HPV Prevention and Control Board

Last updated
HPV Prevention and Control Board
Formation2015
HeadquartersVaccine and Infectious Disease Institute of the University of Antwerp
Website Official website

The HPV Prevention and Control Board, founded in 2015, is an independent group of international experts supported by unrestricted grants from the pharmaceutical industry [3] that bring together key professionals, groups and government officials to deal with issues related to screening and prevention programmes for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the persistence of which may lead to cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in women living in low-resource settings. [1] [4] [5] The Board focusses on preventing cervical cancer in these countries by promoting the sharing of information on cervical screening and HPV vaccination, which by 2014 had reached only around 3% of eligible girls in low income countries. [4] [5] [6]

Contents

The Board is located at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute of the University of Antwerp and its website is a member of the World Health Organization (WHO) led project Vaccine Safety Net (VSN). [7]

Local policy-makers can take advice and assistance from the Board on introducing and extending programmes, and by taking into consideration recommendations by the WHO, the Board can facilitate political backing required for their application. [8] One example of their work was in 2018 when the Board contributed to efforts to regain confidence in vaccines for cervical cancer in Columbia following a sudden nationwide drop in uptake of the vaccine's first and second dose from 98% and 88% in 2012 to 14% and 5% in 2016. [9]

Background

Cervical Cancer Age Incidence 2018. Countries were categorised by the Human Development Index (HDI). Lower-resource countries have lower HDI. CervicalCancerAgeIncidence2018.jpg
Cervical Cancer Age Incidence 2018. Countries were categorised by the Human Development Index (HDI). Lower-resource countries have lower HDI.
Cervical Cancer Mortality 2018. CervicalCancerMortality2018.jpg
Cervical Cancer Mortality 2018.

Knowing that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in women living in low-resource settings, has led to the development of vaccines that protect people from HPV associated diseases, and HPV tests that detect presence of the virus. [1] [10] Since the HPV vaccines were first licensed in 2006, the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS) have concluded that the HPV vaccines have a reassuring safety profile and they remain vigilant to monitoring adverse effects. [8]

In 2016, more than 70 countries were reported to be offering the HPV vaccine. [5] [11] This figure reached 80 by 2018. [11] With the optimum coverage of HPV vaccination regarded to be 70% of eligible women, a review published in 2017 revealed that by 2014, nine years from the vaccine's introduction, coverage varied between less than 5% to more than 80% in countries that offered the vaccine. [6]

Origin and purpose

The HPV Prevention and Control Board is modelled on the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board and was founded in December 2015 to deal with emerging challenges in the control and prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its associated diseases. [4] Chiefly working on technical issues, the Board is an independent group of international experts, one of several partnerships that focus on preventing cervical cancer by promoting the sharing of information on cervical screening and HPV vaccination, which by 2014 had reached only around 3% of eligible girls in low income countries. [4] [5] [6]

Its website is a member of the WHO-led project Vaccine Safety Net (VSN). [7] The Board's first meeting, focused on safety data of licensed HPV vaccines, was held on 27 June 2016 in Antwerp. At the time, a preliminary list of issues requiring attention included implementing a vaccination programme, expanding existing programmes, and integrating HPV vaccination and cervical screening. [4] [8]

The Board's website provides information relating to its aims, scientific publications, meetings, general HPV information, links to E-learning sources on HPV and relevant websites, in addition to HPV related news and media. [7]

Activities

The Board co-ordinates interactions between people related to HPV control and prevention, and provides a forum for discussion. It advises local policy-makers on starting and expanding HPV vaccination programmes, and taking into consideration recommendations by the WHO, helps with political commitment necessary for their implementation. In addition to experts, it involves public and governments. [4] [8]

The Board's first four meetings resulted in the development of a checklist for implementing and maintaining vaccine initiatives, also applicable to other vaccination programmes, after local and international expertise were brought together to exchange experiences and what was learnt from them. [11]

Following a 2016 publication of a flawed paper on HPV vaccine in Japan, which was later retracted, the Board responded with a letter, signed by 20 of its Board members, criticising both the research and the time to retract it. [12]

In 2018, the fifth meeting, held in Bucharest, discussed the role of healthcare providers in vaccination programmes. [13] [14]

At its sixth meeting in November 2018, the Board collaborated in Colombia, with the National Cancer Institute of Colombia and Colombian League Against Cancer, to address the sudden hesitancy in taking HPV vaccines in that country. Routinely given in two doses, the uptake of HPV vaccine for the first and second dose dropped from 98% and 88% in 2012 to 14% and 5% in 2016 nationally. Investigations by Colombian authorities, had suggested that, beginning in Carmen del Bolivar in 2012, social media could have contributed to disseminating misinformation on the vaccine resulting in a probably mass psychogenic illness. The HPV vaccine was found not to be apparently the cause of reported adverse effects and the Board contributed to efforts to regain confidence in HPV vaccination in Columbia. [9] [15] [16] However, more recent research papers have suggested in 2021-2022 that the HPV vaccine (Gardasil) could not be ruled out in the case of Carmen de Bolívar, and that the initial diagnosis of mass psychogenic illness was not supported by scientific evidence. [16] [17] [18]

Location and funding

The Board's administrative office is located at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute of the University of Antwerp. [19] [20] The Board has received grants from the pharmaceutical industry [21] including GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Merck, Abbott and Sanofi Pasteur, as well as several universities. Finances, including reimbursements, are handled by the rules of the University of Antwerp. [11] [22]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wart</span> Small, rough growth resembling a cauliflower or a solid blister

Warts are non-cancerous viral growths usually occurring on the hands and feet but can also affect other locations, such as the genitals or face. One or many warts may appear. They are distinguished from cancerous tumors as they are caused by a viral infection, such as a human papillomavirus, rather than a cancerous growth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pap test</span> Cervical screening test to detect potential cancers

The Papanicolaou test is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix or, more rarely, anus. Abnormal findings are often followed up by more sensitive diagnostic procedures and, if warranted, interventions that aim to prevent progression to cervical cancer. The test was independently invented in the 1920s by the Greek physician Georgios Papanikolaou and named after him. A simplified version of the test was introduced by the Canadian obstetrician Anna Marion Hilliard in 1957.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cervical cancer</span> Cancer arising from the cervix

Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix. It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Early on, typically no symptoms are seen. Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse. While bleeding after sex may not be serious, it may also indicate the presence of cervical cancer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human papillomavirus infection</span> Human disease

Human papillomavirus infection is caused by a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family. Many HPV infections cause no symptoms and 90% resolve spontaneously within two years. In some cases, an HPV infection persists and results in either warts or precancerous lesions. These lesions, depending on the site affected, increase the risk of cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth, tonsils, or throat. Nearly all cervical cancer is due to HPV, and two strains – HPV16 and HPV18 – account for 70% of all cases. HPV16 is responsible for almost 90% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Between 60% and 90% of the other cancers listed above are also linked to HPV. HPV6 and HPV11 are common causes of genital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anal cancer</span> Medical condition

Anal cancer is a cancer which arises from the anus, the distal opening of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms may include bleeding from the anus or a lump near the anus. Other symptoms may include pain, itchiness, or discharge from the anus. A change in bowel movements may also occur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Langerhans cell</span> Cell type

A Langerhans cell (LC) is a tissue-resident macrophage of the skin once thought to be a resident dendritic cell. These cells contain organelles called Birbeck granules. They are present in all layers of the epidermis and are most prominent in the stratum spinosum. They also occur in the papillary dermis, particularly around blood vessels, as well as in the mucosa of the mouth, foreskin, and vaginal epithelium. They can be found in other tissues, such as lymph nodes, particularly in association with the condition Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Papilloma</span> Medical condition

A papilloma is a benign epithelial tumor growing exophytically in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds. In this context, papilla refers to the projection created by the tumor, not a tumor on an already existing papilla.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia</span> Medical condition

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), also known as cervical dysplasia, is the abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix that could potentially lead to cervical cancer. More specifically, CIN refers to the potentially precancerous transformation of cells of the cervix.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HPV vaccine</span> Class of vaccines against human papillomavirus

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are vaccines that prevent infection by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Available HPV vaccines protect against either two, four, or nine types of HPV. All HPV vaccines protect against at least HPV types 16 and 18, which cause the greatest risk of cervical cancer. It is estimated that HPV vaccines may prevent 70% of cervical cancer, 80% of anal cancer, 60% of vaginal cancer, 40% of vulvar cancer, and show more than 90% efficacy in preventing HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. They additionally prevent some genital warts, with the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines that protect against HPV types HPV-6 and HPV-11 providing greater protection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gardasil</span> Human papillomavirus vaccine

Gardasil is an HPV vaccine for use in the prevention of certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). It was developed by Merck & Co. High-risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV) genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection among women. The HPV strains that Gardasil protects against are sexually transmitted, specifically HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. HPV types 16 and 18 cause an estimated 70% of cervical cancers, and are responsible for most HPV-induced anal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancer cases. HPV types 6 and 11 cause an estimated 90% of genital warts cases. HPV type 16 is responsible for almost 90% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers, and the prevalence is higher in males than females. Though Gardasil does not treat existing infection, vaccination is still recommended for HPV-positive individuals, as it may protect against one or more different strains of the disease.

Cervarix is a vaccine against certain types of cancer-causing human papillomavirus (HPV).

Margaret Anne Stanley, OBE FMedSc, is a British virologist and epithelial biologist. She attended the Universities of London, Bristol, and Adelaide. As of 2018, she is an Emeritus Professor of Epithelial Biology in the Department of Pathology at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences. She is also an Honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and an honorary fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge. Stanley is a research scientist in virology focusing on the human papillomavirus (HPV). Her research work has led to new scientific findings on HPV. Additionally, she uses her expertise on HPV to serve on multiple advisory committees and journal editorial boards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oropharyngeal cancer</span> Pharynx cancer that is located in the oropharynx

Oropharyngeal cancer, also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and tonsil cancer, is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat (oropharynx) that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cervical screening</span> Type of medical screening

Cervical cancer screening is a medical screening test designed to identify risk of cervical cancer. Cervical screening may involve looking for viral DNA, and/or to identify abnormal, potentially precancerous cells within the cervix as well as cells that have progressed to early stages of cervical cancer. One goal of cervical screening is to allow for intervention and treatment so abnormal lesions can be removed prior to progression to cancer. An additional goal is to decrease mortality from cervical cancer by identifying cancerous lesions in their early stages and providing treatment prior to progression to more invasive disease.

Diane Medved Harper is a United States professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan. Her area of expertise is human papillomavirus (HPV) and the diseases associated with it, as well as colposcopy, and she was one of the investigators in the clinical trials of Gardasil and Cervarix, vaccines against HPV.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer awareness and prevention is a vital concept from a public and community health perspective.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gynecologic cancer disparities in the United States</span>

Gynecologic cancer disparities in the United States refer to differences in incidence, prevalence, and mortality from gynecologic cancers between population groups. The five main types of gynecologic cancer include cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. For patients with these and other gynecologic malignancies within the United States, disparities across the care continuum by socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic background have been previously identified and studied. The causes behind these disparities are multifaceted and a complex interplay of systemic differences in health as well as individual patient factors such as cultural, educational, and economic barriers.

Karen Canfell is an Australian epidemiologist and cancer researcher.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Ghana</span> Medical condition

Human Papillomavirus in Ghana; each year about 3,000 Ghanaian women are diagnosed cervical cancer caused by Human Papillomavirus, HPV. It is estimated that 2,000 women die out of the 3000 annually.

The Oral Cancer Foundation, sometimes abbreviated to OCF, is an American, IRS-registered, 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, which focuses on oral and oropharyngeal cancer related issues and public awareness of the disease.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer". www.who.int. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  2. ↑ Bishop, Bishop; Dasgupta, J.; Chen, X.S. "RCSB PDB – 2R5K: Pentamer Structure of Major Capsid protein L1 of Human Papilloma Virus type 11". www.rcsb.org. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  3. ↑ "Supports and grants | HPV Prevention and Control Board | University of Antwerp". www.uantwerpen.be. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stanley, Margaret; Poljak, Mario (2017-03-16). "Prospects for the new HPV Prevention and Control Board". Papillomavirus Research. 3: 97. doi:10.1016/j.pvr.2017.01.005. ISSN   2405-8521. PMC   5883206 . PMID   28720464.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Wittet, Scott; Aylward, Jenny; Cowal, Sally; Drope, Jacqui; Franca, Etienne; Goltz, Sarah; Kuo, Taona; Larson, Heidi; Luciani, Silvana; Mugisha, Emmanuel; Schocken, Celina (July 2017). "Advocacy, communication, and partnerships: Mobilizing for effective, widespread cervical cancer prevention". International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 138 (Suppl 1): 57–62. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12189 . ISSN   1879-3479. PMID   28691332. S2CID   22355521.
  6. 1 2 3 Bruni, Laia; Diaz, Mireia; Barrionuevo-Rosas, Leslie; Herrero, Rolando; Bray, Freddie; Bosch, F Xavier; De Sanjosé, Silvia; Castellsagué, Xavier (1 July 2016). "Global estimates of human papillomavirus vaccination coverage by region and income level: a pooled analysis". The Lancet Global Health. 4 (7): e453–e463. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30099-7 . hdl: 2445/126836 . ISSN   2214-109X. PMID   27340003.
  7. 1 2 3 "WHO | HPV Prevention and Control Board". WHO. Archived from the original on April 29, 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Vorsters, Alex; Arbyn, Marc; Baay, Marc; Bosch, Xavier; de Sanjosé, Silvia; Hanley, Sharon; Karafillakis, Emilie; Lopalco, Pier Luigi; Pollock, Kevin G.; Yarwood, Joanne; Van Damme, Pierre (2017). "Overcoming barriers in HPV vaccination and screening programs". Papillomavirus Research. 4: 45–53. doi:10.1016/j.pvr.2017.07.001. ISSN   2405-8521. PMC   7268103 . PMID   29179869.
  9. 1 2 "HPV vaccination in Colombia". www.hpvworld.com. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  10. 1 2 3 Arbyn, Marc; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Bruni, Laia; Sanjosé, Silvia de; Saraiya, Mona; Ferlay, Jacques; Bray, Freddie (1 February 2020). "Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis". The Lancet Global Health. 8 (2): e191–e203. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30482-6. ISSN   2214-109X. PMC   7025157 . PMID   31812369.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Vorsters, Alex (2018) "Commentary HPV immunization programs: Ensuring their sustainability and resilience". Vaccine 36, pp. 5219–5221. Co-authored with Pierre Van Damme
  12. ↑ Normile, Dennis (21 December 2016). "Critics assail paper claiming harm from cancer vaccine". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  13. ↑ Vorsters, Alex; Bonanni, Paolo; Maltezou, Helena C.; Yarwood, Joanne; Brewer, Noel T.; Bosch, F. Xavier; Hanley, Sharon; Cameron, Ross; Franco, Eduardo L.; Arbyn, Marc; Muñoz, Nubia (30 August 2019). "The role of healthcare providers in HPV vaccination programs – A meeting report". Papillomavirus Research. 8: 100183. doi:10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100183. ISSN   2405-8521. PMC   7268105 . PMID   31476478.
  14. ↑ "WHCA - HPV Prevention and Control Board Meeting, 15-16 May 2018, Bucharest, Romania". whcaonline.org. 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  15. ↑ Vorsters, Alex; Bosch, Francesc Xavier; Bonanni, Paolo; Franco, Eduardo L.; Baay, Marc; Simas, Clarissa; Waheed, Dur-e-Nayab; Castro, Carlos; Murillo, Raul; Trujillo, Lina; Wiesner, Carolina (2020-06-22). "Prevention and control of HPV infection and HPV-related cancers in Colombia- a meeting report". BMC Proceedings. 14 (9): 8. doi: 10.1186/s12919-020-00192-2 . ISSN   1753-6561. PMC   7307134 . PMID   32577128.
  16. 1 2 Mezza, Maurizia; Blume, Stuart (2021-08-01). "Turning suffering into side effects: Responses to HPV vaccination in Colombia". Social Science & Medicine. 282: 114135. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114135. hdl: 11245.1/d016371b-37b8-4f8c-96ae-ab27a0e2b2c9 . ISSN   0277-9536. PMID   34146986. S2CID   235486196.
  17. ↑ Moreno, Adolfo Baltar; Puello-Sarabia, Cielo Patricia (2022-05-01). "Género y vacunación contra el VPH en Colombia: cuando la política pública hace daño". Methaodos.revista de Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish). 10 (1): 74–87. doi: 10.17502/mrcs.v10i1.545 . ISSN   2340-8413. S2CID   248490877.
  18. ↑ Baltar-Moreno, Adolfo; Puello-Sarabia, Cielo; Carrazco-Delgado, Brenda Fernanda (2022-11-09). "Revisión narrativa del caso de la vacuna contra el VPH en El Carmen de Bolívar, Colombia (2014-2021)". Gerencia y Políticas de Salud (in Spanish). 21. doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.rgps21.rncv . ISSN   2500-6177.
  19. ↑ "HPV Prevention and Control Board – University of Antwerp". www.uantwerpen.be. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  20. ↑ Hawkes, Nigel (3 October 2018). "Cochrane examines whether lead author of HPV review had undeclared conflicts of interest" . BMJ. 363: k4163. doi:10.1136/bmj.k4163. ISSN   0959-8138. PMID   30282628. S2CID   52913263.
  21. ↑ "Supports and grants | HPV Prevention and Control Board | University of Antwerp". www.uantwerpen.be. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  22. ↑ Hawkes, Nigel (16 October 2018). "Lead author of Cochrane HPV review did not breach conflicts policy, find arbiters" . BMJ. 363: k4352. doi:10.1136/bmj.k4352. ISSN   0959-8138. PMID   30327412. S2CID   53522070.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.