Hadron collider

A hadron collider is a very large particle accelerator built to test the predictions of various theories in particle physics, high-energy physics or nuclear physics by colliding hadrons. ^[1] A hadron collider uses tunnels to accelerate, store, and collide two particle beams.

Colliders

Only a few hadron colliders have been built. These are:

• Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), in operation 1971–1984. ^[2]
• Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), CERN, used as a hadron collider 1981–1991. ^[3]
• Tevatron, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), in operation 1983–2011. ^[4]
• Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), Brookhaven National Laboratory, in operation since 2000. ^[5]
• Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN, in operation since 2008. ^[1]

See also

• Synchrotron

References

1. "The Large Hadron Collider". CERN. 2025-11-13. Retrieved 2025-11-15.
2. Hubner, Kurt (2012-06-18), Design and construction of the ISR, arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.1206.3948, arXiv:1206.3948, retrieved 2025-11-15
3. "The Super Proton Synchrotron". CERN. 2025-11-13. Retrieved 2025-11-15.
4. "Fermilab | Tevatron". www.fnal.gov. Retrieved 2025-11-15.
5. "NP Relativistic Heavy Ion Collid... | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)". science.osti.gov. 2024-08-28. Retrieved 2025-11-15.