801 after the signing of the Treaty of Amiens. She then returned to mercantile service, sailing first to Hamburg and then Oporto. She became a coaster on England's east coast, or a Baltic trader. She was last listed in 1832.