Heteromer

Last updated

A heteromer is something that consists of different parts; the antonym of homomeric. Examples are:

Contents

Biology

Pharmacology

See also

References

  1. Medical dictionary
  2. Ferré, Sergi; Baler, Ruben; Bouvier, Michel; Caron, Marc G.; Devi, Lakshmi A.; Durroux, Thierry; Fuxe, Kjell; George, Susan R.; Javitch, Jonathan A.; Lohse, Martin J.; Mackie, Ken; Milligan, Graeme; Pfleger, Kevin D. G.; Pin, Jean-Philippe; Volkow, Nora D. (March 2009). "Building a new conceptual framework for receptor heteromers". Nature Chemical Biology. 5 (3): 131–134. doi:10.1038/nchembio0309-131. ISSN   1552-4469.
  3. Gotti C, Moretti M, Gaimarri A, Zanardi A, Clementi F, Zoli M (October 2007). "Heterogeneity and complexity of native brain nicotinic receptors". Biochemical Pharmacology . 74 (8): 1102–11. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.05.023. hdl: 11380/586101 . PMID   17597586.
  4. Millar NS, Gotti C (January 2009). "Diversity of vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors". Neuropharmacology. 56 (1): 237–46. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.07.041. PMID   18723036. S2CID   27181755. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2019-12-11.
  5. Collins AC, Salminen O, Marks MJ, Whiteaker P, Grady SR (2009). "The road to discovery of neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptor subtypes". Nicotine Psychopharmacology. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 192. pp. 85–112. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69248-5_4. ISBN   978-3-540-69246-1. PMC   8759235 . PMID   19184647.
  6. Graham AJ, Martin-Ruiz CM, Teaktong T, Ray MA, Court JA (August 2002). "Human brain nicotinic receptors, their distribution and participation in neuropsychiatric disorders". Current Drug Targets. CNS and Neurological Disorders. 1 (4): 387–97. doi:10.2174/1568007023339283. PMID   12769611.
  7. Nutt D (April 2006). "GABAA receptors: subtypes, regional distribution, and function". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2 (2): S7–11. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.26525 . PMID   17557501.
  8. Heldt SA, Ressler KJ (December 2007). "Forebrain and midbrain distribution of major benzodiazepine–sensitive GABAA receptor subunits in the adult C57 mouse as assessed with in situ hybridization". Neuroscience. 150 (2): 370–85. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.09.008. PMC   2292345 . PMID   17950542.
  9. Ciruela F, Casadó V, Rodrigues RJ, Luján R, Burgueño J, Canals M, Borycz J, Rebola N, Goldberg SR, Mallol J, Cortés A, Canela EI, López-Giménez JF, Milligan G, Lluis C, Cunha RA, Ferré S, Franco R (February 2006). "Presynaptic control of striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission by adenosine A1-A2A receptor heteromers". Journal of Neuroscience. 26 (7): 2080–7. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3574-05.2006 . PMC   6674939 . PMID   16481441.
  10. Ferre S, Ciruela F, Borycz J, Solinas M, Quarta D, Antoniou K, Quiroz C, Justinova Z, Lluis C, Franco R, Goldberg SR (2008). "Adenosine A1-A2A receptor heteromers: new targets for caffeine in the brain" . Frontiers in Bioscience. 13 (13): 2391–9. doi: 10.2741/2852 . PMID   17981720.
  11. Rashid AJ, So CH, Kong MM, Furtak T, El-Ghundi M, Cheng R, O'Dowd BF, George SR (January 2007). "D1–D2 dopamine receptor heterooligomers with unique pharmacology are coupled to rapid activation of Gq/11 in the striatum". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (2): 654–9. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104..654R. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0604049104 . PMC   1766439 . PMID   17194762.
  12. Marcellino D, Ferré S, Casadó V, Cortés A, Le Foll B, Mazzola C, Drago F, Saur O, Stark H, Soriano A, Barnes C, Goldberg SR, Lluis C, Fuxe K, Franco R (September 2008). "Identification of Dopamine D1–D3 Receptor Heteromers: INDICATIONS FOR A ROLE OF SYNERGISTIC D1–D3 RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS IN THE STRIATUM". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (38): 26016–25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M710349200 . PMC   2533781 . PMID   18644790.
  13. Carriba P, Ortiz O, Patkar K, Justinova Z, Stroik J, Themann A, Müller C, Woods AS, Hope BT, Ciruela F, Casadó V, Canela EI, Lluis C, Goldberg SR, Moratalla R, Franco R, Ferré S (2007). "Striatal adenosine A2A and cannabinoid CB1 receptors form functional heteromeric complexes that mediate the motor effects of cannabinoids". Neuropsychopharmacology. 32 (11): 2249–59. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301375 . PMID   17356572.
  14. Zezula J, Freissmuth M (March 2008). "The A2A-adenosine receptor: a GPCR with unique features?". British Journal of Pharmacology . 153 Suppl 1 (S1): S184–90. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707674. PMC   2268059 . PMID   18246094.
  15. Marcellino D, Carriba P, Filip M, Borgkvist A, Frankowska M, Bellido I, Tanganelli S, Müller CE, Fisone G, Lluis C, Agnati LF, Franco R, Fuxe K (April 2008). "Antagonistic cannabinoid CB1/dopamine D2 receptor interactions in striatal CB1/D2 heteromers. A combined neurochemical and behavioral analysis". Neuropharmacology. 54 (5): 815–23. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.12.011. hdl: 11380/593340 . PMID   18262573. S2CID   195685369.
  16. Carriba P, Navarro G, Ciruela F, Ferré S, Casadó V, Agnati L, Cortés A, Mallol J, Fuxe K, Canela EI, Lluis C, Franco R (2008). "Detection of heteromerization of more than two proteins by sequential BRET-FRET". Nature Methods. 5 (8): 727–33. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1229. hdl: 11380/593330 . PMID   18587404. S2CID   5175118.
  17. Ferré S, Goldberg SR, Lluis C, Franco R (2009). "Looking for the role of cannabinoid receptor heteromers in striatal function". Neuropharmacology. 56 (Suppl 1): 226–34. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.076. PMC   2635338 . PMID   18691604.
  18. Franco R, Casadó V, Cortés A, Mallol J, Ciruela F, Ferré S, Lluis C, Canela EI (March 2008). "G-protein-coupled receptor heteromers: function and ligand pharmacology". British Journal of Pharmacology. 153 Suppl 1 (S1): S90–8. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707571. PMC   2268068 . PMID   18037920.
  19. Fuxe K, Marcellino D, Rivera A, Diaz-Cabiale Z, Filip M, Gago B, Roberts DC, Langel U, Genedani S, Ferraro L, de la Calle A, Narvaez J, Tanganelli S, Woods A, Agnati LF (August 2008). "Receptor-receptor interactions within receptor mosaics. Impact on neuropsychopharmacology". Brain Research Reviews. 58 (2): 415–52. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.11.007. hdl: 11380/593344 . PMID   18222544. S2CID   206344737.
  20. Franco R, Casadó V, Cortés A, Pérez-Capote K, Mallol J, Canela E, Ferré S, Lluis C (August 2008). "Novel pharmacological targets based on receptor heteromers". Brain Research Reviews. 58 (2): 475–82. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.06.002. PMID   18620000. S2CID   41153163.
  21. Fuxe K, Marcellino D, Woods AS, Giuseppina L, Antonelli T, Ferraro L, Tanganelli S, Agnati LF (January 2009). "Integrated signaling in heterodimers and receptor mosaics of different types of GPCRs of the forebrain: relevance for schizophrenia". Journal of Neural Transmission. 116 (8): 923–39. doi:10.1007/s00702-008-0174-9. PMC   2953764 . PMID   19156349.
  22. Ferré S, Baler R, Bouvier M, Caron MG, Devi LA, Durroux T, Fuxe K, George SR, Javitch JA, Lohse MJ, Mackie K, Milligan G, Pfleger KD, Pin JP, Volkow ND, Waldhoer M, Woods AS, Franco R (March 2009). "Building a new conceptual framework for receptor heteromers". Nature Chemical Biology. 5 (3): 131–4. doi:10.1038/nchembio0309-131. PMC   2681085 . PMID   19219011.