Harwich refinery

Last updated
Harwich refinery
CountryUnited Kingdom
CityHarwich
Coordinates 51°56′32″N1°14′18″E / 51.94222°N 1.23833°E / 51.94222; 1.23833
Refinery details
OperatorHaltermann Carless
Owner(s)Haltermann Carless
Commissioned1964 by Carless, Capel and Leonard Limited
Capacity500,000 tonnes per year
No. of employees100 (2022)
No. of oil tanks170

Harwich refinery is a 500,000 tonnes per year refining, processing, blending and storage facility near the port of Harwich in the UK. The refinery was commissioned in 1964 to process petroleum-based feedstocks into specialist hydrocarbon solvents.

Contents

History

The Carless Company was founded by Eugene Carless in 1859 to process naphtha and the by-products of coal gas production into solvents, petrol and diesel fuel. [1] The company was known as Carless Capel when it was purchased by John Hare Leonard in 1873. It operated from sites in Hackney Wick and Bow in East London. The company was floated on the stock market in December 1948 as Carless, Capel and Leonard Limited. [1]

In the late 1950s and the early 1960s the British gas industry experimented with the use of oil-based rather than coal-based feedstocks to manufacture town gas. [2] Carless realised that these changes would reduce the feedstock available for its processes and therefore also began to use petroleum-based feedstock available from oil refineries. [1]

With the advent of North Sea gas in 1967 a further feedstock became available; condensate was produced with natural gas and was separated from the gas at shore terminals such as at Bacton, Norfolk. [2]

Harwich refinery

Harwich refinery was built on a 38 acre (15.4 hectare) site at Parkeston Harwich in 1964 at a cost of £600,000. [1] In its first year it processed 14,000 tonnes using a batch distillation plant. [3] This represented about half of the petroleum solvents used in Britain at that time. Such solvents were used in chemicals, rubber, paint, printing ink, adhesive and pharmaceuticals. Other refinery products included chemical naphtha (for petrochemicals), kerosine fuel, and hydrocarbon resins. [1]

In 1968 the original plant at Harwich was expanded which doubled the refining capability. In 1971 Carless entered into a contract with Phillips/Arpet to take all the condensate it produced at Bacton. [1] Condensate is pumped from Bacton to North Walsham via a pipeline. At North Walsham, adjacent to the railway station, condensate is routed to storage tanks; periodically rail wagons are filled from the tanks and are transferred to Harwich refinery by rail. Harwich refinery has 3 railway sidings. [4] In addition to the railway connection there is a jetty in the River Stour capable of handling vessels of up to 14,000 tonnes displacement and a draught of 7.5m. [5]

In 1981 an extraction plant was added to the facilities at Harwich costing £2m. [6]

In 1990/1 a 3-column vacuum distillation unit was commissioned which increased the capacity by 50 percent. [7]

The following distillation plant is operational in 2022. [5]

Harwich refinery distillation plant
PlantEquipment/ columnCapacityOperating conditionsHeating mediumColumn internals
Batch distillation plantBatch Still 145 m32.04 barg & full vacuumSteam 10 barg 184 °C40 pairs sieve trays
Batch Still 290 m343 pairs sieve trays
Condensate distillation plantColumn 130 tonnes per hour2.4 barg & full vacuumMineral oil 298 °C40 valve trays
Column 22.4 barg & full vacuum40 valve trays
Column 31.7 barg & full vacuum20 valve trays
Column 43.0 barg & full vacuum4 stages of structured packing
High vacuum distillation plantColumn 125 tonnes per hour1.5 barg & full vacuumSynthetic oil 320 °C26 valve trays
Column 236 stages of structured packing
Column 336 stages of structured packing

The storage capacity of the site amounts to 150,000 m3 in 170 storage tanks of 12 m3 to 15,000 m3. [5]

Ownership

In 1989 Carless Refining & Marketing and Carless Petrochem UK were acquired by Repsol SA. [8] 1990 In 2000 Repsol sold the Carless companies to Petrochem UK which formed Petrochem Carless. Meanwhile, Dow Chemical acquired the Haltermann company in 2003, which was then later acquired by H.I.G. Capital in 2011. This led to the establishment of the new Holding company, HCS Group. Petrochem Carless was acquired by HCS Group in 2013, and was renamed Haltermann Carless. [5]

The company’s registered office in 1971 was Petrol House Hepscott Road Hackney Wick London E9 5HD. [1]

There were about 20 employees in 1964, this increased to 270 employees in 1971 and is about 100 today. [5] [1]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Carless, Capel & Leonard Offer for Sale of Shares". The Times. 13 December 1971. p. 16.
  2. 1 2 Scott Wilson, D (1969). The Modern Gas Industry London. London: Edward Arnold. pp. 19–34, 55–59.
  3. ↑ "HSC Group celebrate 50th anniversary of its refinery in Harwich". Energy Monitor. 23 June 2014.
  4. ↑ Brailsford, Martyn (2020). Railway Track Diagrams Book 2:Eastern. Frome: Trackmaps. pp. 9B. ISBN   9781999627133.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Harwich – a versatile production site 2022". www.haltermann-carless.com. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  6. ↑ Gunn, Catherine (3 June 1981). "Carless slumps to £3m but raises dividend". The Times. p. 4.
  7. ↑ "5 million pound plant investment". Petroleum Times. 1 September 1990. p. 10.
  8. ↑ "Repsol-YPF sells Carless to Petrochem". Chemical Week. 18 October 2000.
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