HMS Loyalist (1779)

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History
Naval Ensign of Great Britain (1707-1800).svgGreat Britain
NameHMS Loyalist
Owner Royal Navy
Acquired1779
Captured30 August 1781 by France
Civil and Naval Ensign of France.svgFrance
NameLoyaliste
Owner French Navy
Acquired30 August 1781
CommissionedSeptember 1781
FateDonated to United States, November 1781
US flag 13 stars.svgUnited States
NameLoyaliste
AcquiredNovember 1781
General characteristics
Class and type Sloop
Tons burthen360 (bm)
Armament14 guns and 8 swivel guns

HMS Loyalist was the 14-gun sloop Restoration, which the Royal Navy purchased in North America in 1779. In May 1781 her captain was Morgan Laugharne. [1] Prior to being acquired by the Royal Navy, the ship belonged to the Connecticut State Navy as the Oliver Cromwell . [2]

In 1780 Admiral Arbuthnot placed John Plumer Ardesoife in command of Loyalist. He immediately proceeded to terrorize the inhabitants of the Sea Islands, arousing opposition to the British. [3] Around this time Loyalist took the sloop George, of 25 tons burthen, William Stein master. George was condemned at the vice admiralty court in Savannah on 23 August 1780. [4] While under Ardesoife's command Loyalist also took some prizes at George Town. [5]

She was under the command of Captain Richard Williams when the French captured her in the Chesapeake on 30 August 1781. According to French sources, Loyalist and the frigate Guadeloupe were on picket duty when they encountered the French fleet under Admiral de Grasse. Guadeloupe escaped up the York River to York Town, where her crew would later scuttle her. [6] The English court martial records report that Loyalist was returning to the British fleet off the Jersey coast when she encountered the main French fleet. The French frigate Aigrette, with the 74-gun Glorieux in sight, was able to overtake Loyalist. [7]

The French took her into service as Loyaliste in September. On 15 September she arrived at Yorktown, De Grasse having detached her to escort in some grenadiers and chasseurs. [8] Her commander, briefly, was lieutenant de vaisseau Pascal Melchior Philibert de Barras-Saint-Laurent, son of Admiral de Barras.

Shortly thereafter, in November, the French gave her to the Americans. In her brief French service she is described as carrying 22 guns, probably 14 guns plus eight swivel guns. [6]

Citations

  1. ↑ "NMM, vessel ID 370602" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol ii. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  2. ↑ "Oliver Cromwell Connecticut Navy Ship" (PDF). American War of Independence at Sea. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  3. ↑ Jenkinson (2006), p.71.
  4. ↑ Olsberg (1973), p. 228.
  5. ↑ "No. 12592". The London Gazette . 2 September 1784. p. 3.
  6. 1 2 Demerliac (1996), p. 75, #481.
  7. ↑ Hepper (1994), p. 65.
  8. ↑ Gallatin (1931), p.47.

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References

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