Health in the Solomon Islands

Last updated

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative [1] finds that the Solomon Islands is fulfilling 78.8% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. [2] When looking at the right to health with respect to children, the Solomon Islands achieves 100.0% of what is expected based on its current income. [3] In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 97.6% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. [4] Solomon Islands falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 38.9% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available. [5]

Contents

Female life expectancy at birth was at 66.7 years and male life expectancy at birth at 64.9 in 2007. [6] 1990–1995 fertility rate was at 5.5 births per woman. [6] Government expenditure on health per capita was at US$99 (PPP). [6] Healthy life expectancy at birth is at 60 years. [6]

Blond hair occurs in 10% of the population in the islands. [7] After years of questions, studies have resulted in the better understanding of the blond gene. The findings show that the blond hair trait is due to an amino acid change of protein TYRP1. [8] This accounts for the highest occurrence of blond hair outside of European influence in the world. [9] While 10% of Solomon Islanders display the blond phenotype, about 26% of the population carry the recessive trait for it as well. [10]

Communicable diseases

About 35% deaths occurred in 2008 due to communicable diseases and maternal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions. [11] Solomon Islands had 13 cumulative HIV cases from 1994 to 2009 and between 2000 and 2011 confirmed malaria cases decreased steadily. [11] In 2017 lower respiratory infections accounted for 11.18%, neonatal disorders for 3.59%, STI (excluding HIV) for 2.9% of total deaths. [12]

Noncommunicable diseases

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are prime causes of deaths in Pacific islands, and responsible for 60% deaths in Solomon Islands. [13] Premature mortality from NCDs was 1900 in 2016. [14] Ischemic heart disease, stroke and diabetes were the main causes of mortality due to NCDs in 2017. [12]

Sustainable development goals and Solomon Islands

Over last two decades Solomon Islands has achieved many goals in health outcomes and moving towards fulfilling universal health coverage. [15] Identifying and treating NCDs, addressing manpower shortage in health sector, improving the availability of treatment facilities in all health care centers are the new priorities of Solomon Islands. [15]

Related Research Articles

Health in the Comoros continues to face public health problems characteristic of developing countries. After Comoros's independence in 1975, the French withdrew their medical teams, leaving the three islands' already rudimentary health care system in a state of severe crisis. French assistance was eventually resumed, and other nations also contributed medical assistance to the young republic.

Health in Iraq refers to the country's public healthcare system and the overall health of the country's population. Iraq belongs to WHO health region Eastern Mediterranean and classified as upper middle according to World Bank income classification 2013. The state of health in Iraq has fluctuated during its turbulent recent history and specially during the last 4 decade. The country had one of the highest medical standards in the region during the period of 1980s and up until 1991, the annual total health budget was about $450 million in average. The 1991 Gulf War incurred Iraq's major infrastructures a huge damage. This includes health care system, sanitation, transport, water and electricity supplies. UN economic sanctions aggravated the process of deterioration. The annual total health budget for the country, a decade after the sanctions had fallen to $22 million which is barely 5% of what it was in 1980s. During its last decade, the regime of Saddam Hussein cut public health funding by 90 percent, contributing to a substantial deterioration in health care. During that period, maternal mortality increased nearly threefold, and the salaries of medical personnel decreased drastically. Medical facilities, which in 1980 were among the best in the Middle East, deteriorated. Conditions were especially serious in the south, where malnutrition and water-borne diseases became common in the 1990s. Health indicators deteriorated during the 1990s. In the late 1990s, Iraq's infant mortality rates more than doubled. Because treatment and diagnosis of cancer and diabetes decreased in the 1990s, complications and deaths resulting from those diseases increased drastically in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health in Paraguay</span>

In terms of major health indicators, health in Paraguay ranks near the median among South American countries. In 2003 Paraguay had a child mortality rate of 29.5 deaths per 1,000 children, ranking it behind Argentina, Colombia, and Uruguay but ahead of Brazil and Bolivia. The health of Paraguayans living outside urban areas is generally worse than those residing in cities. Many preventable diseases, such as Chagas' disease, run rampant in rural regions. Parasitic and respiratory diseases, which could be controlled with proper medical treatment, drag down Paraguay's overall health. In general, malnutrition, lack of proper health care, and poor sanitation are the root of many health problems in Paraguay.

Benin faces a number of population health challenges. Apart from modern medicine, traditional medicine plays a big role too.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Equatorial Guinea is fulfilling 43.5% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Equatorial Guinea achieves 64.4% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 58.8% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. Equatorial Guinea falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 7.3% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health in Belarus</span>

Life expectancy at birth in Belarus was 69 for men and 79 for women in 2016.

Public expenditure on health in the Gambia was at 1.8% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 5.0%. There were 11 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s. Life expectancy at birth was 59.9 for females in 2005 and for males 57.7.

Mauritius had a life expectancy of 75.17 years in 2014. 39% of Mauritian men smoked in 2014. 13% of men and 23% of women were obese in 2008.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that São Tomé and Príncipe is fulfilling 80.4% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, São Tomé and Príncipe achieves 96.0% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 91.5% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. São Tomé and Príncipe falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 53.8% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.

Life expectancy in East Timor at birth was at 60.7 in 2007. The fertility rate is at six births per woman. Healthy life expectancy at birth was at 55 years in 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health in Papua New Guinea</span>

Life expectancy in Papua New Guinea (PNG) at birth was 64 years for men in 2016 and 68 for women.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Suriname is fulfilling 78.4% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Suriname achieves 94.0% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 83.2% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. Suriname falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 57.9% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health in Tunisia</span>

In 2016, life expectancy in Tunisia was 74 years for males and 78 years for females. By comparison, in the 1960s it was only 47.1 years. Infant mortality in 2017 was 12.1 per 1,000 live births.

Montenegro is a country with an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 620,029, according to the 2011 census. The country is bordered by Croatia, the Adriatic Sea, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo and Albania. The most common health issues faced are non-communicable diseases accounting for 95% of all deaths. This is followed by 4% of mortality due to injury, and 1% due to communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions. Other health areas of interest are alcohol consumption, which is the most prevalent disease of addiction within Montenegro and smoking. Montenegro has one of the highest tobacco usage rates across Europe. Life expectancy for men is 74 years, and life expectancy for women is 79.

Statistical overview of health status in Azerbaijan

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health in Albania</span> Aspect of life in Albania

Life expectancy in Albania was estimated at 77.59 years, in 2014, ranking 51st in the world, and outperforming a number of European Union countries, such as Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic. In 2016 it was 74 for men and 79 for women. The most common causes of death are circulatory diseases followed by cancerous illnesses. Demographic and Health Surveys completed a survey in April 2009, detailing various health statistics in Albania, including male circumcision, abortion and more.

The Health in Eswatini is poor and four years into the United Nations sustainable development goals, Eswatini seems unlikely to achieve goal on health. As a result of 63% poverty prevalence, 27% HIV prevalence, and poor health systems, maternal mortality rate is a high 389/100,000 live births, and under 5 mortality rate is 70.4/1000 live births resulting in a life expectancy that remains amongst the lowest in the world. Despite significant international aid, the government fails to adequately fund the health sector. Nurses are now and again engaged in demonstrations over poor working conditions, drug stock outs, all of which impairs quality health delivery. Despite tuberculosis and AIDS being major causes of death, diabetes and other non-communicable diseases are on the rise. Primary health care is relatively free in Eswatini save for its poor quality to meet the needs of the people. Road traffic accidents have increased over the years and they form a significant share of deaths in the country.

Life expectancy in Fiji is 66 years for men and 72 years for women. Maternal mortality was 59 per 100 000 live births in 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health in Maldives</span>

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Maldives is fulfilling 72.0% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Maldives achieves 98.0% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 99.7% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. Maldives falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 18.2% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.

Expenditure on health in Samoa was 7.2% of GDP in 2014, US$418 per capita.

References

  1. ↑ "Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries". humanrightsmeasurement.org. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  2. ↑ "Solomon Islands - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  3. ↑ "Solomon Islands - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  4. ↑ "Solomon Islands - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  5. ↑ "Solomon Islands - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Human Development Report 2009 – Solomon Islands Archived 15 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Hdrstats.undp.org. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  7. ↑ Loury, Ellen (7 May 2012). "Blond Afro Gene Study Suggests Hair Color Trait Evolved at Least Twice". Huffington Post. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  8. ↑ Kenny EE; et al. (4 May 2012). "Melanesian Blond Hair is Caused by an Amino Acid Change in TYRP1". Science. 336 (6081): 554. Bibcode:2012Sci...336..554K. doi:10.1126/science.1217849. PMC   3481182 . PMID   22556244.
  9. ↑ Norton HL; et al. (June 2006). "Skin and Hair Pigmentation Variation in Island Melanesia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 130 (2): 254–268. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20343. PMID   16374866.
  10. ↑ Loury, Erin (3 May 2012). "The Origin of Blond Afro in Melanesia". AAAS. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  11. 1 2 "Communicable diseases in Solomon Islands" . Retrieved 2020-09-29.
  12. 1 2 "GBD Compare | IHME Viz Hub". vizhub.healthdata.org. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
  13. ↑ "Health and non communicable disease" (PDF).
  14. ↑ "World Health Organization, NCD country profiles, 2018" (PDF).[ dead link ]
  15. 1 2 "Solomon Islands .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform". sustainabledevelopment.un.org. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.