Harry Cook | |
---|---|
Born | Henry Wilson Cook 1949 (age 74–75) South Shields, Tyne and Wear, UK |
Residence | Haltwhistle, Northumberland, UK |
Style | Shotokan Karate, Goju-ryu Karate |
Teacher(s) | Keinosuke Enoeda, Morio Higaonna |
Rank | 7th dan karate |
Henry Wilson Cook (born 1949), widely known as Harry Cook, is a former British martial artist, teacher, and author, [1] [2] and convicted sex offender. He has written several martial art books, most notably Shotokan Karate: A precise history (2001). [3] Cook began training in karate in 1966, [4] [5] and was the Chief Instructor of the Seijinkai Karatedo Association, [1] [5] a school he founded to teach his own style of karate. [2] [6] He holds the rank of 7th dan in karate. [2] [7] He admitted to numerous sexual offenses over the course of 26 years, including indecent assault, sexual assault, making indecent and possessing pornographic images of children, and was given a 10-year prison sentence in June 2012. [8] [9]
Cook was born in 1949 in South Shields, England. [2] He began training in the martial arts in 1966, learning karate from two schoolmates. [4] They belonged to a Wado-ryu school, [4] [5] which he joined in September 1966. [5] Subsequently, the Wado-ryu instructors moved from the area, [4] and Cook joined Ken Smith's Shotokan-ryu dojo (training hall) in Sunderland. [5] In the late 1960s, Cook was one of the first British karate students to train under Keinosuke Enoeda. [2] [4] Having completed secondary school, he held the rank of 4th kyu in karate. [4]
Cook studied surveying for a year, but then moved on to studying Chinese language at Durham University. [4] At university, he came into contact with Rose Li, one of the lecturers, who taught Cook tai chi. [4] In 1970, Cook established the Durham University Karate Club, [10] which became affiliated to the Karate Union of Great Britain. [4] He was tested for 1st kyu by Andy Sherry. [4] In 1973, Cook received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Chinese studies from Durham University. [11] A year later, he earned a Postgraduate Certificate in Education from the same institution. [1]
Cook embarked on a career as a schoolteacher, but this was to be short-lived—only around two years. [4] He successfully applied for a job in Japan. [4] Cook had originally planned to travel to China, but, as he recalled in a 1988 interview, "at that time it was difficult to enter, so I opted for Japan as it was more Westernized and more modern." [4] Arriving in Japan in the mid-1970s, Cook started work as a teacher of the English language. [5] He had intended to visit the Japan Karate Association, [4] [5] but Terry O'Neill recommended visiting Morio Higaonna's Goju-ryu karate dojo, which Cook did. [4] While he trained under Hirokazu Kanazawa occasionally, and also studied sword and stick fighting arts, most of his training was under Higaonna. [5] In interviews conducted years later, Cook would speak very positively of Higaonna. [4] [5]
After two years, Cook had reached 2nd dan. [4] His work contract completed, he returned to England, but only stayed six months before coming back to Japan. [4] He settled in Kyoto and began studying butokukan and naginata. [4] Cook eventually returned to the United Kingdom, and was based in Haltwhistle, Northumberland. [12]
Cook founded his own school, the Seijinkai Karatedo Association, to teach his blend of Shotokan and Goju-ryu karate styles. [2] The association now has branches in Ireland, Norway, and the United States of America, as well as the United Kingdom. [2]
In May 2011, Cook appeared in Newcastle Magistrates' Court facing charges of sexual assault. [13] He pleaded guilty to charges in regard to a female from March 2006 to February 2011 and was held on remand awaiting sentencing at Newcastle Crown Court. [14] In January 2012, Cook pleaded guilty to a further 29 charges, including indecent assault, sexual assault, making indecent images of children and possessing indecent images of children, a pornographic image of a child and a prohibited image of a child. [8] [9] In June 2012, he was sentenced to 10 years. [9] [15] Cook's family, who have renounced him, expressed their support and sympathy for the victims, and their utter condemnation of his actions. [9]
Cook's best-known work is probably Shotokan Karate: A precise history, [3] which Dragon Times editor J. N. Edwards has described as "certainly the best book on Shotokan, probably the best karate book ever published in the English language." [16] An independent assessment by Rob Redmond concluded that, for students of Shotokan karate, "there cannot be a better resource than Harry Cook's famous Shotokan Karate: A Precise History." [17] One criticism has been that Cook should have provided more interpretation of the verbatim quotations; "While [the use of exact quotes] is exemplary and well intentioned, it was, for me, one of the few 'turnoffs' in the book. Sometimes we need Mr. Cook to provide his view and interpretation of what those he interviewed meant, as the exact phrasings uttered often beg for such historical analysis," wrote Tom Militello. [18] A second edition of this book was published in August 2009. [12]
Cook's other books include: Samurai: The story of a warrior tradition (1993), [19] The way of the warrior: Essays on the martial arts (1999/2004, two volumes), [20] [21] The Shotokan Karate book of quotes (2001, co-authored), [22] Karate (2005), [23] and Extreme survival (2006, co-authored). [24] Cook is a Contributing Editor for Classical Fighting Arts, [25] which was formerly Dragon Times until March 2003. [26] [27] [28] He has written several articles for Dragon Times. [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35]
Reflecting on his contribution to karate scholarship, Cook has said: "I am deeply interested in history and I came to understand that many of the myths prevalent in karate were derived from an abysmal understanding of the history and evolution of karate. So I decided to light a candle against the dark!! Have I achieved my objective? Not really … the same myths are still heard over and over again … but maybe one [or] two people have been pointed in the right direction." [5]
Karate (空手), also karate-do, is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom. It developed from the indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts under the influence of Chinese martial arts. While modern karate is primarily a striking art that uses punches and kicks, traditional karate also employs throwing and joint locking techniques. A karate practitioner is called a karate-ka (空手家).
Shotokan is a style of karate, developed from various martial arts by Gichin Funakoshi (1868–1957) and his son Gigo (Yoshitaka) Funakoshi (1906–1945). Gichin Funakoshi was born in Okinawa and is widely credited with popularizing "karate do" through a series of public demonstrations, and by promoting the development of university karate clubs, including those at Keio, Waseda, Hitotsubashi (Shodai), Takushoku, Chuo, Gakushuin, and Hosei.
Gōjū-ryū (剛柔流), Japanese for "hard-soft style", is one of the main traditional Okinawa styles of karate, featuring a combination of hard and soft techniques. Both principles, hard and soft, come from the famous martial arts book used by Okinawan masters during the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bubishi. Gō, which means hard, refers to closed hand techniques or straight linear attacks; jū, which means soft, refers to open hand techniques and circular movements. Gōjū-ryū incorporates both circular and linear movements into its curriculum, combining hard striking attacks such as kicks and close hand punches with softer open hand circular techniques for attacking, blocking, and controlling the opponent, including joint locks, grappling, takedowns, and throws.
Shitō-ryū (糸東流) is a form of karate that was founded in 1934 by Kenwa Mabuni. Shitō-ryū is synthesis of the Okinawan Shuri-te and Naha-te schools of karate and today is considered one of the four main styles of the art.
Shōrei-ryū is a style of Okinawan karate and is one of the two oldest karate styles, alongside Shōrin-ryū. It was developed at the end of the 19th century by Higaonna Kanryō in Naha, Okinawa, Japan.
Keigo Abe was a prominent Japanese master of Shotokan karate who founded the Japan Shotokan Karate Association in 1999 and is its Chief Instructor. He held the rank of 9th dan in karate, was a direct student of Masatoshi Nakayama (1913–1987), and was a senior instructor in the Japan Karate Association.
Hironori Ōtsuka[a] was a Japanese master of karate who created the Wadō-ryū style of karate. He was the first Grand Master of Wadō-ryū karate, and received high awards within Japan for his contributions to karate.
Chōjun Miyagi was an Okinawan martial artist who founded the Gōjū-ryū school of karate by blending Okinawan and Chinese influences.
Shindo Jinen Ryu (神道自然流) is a form of karate that was founded in 1933 by Yasuhiro Konishi.
Chitō-ryū (千唐流) is a style of karate founded by Dr. Tsuyoshi Chitose, (1898-1984). The name of the style translates as: chi (千) - 1,000; tō (唐) - China; ryū (流) - style, school, "1,000 year old Chinese style." The character tō (唐) refers to the Tang dynasty of China. The style was officially founded in 1946.
Gichin Funakoshi was the founder of Shotokan karate. He is known as a "father of modern karate". Following the teachings of Anko Itosu and Anko Asato, he was one of the Okinawan karate masters who introduced karate to the Japanese mainland in 1922, following its earlier introduction by his teacher Itosu. He taught karate at various Japanese universities and became honorary head of the Japan Karate Association upon its establishment in 1949. In addition to being a karate master, Funakoshi was an avid poet and philosopher. His son, Gigō Funakoshi, is widely credited with developing the foundation of the modern karate Shotokan style.
The Japan Karate Federation (JKF), a.k.a. Japan Karatedo Federation, is a national governing body of the sport karate in Japan. The JKF is officially affiliated with the Japan Olympic Association (JOC), World Karate Federation (WKF), Japan Sports Association (JSA), and Japanese Budō Association (JBA). The styles recognized by the JKF are Wadō-ryū, Shotokan, Shito-ryu, and Goju-ryu. Its headquarter is located in Tokyo, Japan.
Arakaki Seishō was a prominent Okinawan martial artist and master of Tōde who influenced the development of several major karate styles. He was known by many other names, including Aragaki Tsuji Pechin Seisho.
Okinawan martial arts refers to the martial arts, such as karate, tegumi and kobudō, which originated among the indigenous people of Okinawa Island. Due to its central location, Okinawa was influenced by various cultures with a long history of trade and cultural exchange, including Japan, China and Southeast Asia, that greatly influenced the development of martial arts on Okinawa.
Kanken Tōyama was a Japanese schoolteacher and karate master, who developed the foundation for the Shūdōkan karate style.
Keinosuke Enoeda was a Japanese master of Shotokan karate. He was a former Chief Instructor of the Karate Union of Great Britain. Enoeda was ranked 8th dan in Shotokan karate, and was widely renowned as a formidable karateka. Following his death, Enoeda was posthumously awarded the rank of 9th dan.
Morio Higaonna is a prominent Okinawan karate practitioner who is the founder and former Chief Instructor of the International Okinawan Goju-ryu Karate-do Federation (IOGKF). He is a holder of the highest rank in Goju-ryu karate, 10th dan. Higaonna has written several books on Goju-ryu karate, including Traditional Karate-do: Okinawa Goju Ryu (1985) and The history of Karate: Okinawan Goju Ryu (2001). Martial arts scholar Donn Draeger (1922–1982) reportedly once described him as "the most dangerous man in Japan in a real fight."
A number of karate techniques are used to deliver strikes to the human body. These techniques are delivered from a number of stances. The karateka uses a number of blocks to protect themselves against these strikes.
Japan Karatedo Federation Renbukai is a Bōgutsuki Karate organization.
Bōgutsuki Karate is one of the competition formats of Karate. It is also known as bōgu karate, bōgu-tsuki shiai (防具付試合), bōgu-tsuki kumite.