Hayden Lockhart

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Hayden Lockhart
Hayden Lockhart, 1973.jpg
Lockhart in 1973
Born (1938-06-16) June 16, 1938 (age 84)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branch United States Air Force
Years of service1961–1981
Rank Lieutenant Colonel
Unit 613th Tactical Fighter Squadron
Battles/wars Vietnam War
Awards Silver Star
Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross
Bronze Star Medal (2)

Hayden James Lockhart (born June 16, 1938) is a retired United States Air Force officer who is best known for being the first U.S. Air Force pilot to be shot down in North Vietnam. [1]

Contents

Early life

Lockhart was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1961 from the United States Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Military career

Early career

Lockhart was originally stationed at Luke Air Force Base, where he attended Fighter Gunnery School.[ citation needed ]

Lockhart was commissioned a second lieutenant on June 7, 1961. He was assigned to the 613th Tactical Fighter Squadron, flying the North American F-100 Super Sabre. He arrived in Vietnam in 1964. [2] : 96 

Vietnam shoot down

F-100 same aircraft Lockhart was flying when shot down F-100F 416th TFS Phu Cat.jpg
F-100 same aircraft Lockhart was flying when shot down
Display of captured US pilot and equipment at the Vinh city Military Museum, not far from where Lockhart's aircraft went down. Vinh City Military Museum Region IV Picture 1.jpg
Display of captured US pilot and equipment at the Vinh city Military Museum, not far from where Lockhart's aircraft went down.

Lockhart was shot down March 2, 1965, when he was forced to eject over North Vietnam. [3] After his ejection he evaded capture until March 12, 1965.

“…By summer 1965, more than thirty American airmen had been killed or were presumed missing in action and a dozen had been captured, including the first Air Force POW, Lieutenant Hayden Lockhart. The Navy pilots in this group included Lieutenant Commanders Robert H Shumaker, Raymond Vohden and Lieutenants Phillip Butler and John McKamey…" [4] [3]

Prisoner of War in North Vietnam: 1965 to 1973

Map of the locations of the US Prisoners of War in Hanoi Hanoi Hilton Map.jpg
Map of the locations of the US Prisoners of War in Hanoi

Hayden was the third American captured in North Vietnam, and the first Air Force pilot captured in the North during the Vietnam War. [5] [3]

Lockhart spent his time in captivity at several prisoner of war (POW) locations: New Guy Village 1965; Heartbreak Hotel 1965; The Briarpatch in August 1965; Zoo 1966; [6] Zoo Annex 1967; Camp Unity at Hỏa Lò Prison (also known as the Hanoi Hilton); [7] Dogpatch (9 miles south of the Chinese border) May 1972; and Hỏa Lò prison again in January 1973.

On July 6, 1966, 52 US prisoners of war were taken on the March of Hanoi. [8] [1] The prisoners were paraded, handcuffed in pairs, [9] and marched down the main street of Hanoi while angry crowds of people screamed, spat and threw objects at them. [1] [10] A photograph, [11] (published in Look magazine in 1970) showed Lockhart supporting fellow prisoner of war, Phil Butler, who was dazed after being struck by a thrown bottle. [12]

The prisoners supported each other and communicated using a tap code that Lockhart's fellow POW, Carlyle "Smitty" Harris, had learned in a survival school. [12] [13] He was released during "Operation Homecoming" on February 12, 1973. [3]

After release

Lockhart received an Air Force Institute of Technology assignment to the University of Southern California at Los Angeles to complete his graduate degree.[ citation needed ]

After Vietnam

Lockheart's final assignment was on the staff of the Air Force Inspection and Safety Center at Norton AFB, California, from February 1980 until his retirement from the Air Force on December 31, 1981.[ citation needed ]

Lockhart retired as a lieutenant colonel in 1981.

Honors and awards

Hayden Lockhart Awards and honors
Silver Star medal.png
Silver Star
POWM.jpg
Prisoner of War Medal

Lockhart received the Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross and Prisoner of War Medal, all after his service in the Vietnam War.

Bibliography

  1. Alvarez, Everett and Schreiner, Samuel. Code of Conduct: An Inspirational story of self-healing by the famed ex-pow and war hero, (1991) Donald L Fine, publisher New York. ISBN   1556113102
  2. Borling, John: Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton, Master Wing Publishing, Pritzker Military Museum and Library 2013 first published as Poems for Pilots (and other people.) ISBN   978-0-615-65905-3
  3. Head, William and Grinter Lawrence E;Looking Back on the Vietnam War: A 1990's Perspective on the Decisions, Combat, and Legacies. 1993 Greenwood Press, Westport Connecticut ISBN   0-313-28869-0
  4. Wyatt, Captain and Mrs. Frederick A. Wyatt. We Came Home (1977) POW publications; Toluca Lake CA.
  5. Coffee, Gerald. Beyond Survival: Building on the Hard Times- a POW's inspiring story. (1990) GP Putnam's Sons New York ISBN   0399134166

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Powell, Stewart (August 1999). "Honor Bound". Air Force Magazine: 92–100. Archived from the original on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
  2. ↑ Rochester, Stuart I., 1945– (1999). Honor bound : American prisoners of war in Southeast Asia, 1961–1973. Kiley, Frederick T. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   1557506949. OCLC   39706922.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. 1 2 3 4 Hubbell, John G (1976). POW : A Definitive History of the American Prisoner- of- War Experience in Vietnam, 1964–1973. New York: Reader's Digest Press. pp.  40–41, 95, 191–192, 599. ISBN   0883490919.
  4. ↑ Rochester, Stuart I. (1998). Honor Bound: Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia, 1961 -1973. US Naval Institute Press: Naval Institute Press. pp. 40, 598. ISBN   1557506949.
  5. ↑ Combat Area Casualties Data Base, Military personnel who were prisoners of war (April 28, 2019). "National Archives and Records Administration". Archived from the original on July 25, 2007.
  6. ↑ Stockdale, Jim; Stockdale, Sybil (1984). In Love and War: the story of a family's ordeal and sacrifice during the Vietnam War . New York, New York: Harper and Row. pp.  157–160. ISBN   9780060153182.
  7. ↑ Return with honor, Hanks, Tom., Mock, Freida Lee., Sanders, Terry., Wiser, Christine Zurbach., American Film Foundation., Sanders & Mock Productions., PBS, 2001, ISBN   0780634292, OCLC   48583518 , retrieved 2019-06-19{{citation}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ↑ Rochester, Stuart I, The Battle Behind the Bars: Navy and Marine POW's in the Vietnam War: 2010, Naval Historical Foundation www.history.navy.mil /
  9. ↑ Coffee, Gerald (1990). Beyond Survival: Building on the Hard Times- A POW's inspiring story. New York: GP Putnam's. pp.  143–166. ISBN   0399134166.
  10. ↑ Stockstill, Lewis R (October 1969). "A Special Report on POW's: The forgotten Americans of the Vietnam War". Air Force and Space Digest: The Magazine of Aerospace Power.
  11. ↑ Atwood, William A (May 5, 1970). "editorial: What about the POW's?". Look. Cowles Communication Inc. 34: 68.
  12. 1 2 Fretwell, Peter. (2013). Lessons from the Hanoi Hilton : Six Characteristics of High Performance teams. Kiland, Taylor Baldwin, 1966–, London, J. Phillip, 1937–. Annapolis, Maryland. ISBN   9781612512174. OCLC   813910294.
  13. ↑ Borling, John (2013). Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton. Pritzker Military Library: Master Wings Publishing. pp. 1–8. ISBN   978-0-615-65905-3.
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