History | |
---|---|
England | |
Name | HMS Endeavour |
Ordered | 2 March 1694 |
Acquired | 17 March 1694 for £444 |
Commissioned | 1694 |
Decommissioned | 1695 |
In service | 1694–1695 |
Fate | Sold out of service |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | 4-gun bomb vessel |
Tons burthen | 5910⁄94 (bm) |
Length | 40 ft 0 in (12.2 m) (keel) |
Beam | 16 ft 8 in (5.1 m) |
Depth of hold | 9 ft 3 in (2.8 m) |
Propulsion | Sail |
Sail plan | Ketch-rigged |
Complement | 18 |
Armament | 4 × 5-pdr minions, 1 × 13-inch mortar |
HMS Endeavour was a 4-gun bomb vessel of the Royal Navy, purchased in 1694 but sold out of service the following year.
In early 1694, ministers in the government of William III resolved to augment the Royal Navy's offensive capacity through provision of bomb vessels to attack French ports. In addition to the Navy's four existing Serpent-class bomb vessels, Admiralty requested that the Board of Ordnance purchase twelve private merchant ships for refitting as bombs. However, by April 1694 only eight such vessels were available, to which Admiralty then added the sixth rate sloop Julian Prize to form the expanded bomb group. [1]
Endeavour was the smallest of the new vessels, with a 40 ft 0 in (12.2 m) keel, a beam of 16 ft 8 in (5.1 m) and measuring 5910⁄94 tonnes burthen. She was ketch-rigged, with a deep hold measuring 9 ft 3 in (2.8 m) and capacity to provide mountings for a single 13-inch mortar. Her purchase price was £444, paid to London merchant Richard Beach. A further £473 was spent by Admiralty on Endeavour's conversion to bomb vessel status, and £200 for fittings. [1] [lower-alpha 1] The ship was initially armed with four five-pounder minion cannons, with a crew of 18 supported by Royal Artillery gunners. [1]
Endeavour was commissioned in 1694 under Commander Jacob Wright, for immediate service in war against France. In company with other purchased and converted bomb vessels, she was attached to Admiral John Berkeley 's squadron for action against both merchant shipping and the fleets of privateers that were operating from French ports. [1] [3] Wright was superseded as commander when Endeavour reached her station in Berkeley's force, replaced by Captain (and later vice admiral) James Mighells. [1]
The ship engaged in three port bombardments over the next twelve months; Dieppe and Le Havre in August 1694 and Saint-Malo in the following year. The assault on Dieppe resulted in widespread destruction of civilian property but did no damage to shipping or port facilities. [3] Subsequent raids were even less effective, particularly off Saint-Malo where strong winds and tides meant Endeavour was unable to keep its mortar pointed towards the target. [1] [4] Having failed to affect French ports or privateers, Endeavour and her fellow bomb vessels were returned to England after the Saint-Malo raid. [3] [4]
Naval historians have subsequently described Endeavour and her sister ships' contribution to Berkeley's squadron as a "great disappointment" to the British, [4] with their port bombardments representing little more than "nuisance raids" due to the inaccuracy of their fire. [1] In recognition of her failings Endeavour was sold out of naval service late in 1695, less than two years after her initial purchase. [4] [1]
HMS Heron was originally the merchant vessel Jason, launched at Newcastle in 1803, that the Admiralty purchased in 1804 for the Royal Navy for use as 16-gun ship-sloop under the name HMS Heron. During the Napoleonic Wars she served as a convoy escort on the Leeward Islands station. Then in 1810 the Admiralty had her converted into a bomb vessel and renamed her HMS Volcano. As Volcano she served during the War of 1812, and in particular participated in the Battle of Baltimore. The Admiralty sold her in 1816. New owners returned her to mercantile service under her original name of Jason. She was wrecked in 1821.
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HMS Merlin was launched in 1801 in South Shields as the collier Hercules. In July 1803, with the resumption of war with France, the Admiralty purchased her. She was one of about 20 such vessels that the navy would then employ primarily for convoy escort duties. She served on active duty until 1810, capturing one small privateer. She then served as a receiving ship until 1836 when the navy sold her for breaking up.
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HMS Weazel or Weazle was a 16-gun ship-sloop of the Royal Navy, in active service during the War of the Austrian Succession, the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War. Launched in 1745, she remained in British service until 1779 and captured a total of 11 enemy vessels. She was also present, but not actively engaged, at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1747.
HMS Lys was a 24-gun sloop-of-war of the Royal Navy which saw active service between 1745 and 1748, during the War of the Austrian Succession. Originally the French privateer Le Lis, she was captured by the Royal Navy in 1745 and refitted as a privateer hunter. In this role she secured a single victory at sea with the capture of a 10-gun French vessel in 1747. She was declared surplus to Navy requirements in 1748 and sold into private hands in 1749.
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