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Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland covers an area of 338,145 square kilometres (130,559 sq mi) and has a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Finnish and Swedish are the official languages, with Swedish being the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.
The foreign relations of Finland are the responsibility of the president of Finland, who leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government. Implicitly the government is responsible for internal policy and decision making in the European Union. Within the government, preparative discussions are conducted in the government committee of foreign and security policy, which includes the Prime Minister and at least the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defence, and at most four other ministers as necessary. The committee meets with the President as necessary. Laws concerning foreign relations are discussed in the parliamentary committee of foreign relations. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs implements the foreign policy.
Helsinki is the capital and most populous city in Finland. It is located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and serves as the seat of the Uusimaa region in southern Finland. Approximately 0.67 million people live in the municipality, with 1.25 million in the capital region, and 1.58 million in the metropolitan area. As the most populous urban area in Finland, it is the country's most significant centre for politics, education, finance, culture, and research. Helsinki is situated 80 kilometres (50 mi) to the north of Tallinn, Estonia, 360 kilometres (220 mi) to the north of Riga, Latvia, 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the east of Stockholm, Sweden, and 300 kilometres (190 mi) to the west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Helsinki has significant historical connections with these four cities.
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Tampere is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Pirkanmaa. It is located in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Tampere is approximately 255,000, while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately 417,000. It is the 3rd most populous municipality in Finland, and the second most populous urban area in the country after Helsinki.
Helsinki-Vantaa Airport, or simply Helsinki Airport, is the main international airport of the city of Helsinki, its surrounding metropolitan area, and the Uusimaa region in Finland. The airport is located in the neighbouring city of Vantaa, about 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Tikkurila, the administrative centre of Vantaa and 9.2 NM north of Helsinki's city centre. The airport is operated by state-owned Finavia. The facility covers a total of 1,800 hectares of land and contains three runways.
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References
- 1 2 David McDuff (10 May 2010). "Hiidenkivi". Nordic Voices. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- 1 2 "A National Treasure or a Leaning Tower? PISA, Education and Finland". WCJS. Helsinki. 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- ↑ "Hiidenkivi: suomalainen kulttuurilehti". University of Wisconsin-Madison Library. 1994. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- 1 2 Pirkko Nuolijärvi (2000). "The Research Institute for the Languages of Finland". Dialectologia et Geolinguistica (8): 81. doi:10.1515/dig.2000.2000.8.81.
- ↑ "Our Authors" (PDF). Folklore. 46.
- ↑ "Uusi Kotiseutu-julkaisu jatkaa Hiidenkiven työtä". Suomen Kotiseutuliito (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- ↑ Elsi Hyttinen (July 2015). "Women in Early Capitalism and Other Irrelevant Issues: Elvira Willman's Struggle for Working-Class Authorship". Journal of Finnish Studies . 18 (2): 58. doi: 10.5406/28315081.18.2.05 . S2CID 253703380.