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Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland covers a total area of 338,145 square kilometres (130,559 sq mi), including a land area of 303,815 square kilometres (117,304 sq mi), and has a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish; 84.9 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue and 5.1 percent the latter. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.
The foreign relations of Finland are the responsibility of the president of Finland, who leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government. Implicitly the government is responsible for internal policy and decision making in the European Union. Within the government, preparative discussions are conducted in the government committee of foreign and security policy, which includes the Prime Minister and at least the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defence, and at most four other ministers as necessary. The committee meets with the President as necessary. Laws concerning foreign relations are discussed in the parliamentary committee of foreign relations. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs implements the foreign policy.
Helsinki is the capital and most populous city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About 682,000 people live in the municipality, with 1.26 million in the capital region and 1.6 million in the metropolitan area. As the most populous urban area in Finland, it is the country's most significant centre for politics, education, finance, culture, and research. Helsinki is 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Tallinn, Estonia, 360 kilometres (220 mi) north of Riga, Latvia, 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of Stockholm, Sweden, and 300 kilometres (190 mi) west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Helsinki has significant historical connections with these four cities.
Linus Benedict Torvalds is a Finnish and American software engineer who is the creator and lead developer of the Linux kernel. He also created the distributed version control system Git.
Tampere is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Pirkanmaa. It is located in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Tampere is approximately 259,000, while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately 421,000. It is the 3rd most populous municipality in Finland, and the second most populous urban area in the country after the Helsinki metropolitan area.
Helsinki-Vantaa Airport, or simply Helsinki Airport, is the main international airport serving Helsinki, the capital of Finland, as well as its surrounding metropolitan area, and the Uusimaa region in Finland. The airport is located in the neighbouring city of Vantaa, about 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Tikkurila, the administrative centre of Vantaa and 9.2 NM north of Helsinki's city centre. The airport is operated by state-owned Finavia. The facility covers a total of 1,800 hectares of land and contains three runways.
Finnair Plc is the flag carrier and largest full-service legacy airline of Finland, with headquarters in Vantaa on the grounds of Helsinki Airport, its hub. Finnair and its subsidiaries dominate both domestic and international air travel in Finland. Its major shareholder is the government of Finland, which owns 55.9% of its shares. Finnair is a member of the Oneworld airline alliance.
Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari was a Finnish politician, the tenth president of Finland, from 1994 to 2000, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and a United Nations diplomat and mediator noted for his international peace work.
Helsingin Sanomat, abbreviated HS and colloquially known as Hesari, is the largest subscription newspaper in Finland and the Nordic countries, owned by Sanoma. Except after certain holidays, it is published daily. Its name derives from that of the Finnish capital, Helsinki, where it is published. It is considered a newspaper of record for Finland.
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The Institute for the Languages of Finland, better known as Kotus, is a governmental linguistic research institute of Finland geared to studies of Finnish, Swedish, the Sami languages, Romani language, as well as Finnish Sign Language and Finland-Swedish Sign Language.
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Asko Heikki Siegfried Parpola is a Finnish Indologist, current professor emeritus of Indology at the University of Helsinki. He specializes in the Indus Valley Civilization, specifically the study of the Indus script.
Aku Ankka is a Finnish weekly Disney comic book published by Sanoma Magazines since 1951.
Suomen Kuvalehti is a weekly Finnish language family and news magazine published in Helsinki, Finland.
Apu is a Finnish family magazine published in Helsinki, Finland. The magazine is known for its columns, an anecdote column called "Nitrodisko", its crosswords, and the weekly "Missä Jallu luuraa?".
Talouselämä is a Finnish language weekly financial and business magazine published in Helsinki, Finland. It has been in circulation since 1938.
Vihreä Lanka was a political magazine representing the views of the Green League, published eight times per year in Helsinki, Finland. From 1983 to 2016, it was published biweekly in newspaper form. From 2016, Vihreä Lanka was published as a periodical magazine until December 2019 when it ceased publication.
Anarchism in Finland dates back to the early revolutionary movements of the 20th century, seeing organized activity begin in the 1960s.
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References
- 1 2 David McDuff (10 May 2010). "Hiidenkivi". Nordic Voices. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- 1 2 "A National Treasure or a Leaning Tower? PISA, Education and Finland". WCJS. Helsinki. 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- ↑ "Hiidenkivi: suomalainen kulttuurilehti". University of Wisconsin-Madison Library. 1994. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- 1 2 Pirkko Nuolijärvi (2000). "The Research Institute for the Languages of Finland". Dialectologia et Geolinguistica (8): 81. doi:10.1515/dig.2000.2000.8.81.
- ↑ "Our Authors" (PDF). Folklore. 46.
- ↑ "Uusi Kotiseutu-julkaisu jatkaa Hiidenkiven työtä". Suomen Kotiseutuliito (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- ↑ Elsi Hyttinen (July 2015). "Women in Early Capitalism and Other Irrelevant Issues: Elvira Willman's Struggle for Working-Class Authorship". Journal of Finnish Studies . 18 (2): 58. doi: 10.5406/28315081.18.2.05 . S2CID 253703380.