Harold Rosenwald | |
---|---|
Born | Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. | July 23, 1907
Died | March 9, 1990 82) Lexington, Massachusetts, U.S. | (aged
Alma mater | Harvard University Harvard Law School |
Occupation | Lawyer |
Known for | Defense of Alger Hiss Prosecution of Huey Long |
Spouse | Betty Booth (m. 1943) |
Children | 3 |
Harold Rosenwald (July 23, 1907 – March 9, 1990) [1] was an American lawyer, best known for working on the defense team of Alger Hiss during 1949 and in the prosecution of Louisiana governor Huey Long. [2] [3]
Harold Rosenwald was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His sisters were Clare Rosenwald Schein (later an arbitrator for Family Court, died 1972), Leah Rosenwald Modest, and Charlotte Rosenwald Rosenberg. [2] [4]
He graduated from Cambridge Latin School (now Cambridge Rindge and Latin School) in 1923. He graduated cum laude from Harvard University in 1927. In 1930, he graduated from Harvard Law School, where he also served as editor of the Harvard Law Review (1928–1930) and class secretary. It was during this time he came to know Alger Hiss. [2]
Rosenwald was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1930 (and the U.S. Supreme Court Bar in 1936). [2]
According to Whittaker Chambers, Rosenwald had worked in the U.S. Department of Justice during the 1930s under O. John Rogge:
He had worked for the U.S. Department of Justice, where he had been the assistant to O. John Rogge, an assistant to the Attorney General. The peculiar vehemence of Mr. Rogge's lefts views finally caused him [Rosenwald] to leave the Justice Department. [5]
Rosenwald supported Justice in its case against U.S. General Charles G. Dawes to recover monies of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) on a $90,000,000 "Dawes Loan." On May 15, 1936, Rosenwald filed a brief on behalf of John L. Hopkins, O. John Rogge, and others for the RFC. [6] Later in May, Justice recovered $2,225,000 for RFC, for which Rosenwald received credit. [7] Justice continued to pursue more repayment, and the case went to court in October 1938. [8] He received credit for his efforts in November 1936 when a court ordered 3,500 Illinois stockholders of a defunct Central Republic Bank to pay $12,500,000 as part of repayment on that loan. [9]
In 1939, Rosenwald again support Rogge, this time going after income tax cases in Louisiana related to Governor Huey Long's "Share Our Wealth" program. Rogge planned to move to the state due to the anticipated length of the case. He cited Rosenwald (and Albert B. Teton) as an expert whose presence he sought to join him because of Rosenwald's "experience in preparing income tax cases for trial." [10]
In April 1948, Rosenwald and John J. O'Niel were attorneys for a naval captain before the U.S. Supreme Court in "United States of America ex. rel. Harold E. Hirschberg v. Captain M. J. Malanaphy, United States Navy, Commanding Officer, United States Naval Receiving Station, Brooklyn, New York." [11]
During the Hiss Case, Rosenwald was an attorney first in 1948 with Oseas, Pepper & Segal [12] and by 1950 with Beer, Richards, Lane and Haller [13] (also known as Oseas, Pepper & Siegel with offices in Washington and on Liberty Street, New York [14] ) (from 1949 to 1957 called "Beer, Richards, Lane, Haller & Buttenwieser" [15] [16] ). He was one of the chief lawyers in the Hiss Case who defended Alger Hiss, along with William L. Marbury, Jr. and Edward Cochrane McLean. He was the chief architect of argument for a "psychologically disturbed state of Whittaker Chambers." [3]
On December 12, 1948, Rosenwald, "an associate of Edward C. McLean, Mr. Hiss' attorney," issued a statement by Hiss which said: "...I repeat the denial... I did not at any time deliver any official documents to Mr. Chambers or any unauthorized person." [17]
While Lloyd Paul Stryker led during Hiss's first trial, Rosenberg's name remained among his legal defense. [18] [19] Again, when Claude B. Cross led during Hiss's second trial later in 1949, Rosenwald's name appears on his defense team along with McLean and Robert von Mehren. [20]
By 1952, Rosenwald was "the legal representative to the Tito Government." [5]
In 1958, Rosenwald represented Lovander Ladner in a Federal case against (in which Ladner was convicted for assaulting police officers). [21]
In 1959–1960, Rosenwald represented defendants Goldfine and Paperman in an appeal case before the U.S. District Court with Judge Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr. presiding (in which Goldfine and Paperman lost). [22] [23]
In 1972, he represented Harvard student agencies in their pursuit of contraceptive sales at the university. [24]
When Allen Weinstein's Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case came out in 1978, it quoted Rosenwald about the psychological argument:
The psychiatric theory has been criticized because it may be regarded as an unjustified smear of Chambers as a homosexual. Surely we intend to smear Chambers in any event. I have no objection to such smearing .... I see little difference between smearing Chambers as a homosexual and smearing him as a liar, a thief and a scoundrel. [25]
In 1980, a review of John Lowenthal's documentary The Trials of Alger Hiss mentioned Rosenwald (along with Robert E. Stripling, Congressman F. Edward Hebert, the Rev. John F. Cronin, and journalist Ralph de Toledano) as among the "most informative" who helped counter "Lowenthal's own bias." [26]
In 1943, Rosenwald married Betty Booth. They had a son, Malcolm, a daughter Martha and son Stuart Harold. (Mrs. Rosenwald died in 2004.) [27] [28]
Rosenwald died age 82 of Parkinson's disease in Lexington, Massachusetts. [2]
Alger Hiss was an American government official accused in 1948 of having spied for the Soviet Union in the 1930s. The statute of limitations had expired for espionage, but he was convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950. Before the trial Hiss was involved in the establishment of the United Nations, both as a US State Department official and as a UN official. In later life, he worked as a lecturer and author.
Whittaker Chambers was an American writer and intelligence agent. After early years as a Communist Party member (1925) and Soviet spy (1932–1938), he defected from the Soviet underground (1938), worked for Time magazine (1939–1948), and then testified about the Ware Group in what became the Hiss case for perjury (1949–1950), often referred to as the trial of the century, all described in his 1952 memoir Witness. Afterwards, he worked as a senior editor at National Review (1957–1959). US President Ronald Reagan awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously in 1984.
Donald Hiss, also known as "Donie" and "Donnie", was the younger brother of Alger Hiss. Donald Hiss's name was mentioned during the 1948 hearings wherein his more famous and older brother, Alger, was accused of spying for the Soviet Union, and two years later convicted of perjury before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).
Helen Lehman Buttenwieser was a 20th-century American lawyer, philanthropist, and later-life legal counselor of Alger Hiss.
John F. Davis was an American lawyer, law clerk, and law professor whose career included work on the defense team of Alger Hiss from 1948 to 1950" and ten years of service as the 14th Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States from September 1, 1961 to August 31, 1970.
William Ward Pigman was a chairman of the Department of Biochemistry at New York Medical College, and a suspected Soviet Union spy as part of the "Karl group" for Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU).
Perjury: The Hiss–Chambers Case is a 1978 book by Allen Weinstein on the Alger Hiss perjury case. The book, in which Weinstein argues that Alger Hiss was guilty, has been cited by many historians as the "most important" and the "most thorough and convincing" book on the Hiss–Chambers case. Weinstein drew upon 30,000 pages of FBI documents released through the Freedom of Information Act, the files of the Hiss defense attorneys, over 80 interviews with involved parties and six interviews with Hiss himself. In 1997, Weinstein published an updated and revised edition of Perjury, which incorporated recent evidence from Venona project decrypted cables, released documents from Soviet intelligence archives and information from former Soviet intelligence operatives.
Edward Cochrane McLean was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
Harold I. Cammer was an American lawyer who co-founded the National Lawyers Guild. He was known for his participation in labor law, civil rights, peace and justice issues, and freedom of speech cases; in particular, defending those accused of communist leanings.
Elinor Ferry (1915–1993) was an American journalist, labor organizer, and socialist. She was member of the Independent-Socialist Party and lifelong supporter of Alger Hiss. She was married for about a decade to The Nation publisher George Kirstein.
W. Marvin Smith was a long-time employee and attorney in the U.S. Department of Justice who testified in the Hiss-Chambers Case in August 1948 and then mysteriously died on October 20, 1948.
Alexander Morton Campbell (1907–1968) was an Indiana lawyer who served in the United States Department of Justice as Assistant U.S. Attorney General for the Criminal Division, formally from August 1948 through December 20, 1949, under Tom C. Clark as U.S. Attorney General (1945–49).
Lloyd Paul Stryker was a 20th-century American attorney known as a "flamboyant criminal lawyer" and "perhaps the most celebrated criminal lawyer since Clarence Darrow", best known as chief of defense in the first criminal trial of Alger Hiss for perjury in 1949.
Nathan Levine was an American labor lawyer and real estate attorney in Brooklyn, New York, who, as attorney for his uncle, Whittaker Chambers, testified regarding his uncle's "life preserver." This packet included papers handwritten by Alger Hiss and Harry Dexter White, as well as typewritten by the Hiss Family's Woodstock typewriter. It also included microfilm, paraded to the public by U.S. Representative Richard M. Nixon and HUAC investigator Robert E. Stripling, dubbed the "Pumpkin Papers" by the press, which helped lead to the U.S. Department of Justice to indict Hiss for perjury.
William Luke Marbury Jr. was a prominent 20th-century American lawyer who practiced with his family's law firm of Marbury, Miller & Evans. He was known to be a childhood friend of alleged Soviet spy Alger Hiss.
John Lowenthal (1925–2003) was a 20th-century American lawyer, civil servant, law professor, and documentary filmmaker, who defended the name and reputation of family friend Alger Hiss almost all his life.
George M. Fay (1909–1957) was a 20th-century American lawyer who twice served as United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, first in 1946, then 1947–1951.
Priscilla Hiss, born Priscilla Fansler and first married as Priscilla Hobson, was a 20th-century American teacher and book editor, best known as the wife of Alger Hiss, an alleged Communist and former State Department official whose innocence she supported with testimony throughout his two, highly publicized criminal trials in 1949.
Chester T. Lane (1905–1959) was counsel to the newly formed Security and Exchange Commission, a Lend-Lease administrator, and later, as a partner at Beer, Richards, Lane, Haller & Buttenwieser, served as defense counsel to Alger Hiss during appeal.
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