Hassan Al Alfi (Arabic :حسنالألفي;3 March 1936 –3 November 2021) was an Egyptian police major and politician,who served as governor and interior minister of Egypt from 1993 to 1997. He resigned from office following the Luxor massacre.
Alfi was the governor of Asyut province until 18 April 1993. [1] [2] He was appointed interior minister by President Hosni Mubarak to the cabinet headed by Prime Minister Atef Sedki on 18 April 1993,replacing Abdul Halim Moussa in the post. [2] [3] Alfi was not a member of Mubarak's party when he was appointed. [4] Alfi implemented heavy-handed security steps to crack down on the Islamist militants,reducing their hit-and-run attacks during his tenure. [5]
Alfi resigned from office on 18 November 1997,the day after more than 60 people were murdered by Gama'a al Islamiyya in Luxor. [6] [7] He was succeeded by Habib Al Adli as interior minister. [8] [9]
Alfi survived an assassination attempt in Cairo perpetrated allegedly by Islamist militants on 18 August 1993. [1] [10] However,he was seriously injured in the attack which claimed the lives of at least four people,one of whom was his bodyguard. [1] [11] Egyptian Islamic Jihad was the perpetrator of the attack. [12]
Alfi was tried in Cairo's criminal court due to the allegations of corruption and abuse of power in 1998. [13] The claims were brought by the lawyers of Al Shaab newspaper,an Islamist-oriented daily. [13] [14] The same year the editor-in-chief and a cartoonist of the paper were arrested and sentenced to prison for alleged defamation of Alaa Al Alfi,son of Hassan Al Alfi. [15]
Hassan Al Alfi died on 3 November 2021. [16] [17] His funeral ceremony was held on 4 November. [17]
Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman,,commonly known in the United States as "The Blind Sheikh",was a blind Egyptian Islamist militant who served a life sentence at the Federal Medical Center,Butner near Butner,North Carolina,United States. Formerly a resident of New York City,Abdel-Rahman and nine others were convicted of seditious conspiracy in 1995. His prosecution grew out of investigations of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
Al-Jamāʻah al-islāmīyah is an Egyptian Sunni Islamist movement,and is considered a terrorist organization by the United Kingdom and the European Union,but was removed from the United States list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations in May 2022. The group was dedicated to the overthrow of the Egyptian government and replacing it with an Islamic state. Following the coup that toppled Mohamed Morsi,the group has committed to peaceful activities.
The Luxor massacre was a terrorist attack that occurred on 17 November 1997 in Egypt. It was perpetrated by al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and resulted in the deaths of 62 people,most of whom were tourists. It took place at Dayr al-Bahri,an archaeological site located across the Nile from the city of Luxor.
Habib Ibrahim El-Adly is a former Egyptian politician. He served as interior minister of Egypt from November 1997 to January 2011. He was the longest serving interior minister under President Hosni Mubarak.
Terrorism in Egypt in the 20th and 21st centuries has targeted the Egyptian government officials,Egyptian police and Egyptian army members,tourists,Sufi Mosques and the Christian minority. Many attacks have been linked to Islamic extremism,and terrorism increased in the 1990s when the Islamist movement al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya targeted high-level political leaders and killed hundreds –including civilians –in its pursuit of implementing traditional Sharia law in Egypt.
The Vanguards of Conquest is a terrorist organization that was originally founded in 1993 as a branch of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad operating in Somalia but became a separate faction that eventually folded back into the group under the leadership of Ayman al-Zawahiri. The revived group is currently led by Magdy Salem. The group has intervened to stop jihadis in the Sinai Peninsula from attacking Israel.
The Ministry of Interior of Egypt is a part of the Cabinet of Egypt. It is responsible for law enforcement in Egypt.
Yasser Tawfiq Ali El-Sirri is an Egyptian militant connected to the Vanguards of Conquest and al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya,sentenced to death in the 1998 Returnees from Albania trial.
An alleged former military chief of al-Jihad,Adil Awad Siyam was killed by police in an April 1994 operation in Giza,Egypt.
The 2011 Alexandria bombing was an attack on Coptic Christians in Alexandria,Egypt,on Saturday,1 January 2011. 23 people died and another 97 were injured as a result of the attack,which occurred as Christian worshipers were leaving a New Year service. The attack was the deadliest act of violence against Egypt's Coptic Christians in a decade,since the Kosheh massacre in 2000 left 20 Copts dead. The target of the bombing was the Saints Church,a Coptic church located across the street from the Masjid Sharq El-Madina mosque.
On 6 October 1981,Anwar Sadat,the 3rd President of Egypt,was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate Operation Badr,during which the Egyptian Army had crossed the Suez Canal and taken back the Sinai Peninsula from Israel at the beginning of the Yom Kippur War. The assassination was undertaken by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Although the motive has been debated,Sadat's assassination likely stemmed from Islamists who opposed Sadat's peace initiative with Israel and the United States relating to the Camp David Accords.
The Sinai insurgency was an insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt,launched by Islamist militants against Egyptian security forces,which also included attacks on civilians. The insurgency began during the Egyptian Crisis,during which the longtime Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak was overthrown in the 2011 Egyptian revolution.
The 2012–2013 Egyptian protests were part of the crisis in Egypt including the June 2013 protests,the July 2013 coup d'état,and part of the post-coup unrest. They saw varying opposition against three contiguous heads of state;namely,the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF),Muslim Brotherhood,and the de facto ruling Egyptian Armed Forces.
Zaki Badr was an Egyptian major general and the former interior minister of Egypt who served in the post from 1986 to 1990 in the Sedki Cabinet. Badr had a confrontational approach during his term.
Hassan Abu Basha was a major general and one of the former ministers of interior of Egypt who was in office for two years from January 1982 to July 1984.
Abdul Halim Moussa was an Egyptian police major general and interior minister who was in office from 1990 to 1993.
Protests against the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état erupted in July 2013. Immediately following the removal of President Mohamed Morsi by the Egyptian Armed Forces on 3 July 2013 amid demonstrations against Morsi's rule,many protesters amassed near the Rabia Al-Adawiya Mosque to call for Morsi's return to power and condemn the military,while others demonstrated in support of the military and interim government. Deadly clashes such as Rabaa massacre continued for several days,with three particularly bloody incidents being described by officials as "massacres" perpetrated by security forces. During the month of Ramadan,prime minister Hazem al-Beblawy threatened to disperse the ongoing Pro-Morsi sit-ins in Rabaa al-Adaweya square and al-Nahda square. The government crackdown of these protests occurred in a violent dispersal on 14 August 2013. In mid-August,the violence directed by the army towards the protesters escalated,with hundreds killed,and the government declaring a month-long nighttime curfew.
The Egyptian Islamic Jihad,formerly called simply Islamic Jihad and the Liberation Army for Holy Sites,originally referred to as al-Jihad,and then the Jihad Group,or the Jihad Organization,was an Egyptian Islamist group active from the late 1970's until its 2001 merger with Al-Qaeda. It was long considered an affiliate of Al-Qaeda and under worldwide embargo by the United Nations. It was also banned by several individual governments worldwide. The group is a proscribed terrorist group organization in the United Kingdom under the Terrorism Act 2000.
Tora Prison is an Egyptian prison complex for criminal and political detainees,located in Tora,Egypt. The complex is situated in front of the Tora El Balad metro station. The main buildings in the Tora Prison complex are Tora Agricultural Prison,Tora Liman,Tora Istiqbal (reception),Tora El Mahkoum and Tora Supermax prison,also known as Scorpion Prison.
In July 2013,at the same time as mass protests began against the 3 July coup d'état which deposed Mohamed Morsi,and in parallel with the escalation of the already ongoing jihadist insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula,pro-Muslim Brotherhood militants started violent attacks against policemen and soldiers in central and western Egypt. In the following months,new Islamist armed groups were created to reinstate Islamist rule in Egypt,like Soldiers of Egypt and the Popular Resistance Movement. Since 2013,violence in mainland Egypt has escalated and developed into a low-level Islamist insurgency against the Egyptian government.