Hallikeld

Hallikeld
Wapentake
Wapentakes of Yorkshire. Hallikeld is a light green colour just above Ripon.
Area
• Coordinates	54°15′07″N1°32′46″W / 54.252°N 1.546°W / 54.252; -1.546
Status	Defunct
Subdivisions
• Type	7 parishes (1914)

Hallikeld ^{[note 1]} was a wapentake, an administrative division (or ancient district) analogous to a hundred, ^[2] in the historic county of the North Riding of Yorkshire. It was one of the smaller wapentakes by area and consisted of seven parishes.

History

The name Hallikeld derives from the Old English Halig, and the Old Norse Kelda. ^{[3] [4]} Keld appears in various places in Northern England and means Spring, with the Halli prefix meaning holy. ^[5] This is thought to be taken from some fresh water springs in the Melmerby area, which were located within the wapentake. ^[6] Fields to the south of Melmerby are labelled as Hallikelds on Ordnance Survey mapping from 1909. ^[7] As the wapentakes were ancient divisions, the spelling of them has evolved and changed over time. Latterly it was spelt as Hallikeld, but has been historically recorded as Hallikell and Halikeld. ^[8] Another possible derivation of the name is from a holy spring in the churchyard of St Lamberts in Burneston, though the spring and drain from it have been covered over. ^[9]

Portions of the wapentake were interchanged with Hang East and Birdforth wapentakes. At times, the wapentake was considered to be in the West Riding of Yorkshire, ^[10] despite being on the north bank of the River Ure, which was the historical dividing line between the West and North Ridings of Yorkshire. ^[11] In 1914, the wapentake had seven parishes; Burneston, Cundall, Kirkby Hill (or Kirkby on the Moor), Kirklington, Pickhill, Wath and West Tanfield. ^[12] Hallikeld was bordered on the north by Gilling East, on the east by Birdforth, the south by Claro and the west by Hang East. ^[13] The River Ure formed its southern border and the River Swale formed its eastern and Northern border. The wapentake was some 16 miles (26 km) long (from north to south) and at its widest, only 7 miles (11 km) across. ^[14]

The boundaries of the wapentakes were being constantly redrawn; in the early part of the 19th century, Hutton Conyers was in Hallikeld, ^[15] and Exelby, Leeming and Newton was transferred into the district at the same time. ^[16]

In 1831, the number of houses in the wapentake was listed as 1,419 spread across 1,395 families. The population at that time was 6,424, which by 1885, had dropped to 5, 441. ^{[17] [18]}

Settlements

• Key to parishes: BE = Bedale, BR = Brafferton, BU = Burneston, CU = Cundall, KB = Kirby-on-the-Moor, KK = Kirklington, PK = Pickhill, TO = Topcliffe, TW = Tanfield West, WA = Wath
• Key to Poor Law Unions (PLU): Bedale = B, Great Ouseburn = G, Thirsk = T

List of townships in Hallikeld Wapentake ^[19]

Name	Parish	Population	PLU		Name	Parish	Population	PLU		Name	Parish	Population	PLU
Ainderby Quernhow	PK	107	T		Howe	PK	33	T		Norton-le-Clay	CU	146	G
Asenby	TW	238	G		Howgrave	KK	25	G		Pickhill with Roxby	PK	388	T
Baldersby	TW	267	G		Humburton with Milby	KB	139	G		Rainton with Newby	TO	411	G
Burneston	BU	342	B		Kirby-on-the-Moor	KB	189	G		Sinderby	PK	93	T
Carthorpe	BU	304	T		Kirklington	KK	305	B		Swainby with Allerthorpe	PK	27	B
Cundall and Leckby	CU	200	G		Langthorne	BE	136	B		Sutton	KK	121	G
Dishforth	TW	332	G		Langthorpe	KB	196	G		Theakstone [note 2]	BU	82	B
East Tanfield [note 3]	KK	35	G		Marton-le-Moor	TW	209	G		Thornton Bridge	BR	47	G
Exelby, Leeming and Newton [note 4]	BU	633	B		Melmerby	WA	338	G		Wath	WA	196	G
Gatenby	BU	69	B		Middleton Quernhow	WA	123	G		West Tanfield	TW	693	G

The populations given are for the year of 1831. In 1821, the parishes of Bedale, Brafferton, Pickhill, Topcliffe and Wath crossed the borders into the adjacent wapentakes (Hang East, Bulmer, Allertonshire, Birdforth and Allertonshire respectively. ^[20]

Notes

1. Sometimes spelt as Hallikell, or Halikeld. The wapentake did not include the hamlet of Hallikeld which is north east of Northallerton; this hamlet was in Allertonshire. ^[1]
2. Ancient spelling of Theakston
3. Sometimes written as Tanfield (East).
4. Later transferred back to Hang East

References

1. "County: North Riding of Yorkshire, Halikeld wapentake. Grant description and date". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk (in Latin). Retrieved 4 February 2020.
2. "Hallikeld Wap through time | Census tables with data for the Ancient District". www.visionofbritain.org.uk. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
3. "The times they were a-changin'" . infoweb.newsbank.com. 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
4. Edwards, Heather (2004). "The Saint of Middleham and Giggleswick". Yorkshire Archaeological Journal. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society. 76: 135. ISSN   0084-4276.
5. Ekwall, Eilert (1947). The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names (3 ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 202. OCLC   12542596.
6. "Sacred Landmarks and Landscapes in North Craven:St Alkelda re-visited, holy wells and south-side side crosses". www.northcravenheritage.org.uk. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
7. "Explore georeferenced maps - Map images - National Library of Scotland". maps.nls.uk. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
8. Trotter 1919, p. 229.
9. McCall, H. B. (1910). Richmondshire Churches. London: Elliot Stock. p. 2. OCLC   6723172.
10. Walker, Peter (24 June 2015). "Well, well, well. Not just a hole in t'ground". Gazette & Herald. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
11. Jones-Barker, William Gideon Michael (1854). The Three Days of Wensleydale: The Valley of the Yore. London: Dolma. p. 285. OCLC   02590543.
12. "The wapentake of Hallikeld | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
13. Moule, Thomas (1837). The English Counties delineated: or, a topographical description of England. London: Virtue. p. 442. OCLC   562641982.
14. White 1840, p. 561.
15. White 1840, p. 566.
16. White 1840, p. 574.
17. White 1840, p. 562.
18. Bell, Hugh (5 January 1885). "The Division of the North Riding". The Northern Echo. No. 4, 640. p. 4. OCLC   1015528053.
19. White 1840, pp. 561–562.
20. "Genuki: NORTH RIDING: Abstract of Population Census 1821, North Riding of Yorkshire, including York., Yorkshire". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 6 February 2020.

Source

• Trotter, Eleanor (1919). Seventeenth century life in the country parish, with special reference to local government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC   458398740.
• White, William (1840). History, Gazetteer and Directory of the East and North Ridings of Yorkshire. Sheffield: White. OCLC   319907952.

External links

• Map of the wapentake from 1914