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A gender role,or sex role,is a set of socially accepted behaviors and attitudes deemed appropriate or desirable for individuals based on their sex. Gender roles are usually centered on conceptions of masculinity and femininity,although there are exceptions and variations.
Sex differences in psychology are differences in the mental functions and behaviors of the sexes and are due to a complex interplay of biological,developmental,and cultural factors. Differences have been found in a variety of fields such as mental health,cognitive abilities,personality,emotion,sexuality,friendship,and tendency towards aggression. Such variation may be innate,learned,or both. Modern research attempts to distinguish between these causes and to analyze any ethical concerns raised. Since behavior is a result of interactions between nature and nurture,researchers are interested in investigating how biology and environment interact to produce such differences,although this is often not possible.
Nancy Julia Chodorow is an American sociologist and professor. She began her career as a professor of Women's studies at Wellesley College in 1973,and from 1974 on taught at the University of California,Santa Cruz,until 1986. She then was a professor in the departments of sociology and clinical psychology at the University of California,Berkeley until she resigned in 1986,after which she taught psychiatry at Harvard Medical School/Cambridge Health Alliance. Chodorow is often described as a leader in feminist thought,especially in the realms of psychoanalysis and psychology.
Sex differences in crime are differences between men and women as the perpetrators or victims of crime. Such studies may belong to fields such as criminology,sociobiology,or feminist studies. Despite the difficulty of interpreting them,crime statistics may provide a way to investigate such a relationship from a gender differences perspective. An observable difference in crime rates between men and women might be due to social and cultural factors,crimes going unreported,or to biological factors for example,testosterone or sociobiological theories). The nature or motive of the crime itself may also require consideration as a factor.
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Carolyn M. Mazure is an American psychologist and the Norma Weinberg Spungen and Joan Lebson Bildner Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the Yale School of Medicine. She created and directs Women’s Health Research at Yale —Yale’s interdisciplinary research center on health and gender.
Meredith L. Chivers is a Canadian sexologist and clinical psychologist noted for her research on female sexuality,sexual orientation,paraphilias,sex differences,gender identity,and the physiology of sexual arousal. She is an associate professor in the Department of Psychology at Queen's University in Kingston,Ontario,Canada.
Jeanne Lavonne Humphrey Block was an American psychologist and expert on child development. She conducted research into sex-role socialization and,with her husband Jack Block,created a person-centered personality framework. Block was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and conducted her research with the National Institute of Mental Health and the University of California,Berkeley. She was an active researcher when she was diagnosed with cancer in 1981.
Janet Shibley Hyde is the Helen Thompson Woolley Professor of Psychology and Gender &Women's Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She is known for her research on human sexuality,sex differences,gender development,gender and science,and feminist theory,and is considered one of the leading academics in the field of gender studies.
References
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- ↑ "Hilary M. Lips, Ph.D". Radford University . Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 Vaughn, Kelli (March 14, 2009). "Interview with Hilary Lips" (PDF). Psychology’s Feminist Voices. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Curriculum Vitae" (PDF). Radford University . Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- ↑ Ames, Elinor W. (April 1979). "Review of The Psychology of Sex Differences". Canadian Psychology . 20 (2). Canadian Psychological Association: 106–107. doi:10.1037/h0081499 . Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- ↑ Steinberg, Rhona (April 1982). "Review of Women, men, and the psychology of power". Canadian Psychology . 23 (2): 109–110. doi:10.1037/h0081291 . Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- ↑ Norris, Joane (1982). "Women, men, and the psychology of power. Hilary M. Lips". Atlantis: Critical Studies in Gender, Culture & Social Justice. 7 (2): 157–159.
- ↑ Coulter, B. Gerry (July 2001). "Reviewed Work: Sex and Gender: An Introduction by Hilary M. Lips". Teaching Sociology . 29 (3): 372–373. doi:10.2307/1319197. JSTOR 1319197 . Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- ↑ Gentry, Caron (February 18, 2014). "Review – Gender: The Basics". E-International Relations . Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- ↑ Petersen, Kendall (January 2014). "Gender: The basics, Hilary M. Lips : book review". Gender Questions. 2 (1). ISSN 2309-9704 . Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- ↑ "Distinguished Publication". Association for Women in Psychology . Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- ↑ "SWAP Section: Past Awards". Canadian Psychological Association. 17 January 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
