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Herma Marksman (born 1949) is a Venezuelan historian.
Marksman was born of a peasant woman and a German immigrant who worked as an ironworker union organizer. When she was in her 30s she met the future Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, who was then married and in his twenties. She became his mistress from 1983 to 1992. They both were students of socialism and idealistic and she helped him in his academic studies. After the failed 1992 coup attempt Chávez left both his first wife and mistress. [1]
Marksman now repudiates Chávez, and describes his government as imposing a "fascist dictatorship". [2] She has also written several essays, and co-authored a book titled El otro Chávez (English: The other Chávez), describing her relationship with him, alongside Alberto Garrido. [3]
Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías was a Venezuelan politician and military officer who was president of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013, except for a brief period in 2002. Chávez was also leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when it merged with several other parties to form the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), which he led until 2012.
Diosdado Cabello Rondón is a Venezuelan politician and current member of the National Assembly of Venezuela, where he previously served as Speaker. He is also an active member of the Venezuelan armed forces, with the rank of captain.
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The early life of Hugo Chávez spans the first twenty-one years (1954–1975) of the former President of Venezuela's life. Leader of the "Bolivarian Revolution", Hugo Chávez is known for his socialist governance, his promotion of Latin American integration, and his radical critique of neoliberal globalization and United States foreign policy.
Adán Chávez Frías is a Venezuelan politician who was Governor of Barinas state from 2008 to 2017. Previously he was Ambassador to Cuba and then Minister of Education from 2007 to 2008. He is the elder brother of Hugo Chávez, who was President of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013, and of the Mayor of Sabaneta, Barinas, Anibal José Chávez Frías.
The military career of Hugo Chávez spans the seventeen years (1975–1992) that the later President of Venezuela spent in the Venezuelan army.
María Corina Machado Parisca is a Venezuelan politician who served as an elected member of the National Assembly of Venezuela from 2011 to 2014.
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Nicolás Maduro Moros is a Venezuelan politician and president of Venezuela since 2013.
Cilia Adela Flores de Maduro is a Venezuelan lawyer and politician. She is married to the President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro, making her the First Lady. Since 2015, she has also been a deputy in the National Assembly of Venezuela, of which she was president from 2006 to 2011, for her home state of Cojedes. In 2017, the Constituent National Assembly was founded, in which she is a member of the Presidential Commission.
Bolibourgeoisie or Bolichicos are terms describing the new bourgeois created by the Venezuelan government of Hugo Chávez and Chavismo, made up of people who became rich under the Chávez administration. The term was coined by journalist Juan Carlos Zapata to "define the oligarchy that has developed under the protection of the Chávez government".
María Lourdes Afiuni Mora is a Venezuelan judge. She was head of the 31st Control Court of Caracas before she was arrested in 2009 on charges of corruption after ordering the conditional release on bail of businessman Eligio Cedeño, who then fled the country. She was moved to house arrest in Caracas in February 2011, and granted parole in June 2013, but she is still barred from practicing law, leaving the country, or using her bank account or social networks.
Eva Golinger is an American lawyer, writer and journalist. She practices law in New York and specializes in immigration and international law. She is the author of several books about the late Hugo Chávez, of whom she was an outspoken supporter, and his relationship with the US. Chávez called her La novia de Venezuela, and she served as a foreign policy advisor to his government. The National Catholic Reporter wrote that Golinger headed the "pro-Chávez" Venezuela Solidarity Committee in 2004. Her website, venezuelafoia.info, aimed to shed light on what she called links between US government agencies and Venezuelan organizations by publishing documents obtained using the US Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).
Alejandra Benítez Romero is a Venezuelan sabre fencer, who competed at the 2004, 2008, 2012 and the 2016 Summer Olympics. She was minister of sports in 2013
Carmen Teresa Meléndez Rivas is a Venezuelan politician and Navy admiral. She was Minister of Interior and Justice from 25 October 2014 to 9 March 2015, and Chief of Staff in President Nicolás Maduro's cabinet for nearly six months from March to September 2015. After a governorship in Lara (2017–2020), she headed the Interior Ministry for the second time, from October 2020 to August 2021.
María Gabriela Chávez Colmenares is currently an Alternate Ambassador of Venezuela to the United Nations. She is the daughter of former President Hugo Chávez, and acted as his First Lady after his separation from Marisabel Rodríguez in 2003.
Hermann Eduardo Escarrá Malave is a Venezuelan lawyer, university professor and political analyst. He was a member of the National Constituent Assembly since 2017.
Erika del Valle Farías Peña is a Venezuelan politician. She served as Minister for the Office of the Presidency three times as Minister for Urban Agriculture, Minister for the Communes and deputy to the 2017 National Constituent Assembly. She is a militant and member of the National Directorate of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), and is currently the mayor of the Libertador Bolivarian Municipality of Caracas.
Alberto Rafael Garrido García was an Argentine–Venezuelan journalist, political analyst and writer known for his works on Hugo Chávez. The focus of a better part of his career, his extensive knowledge on Chávez led Venezuelan media to dub him a "Chavólogo".
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