HMS Porcupine (1895)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Porcupine.

History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Porcupine
Ordered	7 November 1893
Builder	Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company
Laid down	28 March 1894
Launched	19 September 1895
Fate	Sold and scrapped in 1920
General characteristics
Class and type	Janus-class destroyer
Displacement	320 long tons (330 t)
Length	204 ft 6 in (62.33 m) oa
Beam	19 ft 9 in (6.02 m)
Draught	8 ft 0 in (2.44 m)
Installed power	3,900 ihp (2,900 kW)
Propulsion	4 × Reed boilers 2 × vertical triple-expansion steam engines 2 shafts
Speed	27 kn (50 km/h; 31 mph)
Armament	1 × QF 12-pounder gun 3 × 6-pounder 2 × 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes

HMS Porcupine was a Janus-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was launched by Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company in 1895, served in home waters and was in service during the First World War.

Design and construction

Three torpedo-boat destroyers were ordered on 7 November 1893 from the Jarrow shipbuilders, Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company for the Royal Navy as part of the 1893–1894 Naval Estimates. These three ships, Janus, Lightning and Porcupine were part of a larger group of 36 destroyers ordered as part of this shipbuilding programme, as a follow-on to the six prototype "26-knotters" ordered in the previous 1892–1893 estimates. ^{[1] [2]} The Admiralty laid down broad requirements for the destroyers, including a speed of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) on sea trials, with the detailed design left to the builders, resulting in each of the builders producing different designs. ^{[3] [4]}

Palmers' design was 204 feet 6 inches (62.33 m) long overall and 200 feet (60.96 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 19 feet 9 inches (6.02 m) and a draught of 8 feet 0 inches (2.44 m). Displacement was 275 long tons (279 t) light and 320 long tons (330 t) full load. ^[1] Four Reed water tube boilers fed steam at 250 pounds per square inch (1,700 kPa) to two triple expansion steam engines rated at 3,900 indicated horsepower (2,900 kW) and driving two propeller shafts. ^[1] Three funnels were fitted. ^[5] Armament consisted of a single QF 12 pounder 12 cwt ^[a] gun and three 6-pounder guns, with two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes. ^[6] One of the torpedo tubes could be removed to accommodate a further two six-pounders, ^[7] although the Palmer 27-knotters later carried both the two torpedo tubes and all 5 six-pounder guns. ^[8]

Porcupine, together with the other two Palmer-built destroyers, was laid down on 28 March 1894. She was launched on 19 September 1895. ^[9] Porcupine reached a speed of 27.91 knots (51.69 km/h; 32.12 mph) during sea trials, exceeding the required 27 knots. ^[10] She was completed in March 1896. ^[9]

Service history

In 1896 Porcupine was in reserve at Chatham. ^[11] She took part in the 1896 British Naval Manoeuvres, attached to the Channel Fleet operation from Milford Haven. ^[12] Porcupine undertook a refit at Chatham in late 1899, and was passed into the Fleet Reserve 15 January 1900. ^[13] The following month she succeeded HMS Cygnet as part of the Medway Instructional Flotilla, taking the latter ship's crew, including Commander Cecil Hickley in command. ^[14] Lieutenant George Geoffrey Codrington was appointed in command in January 1902, and she paid off at Chatham on 31 July 1902, ^[15] following which she had her boilers retubed. ^[16] She took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII. ^[17] In 1910, Porcupine was part of the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla, based at The Nore, still being based at the Nore in 1912. ^[18] Porcupine ran aground off Clacton on 18 October 1910. Her commanding officer was reprimanded in the resulting Court Martial. ^[19] On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyers were to be grouped into classes designated by letters based on contract speed and appearance. After 30 September 1913, as a 27-knotter, Porcupine was assigned to the A class. ^{[20] [21] [22]}

By February 1913, Porcupine was not part of an active flotilla, but was attached as a tender to the torpedo school at Chatham, with a nucleus crew, ^[23] although she was in full commission by May 1913. ^[24] She remained part of the torpedo school based at Chatham on the eve of the outbreak of the First World War. ^[25]

Porcupine joined the Local Defence Flotilla at the Nore on the outbreak of war, ^[26] and remained part of that formation for much of the rest of the war, still being a member in November 1917. ^[27]

Porcupine was sold to the ship breakers Thos. W. Ward on 29 April 1920 for scrapping. ^[22]

Notes

1. "Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 12cwt referring to the weight of the gun.

References

1. Lyon 2001, p. 77.
2. Lyon 2001, pp. 19–20.
3. Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 87.
4. Manning 1961, p. 39.
5. Friedman 2009, p. 54.
6. Friedman 2009, p. 291.
7. Lyon 2001, pp. 98–99.
8. Lyon 2003, p. 100.
9. Friedman 2009, p. 302.
10. Brassey 1897, p. 321.
11. "Naval Matters: Past and Prospective: The Reserve of Ships and Men". The Marine Engineer. Vol. 18. July 1896. p. 155.
12. Brassey 1897, pp. 141–143, 149.
13. "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36040. London. 16 January 1900. p. 9.
14. "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36058. London. 6 February 1900. p. 10.
15. "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36833. London. 30 July 1902. p. 10.
16. "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36835. London. 1 August 1902. p. 8.
17. "Naval Review at Spithead". The Times. No. 36847. London. 15 August 1902. p. 5.
18. "NMM, vessel ID 373572" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol iii. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
19. "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Chatham Dockyard". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. Vol. 33. January 1911. p. 206.
20. Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 18.
21. Manning 1961, pp. 17–18.
22. Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 56.
23. "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Torpedo Craft and Submarine Flotillas at Home Ports". The Navy List: 270b. March 1913. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
24. "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Torpedo Craft and Submarine Flotillas at Home Ports". The Navy List: 270b. May 1913. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
25. "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Torpedo Craft and Submarine Flotillas at Home Ports". The Navy List: 270c. August 1914. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
26. "Ships of the Royal Navy - Location/Action Date, 1914–1918: Part 2 - Admiralty "Pink Lists", 5 August 1914". Naval-History.net. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
27. "Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: VIII.—Local Defence Flotillas". The Navy List: 18. November 1917. Retrieved 27 May 2015.

Bibliography

• Brassey, T.A. (1897). The Naval Annual 1897. Portsmouth, UK: J. Griffin and Co.
• Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M, eds. (1979). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN   0-85177-133-5.
• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN   978-1-86176-281-8.
• Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN   0-7110-0380-7.
• Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN   978-1-84832-049-9.
• Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN   0-85177-245-5.
• Lyon, David (2001) [1996]. The First Destroyers. London: Caxton Editions. ISBN   1-84067-364-8.
• Manning, T. D. (1961). The British Destroyer. Putnam & Co. OCLC   6470051.
• March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans. London: Seeley Service. OCLC   164893555.