Heather E. Bullock | |
---|---|
Occupation(s) | Professor, Department of Psychology |
Awards | American Psychological Association Committee on Socioeconomic Status Leadership Award (2013) |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Ph.D., University of Rhode Island B.A., Allegheny College |
Academic work | |
Institutions | University of California,Santa Cruz |
Heather E. Bullock is an American social psychologist. She is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Blum Center on Poverty,Social Enterprise,and Participatory Governance at the University of California,Santa Cruz. [1] [2] Bullock is known for her research on people's beliefs about economic disparities and the consequences of stereotypical beliefs about the poor on public policy. [3] This includes work examining attributions about poverty made by news media,and how such attributions influence public support of welfare policies. [4]
Bullock received her B.A. from Allegheny College in Meadville,Pennsylvania. She went to graduate school at the University of Rhode Island where she obtained her Ph.D. in psychology in 1995 under the supervision of Bernice Lott. [5] [6] Bullock's dissertation examined attributions for poverty by asking middle-class people and welfare recipients to explain poverty. [7] Bullock has served as editor of the journal Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy . [8] She was awarded the Iva Patterson Gilmore Prize in Psychology from Allegheny College in 1988. [9]
Bullock participated in the APA Task Force on Socioeconomic Status in 2006 [10] and served as the first Chair of the American Psychological Association (APA) Committee on Socioeconomic Status from 2007 to 2009. [11] The Committee honored Bullock with its Distinguished Psychologist Leadership Award in 2013. [12]
With Bernice Lott,Bullock co-authored the book Psychology and Economic Injustice:Personal,Professional,and Political Intersections, [13] [14] which received the Distinguished Publication Award from the Association for Women in Psychology, [15] and recognition from the American Library Association. [16] Bullock is also author of Women and Poverty:Psychology,Public Policy,and Social Justice. [17] [18] In 2018,Bullock was appointed to serve on the APA Working Group on Deep Poverty,which aims to use psychological science to "challenge prejudicial attitudes and beliefs,inform policy and improve practice and programming... [ ] and move beyond current understandings of causes and consequences of poverty." [19]
In Intersections of Ethnicity and Social Class in Provider Advice Regarding Reproductive Health, Bullock and her colleagues Roberta Downing,and Thomas A. LaVeist explored whether low income women experience stigma related to child bearing. They assessed whether low income women perceived their healthcare providers as advising them to limit the number of future children. They found that,in comparison to middle class white women,low income women of color and low income Latinas were at increased odds of being discouraged from having children. The findings demonstrate how ethnicity and social class may influence women's interactions with reproductive health care providers. [20]
In Media Images of the Poor, Bullock and her colleagues Karen Fraser Wyche,and Wendy R. Williams examined stereotypical images of the poor presented in mainstream media. They assessed the prevalence of such imagery as well as classist,racist and sexist imagery,and were particularly interested in whether media depictions of the poor changed after welfare reform in 1999. They determined that most articles expressed the obstacles welfare recipients and the poor faced with sympathy. They felt the media did not do a good enough job conceptualizing poverty,exploring its causes,and seeking solutions. Overall they felt the media presented economic inequality and poverty superficially and felt it was the media's responsibility to challenge beliefs about poverty and generate a movement towards welfare and social class reform. [21]
The American Psychological Association (APA) is the largest scientific and professional organization of psychologists in the United States,with over 146,000 members,including scientists,educators,clinicians,consultants,and students. It has 54 divisions—interest groups for different subspecialties of psychology or topical areas. The APA has an annual budget of around $125 million.
Workfare is a governmental plan under which welfare recipients are required to accept public-service jobs or to participate in job training. Many countries around the world have adopted workfare to reduce poverty among able-bodied adults,however their approaches to execution vary. The United States and United Kingdom are two such countries utilizing workfare,albeit with different backgrounds.
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) is a United States federal law passed by the 104th United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton. The bill implemented major changes to U.S. social welfare policy,replacing the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program with the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program.
A "welfare queen" is a derogatory term used in the United States to refer to women who misuse or collect excessive welfare payments through fraud,child endangerment,or manipulation. Reporting on welfare fraud began during the early 1960s,appearing in general-interest magazines such as Reader's Digest. The term originates from media reporting in 1974 about Linda Taylor that was then popularized by journalists covering Ronald Reagan's 1976 presidential bid since Reagan often repeated Taylor's story on the campaign trail.
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Mahlon Brewster Smith was an American psychologist and past president of the American Psychological Association. His career included faculty appointments at Vassar College,New York University,University of California,Berkeley,University of Chicago and University of California,Santa Cruz. Smith had been briefly involved with the Young Communist League as a student at Reed College in the 1930s,which resulted in a subpoena by the U.S. Senate in the 1950s. That activity caused him to be blacklisted by the National Institute of Mental Health for ten years without his knowledge.
Founded in 1936,the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI) is a group of 3,000 scientists from psychology and related fields who share a common interest in research on the psychological aspects of important social and policy issues. In various ways,SPSSI seeks to bring theory and practice into focus on human problems of the group,the community,and nations,as well as on the increasingly important problems that have no national boundaries. SPSSI affords social and behavioral scientists opportunities to apply their knowledge and insights to the critical problems of today's world. SPSSI fosters and funds research on social issues through annual awards and programs of small research grants and disseminates research findings through its scholarly journals,sponsored books,specialized conferences,and its convention programs. SPSSI encourages public education and social activism on social issues and facilitates information exchange through its newsletter,social media,and electronic discussion groups. With headquarters in Washington,DC,the Society influences public policy through its publications,congressional briefings,and the advocacy efforts of its members,fellows,and staff. The Society's mission is extended to the global arena by a team of representatives who cover developments at UN headquarters in New York and Geneva. SPSSI has been represented at the United Nations as a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) since 1987. SPSSI serves as consultant to the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). An independent society,SPSSI is also Division 9 of the American Psychological Association (APA) and an organizational affiliate of the American Psychological Society (APS).
Gerodiversity is the multicultural approach to issues of aging. This approach provides a theoretical foundation for the medical and psychological treatment of older adults within an ecological context that includes their cultural identity and heritage,social environment,community,family system,and significant relationships. Gerodiversity encompasses a social justice framework,which considers the social and historical dynamics of privilege and inequality. In addition to issues of aging,gerodiversity includes race,ethnicity,language,gender identity,socioeconomic status,physical ability or disability,sexual orientation,level of education,country of origin,location of residence,and religion or spirituality.
Stratified reproduction is a widely used social scientific concept,created by Shellee Colen,that describes imbalances in the ability of people of different races,ethnicities,nationalities,classes,and genders to reproduce and nurture their children. Researchers use the concept to describe the "power relations by which some categories of people are empowered to nurture and reproduce,while others are disempowered," as Rayna Rapp and Faye D. Ginsburg defined the term in 1995.
Nancy Elinor Adler is an American health psychologist. She is the Lisa and John Pritzker Professor of Medical Psychology at the University of California,San Francisco (UCSF) and director of UCSF's Center for Health and Community Sciences. Adler is known for her research on health behaviors,health disparities,and social determinants of health.
Irene Hanson Frieze is a personality psychologist and pioneering figure in the field of women's studies. She is known for her research on intimate partner violence in marriage and dating relationships,and for cross-cultural studies of attitudes about work and gender roles. Frieze is Professor Emerita of Psychology and Women's Studies at the University of Pittsburgh.
Michelle Melody Fine is a distinguished professor at the City University of New York and has her training in Social and Personality Psychology,Environmental Psychology,American Studies,and Urban Education. Her research includes the topics of social injustice and resistance and urban education. Fine is also an author and has written several works,one of her most known being Muslim American Youth (2008).
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Martha Tamara Shuch Mednick was a feminist psychologist known for her work on women,gender,race and social class. She was a professor of psychology at Howard University from 1968 until her retirement in 1995.
Bernice Lott was a social psychologist known for her work on feminist psychology,gender,poverty,social class,and prejudice and discrimination. She was Professor Emerita of Psychology and Woman's Studies at the University of Rhode Island and was a former Dean of its University College.
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