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The Hip Hop Movement is a social movement in the late-20th century and early-21st century United States. It offers a critical theory and history of hip hop culture as stated by Reiland Rabaka [1] in his book The Hip Hop Movement: From R&B and the Civil Rights Movement to Rap and the Hip Hop Generation. The movement connects R&B, the Civil Rights Movement, and hip hop culture. [2] [3]
The six elements of the Hip Hop Movement are consciousness awareness, civil rights awareness, activism awareness, justice, political awareness, and community awareness in music. In 1990, while working with the rap/pop group Snap!, Ronald "Bee-Stinger" Savage coined the term "six elements of the Hip Hop Movement". The Hip Hop Movement is intended not only to entertain people but also to enlighten listeners of the struggle and the oppressed. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
The four elements of hip hop culture are graffiti, rapping, DJing, and break-dancing. Rabaka argues that the hip hop movement is just as deserving of critical scholarly inquiry as other black popular music, such as R & B. Hip hop has been documented to 1973 by Steven Hager. [11] The word "hip hop" first appeared in print on September 21, 1981, in The Village Voice in a profile story of Africa Bambaataa written by Hager, who published the first comprehensive history of hip hop culture with St. Martins' Press. Taymullah Abdur-Rahman in a blog in The Huffington Press compares hip hop to The Civil Rights Movement. [12]
Taymullah Abdur-Rahman opined "We couldn't reproduce Frederick Douglass but we had KRS-One. We didn’t try to imitate MLK but we had Chuck D. We remembered Harriet Tubman when we looked at Lauryn Hill. We didn’t need the Queen of Sheba, we had our own Queen...Latifah" [12] [13] Jeff Chang in his book, Can't Stop Won't Stop states, "there was no manifesto. The kids who started it were simply trying to find ways to pass the time, they were trying to have fun. They grew up under the politics of abandonment and because of this, their pastimes contained the seeds for a kind of mass cultural renewal." [14] [13]
Todd Boyd in his book The New H.N.I.C.: The Death of Civil Rights and the Reign of Hip Hop, says "I would suggest that you might get a better read of what's going on in the world of Black people today by listening to DMX on It's Dark and Hell is Hot than by listening to repeated broadcasts of Martin Luther King speeches."Hip hop is inherently political, the language is political," Boyd says. "It uses language as a weapon — not a weapon to violate or not a weapon to offend, but a weapon that pushes the envelope that provokes people, makes people think."" [15]
Ronald Savage [16] is the first known elected official in New York State in printed articles to come out of the Zulu Nation that paved the way for hip hop culture, [17] Savage inspired many people with his fight to help change the laws of the statute of limitations against child molesters in New York State (Child Victims Act) making another statement of the Hip Hop Movement.
Former member Ronald "Bee-Stinger" Savage of the first family of Hip Hop which is the Universal Zulu Nation is using the hip hop movement in an official capacity by developing the Hip Hop Movement’s new foundation in late 2016 by turning it into a registered service mark and he started the first official Hip Hop Movement streaming channel on Roku and Amazon Firestick. Ronald Savage states “The Hip Hop Movement is the voice and backbone of Hip Hop and the culture and is now a brand available worldwide.” Today, Hip Hop Movement addresses persistent societal issues and uses its streaming platform as its mission for emcees to share their conscious music that exudes substance and positive messages, Savage also states “As the son of the movement, I firmly believe The Hip Hop Movement resides as law and order of Hip Hop.” Hip is the Culture and Hop is the Movement. [18] [19] / [20] [21] [22] [23]
Old-school hip hop is the earliest commercially recorded hip hop music and original style of the genre. It typically refers to the music created around 1979 to 1983, as well as any hip hop that does not adhere to contemporary styles.
French hip hop is the hip hop music style developed in French-speaking countries. France is the second largest hip-hop market in the world after the United States.
The Universal Zulu Nation is an international hip hop awareness group formed by and formerly led by hip hop artist Afrika Bambaataa.
Electro is a genre of electronic music and early hip hop directly influenced by the use of the Roland TR-808 drum machines, and funk. Records in the genre typically feature drum machines and heavy electronic sounds, usually without vocals, although if vocals are present they are delivered in a deadpan manner, often through electronic distortion such as vocoding and talkboxing. This is the main distinction between electro and previously prominent genres such as disco, in which the electronic sound was only part of the instrumentation. It also palpably deviates from its predecessor boogie for being less vocal-oriented and more focused on electronic beats produced by drum machines.
Kevin Powell is an American writer, civil and human rights activist, poet, journalist, public speaker, filmmaker, politician, television personality, and entrepreneur. Powell is the author of 14 books, including The Education of Kevin Powell: A Boy's Journey into Manhood and When We Free the World published in 2020. Powell routinely appears in interviews on television, radio, in print and on the Internet discussing major social and political issues, and his writing has appeared in numerous media outlets. As a senior writer during the founding years of VIBE magazine from 1992 to 1996, Powell interviewed a diverse array of public figures from Tupac Shakur to General Colin Powell. He routinely travels nationally and globally as a public speaker, at colleges and corporations, at various institutions, and a wide range of communities.
Hip hop or hip-hop is a culture and art movement that was created by African Americans, Latino Americans and Caribbean Americans in the Bronx, New York City. The origin of the name is often disputed. It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx. While the term hip hop is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music, hip hop is characterized by four key elements: "rapping", a rhythmic vocal rhyming style (orality); DJing, which is making music with record players and DJ mixers ; b-boying/b-girling/breakdancing (movement/dance); and graffiti. Other elements are: hip hop culture and historical knowledge of the movement (intellectual/philosophical); beatboxing, a percussive vocal style; street entrepreneurship; hip hop language; and hip hop fashion and style, among others. The fifth element, although debated, is commonly considered either street knowledge, hip hop fashion, or beatboxing.
"Renegades of Funk" is a song written by Afrika Bambaataa, Arthur Baker, John Miller & John Robie and recorded by Afrika Bambaataa & Soulsonic Force. Released in 1983 as a single on the Tommy Boy label, it was also included on the 1986 album Planet Rock: The Album. The song is an eclectic fusion of electronic music and heavy percussion, with politically fused hip hop lyrics that draw a connection between past revolutionaries and bohemians to present-day street artists. It was produced and mixed by Arthur Baker and John Robie. Mastering was by Herb Powers Jr..
Kwanza Unit (KU) was an early Tanzanian hip hop group. Its name means "First Unit" and it was formed in 1993 by a merger of several groups and solo artists. They started rapping in English, but later used Swahili as well.
Hip hop activism is a term coined by the hip hop intellectual and journalist Harry Allen. It is meant to describe an activist movement of the post- baby boomer generation.
Raw, Uncut and X-Rated is the third studio album by American Oakland-based rapper Too Short. It was released via 75 Girls Records.
Disco King Mario was a pioneer of hip hop. In the 1970s, Mario was a prominent DJ of the New York Bronx. At the time, he lived in the Bronxdale Housing projects, where his parties made him well-known locally.
Clive Campbell, better known by his stage name DJ Kool Herc, is a Jamaican DJ who is credited for originating hip hop music in the Bronx, New York City, in the 1970s through his "Back to School Jam", hosted on August 11, 1973, at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue. After his younger sister, Cindy Campbell, became inspired to earn extra cash for back-to-school clothes, she decided to have her older brother, then 18 years old, play music for the neighborhood in their apartment building. Known as the "Founder of Hip-Hop" and "Father of Hip-Hop", Campbell began playing hard funk records of the sort typified by James Brown.
Hip hop music, also known as rap music, is a genre of popular music developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans and Latino Americans in the Bronx borough of New York City in the 1970s. It consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, and rhythmic beatboxing. While often used to refer solely to rapping, "hip hop" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. The term hip hop music is sometimes used synonymously with the term rap music, though rapping is not a required component of hip hop music; the genre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing, turntablism, scratching, beatboxing, and instrumental tracks.
Afrika Bambaataa is an American disc jockey, rapper, songwriter and producer from the South Bronx, New York. He is notable for releasing a series of genre-defining electro tracks in the 1980s that influenced the development of hip hop culture. Afrika Bambaataa is one of the originators of breakbeat DJing. Through his co-opting of the street gang the Black Spades into the music and culture-oriented Universal Zulu Nation, he has helped spread hip hop culture throughout the world. On May 6, 2016, Bambaataa left his position as head of The Zulu Nation due to multiple child sexual abuse allegations dating as far back as the 1970s.
The Beatnigs is the only album by the San Francisco band The Beatnigs, released in 1988. It combined punk, industrial and hip hop influences.
Following an historical process of appropriation of American popular music by Senegal, hip hop emerged in the Senegalese capital city in the early mid- 1980s. Although hip hop galsen is now famous for its diverse musical productions, the movement there spread out from its dancing appeal rather than from its musical one. Indeed, Senegalese hip hop artists initially participated in this movement as smurfer, breakdancer, B-boy in general performing during organised podiums. Schools, nightclubs and other temporary public stages thus played an essential role in amplifying this movement in Dakar. Besides, and in contrast to American hip hop, which grew from the youth in the inner city ghettos, hip hop in Dakar began among a somehow middle-class youth who was able to access and/or introduce in their home place new ideas and new cultural expressions coming from abroad. Indeed, hip hop became popular in the capital city through the intensive through informal circulation of VH7 cassettes and recorded videos, which were imported from USA or France by diaspora people.
Hip Hop Feminism is a sub-set of black feminism that centers intersectional subject positions involving race and gender in a way that acknowledges the contradictions in being a black feminist, such as black women's enjoyment in (misogynistic) hip hop music and culture, rather than simply focusing on the victimization of black women in hip hop culture due to interlocking systems of oppressions involving race, class, and gender. Hip hop feminism was coined by Joan Morgan in her book When Chickenheads Come Home to Roost: A Hip Hop Feminist Breaks it Down for black women who grew up in the post-Civil Rights Movement and feminist movement era of the 1960s and 1970s. Morgan explains that a hip hop feminist is a self-defined name for black feminists that acknowledges black women's lived experiences as they identify with and enjoy hip hop culture along with supporting feminist issues and agendas where black women are marginalized by the mainstream feminist movement because of their race or the black antiracist movements due to their gender.
Feminist activism in hip hop is a feminist movement based by hip hop artists. The activism movement involves doing work in graffiti, break dancing, and hip hop music. Hip hop has a history of being a genre that sexually objectifies and disrespects women ranging from the usage of video vixens to explicit rap lyrics. Within the subcultures of graffiti and breakdancing, sexism is more evident through the lack of representation of women participants. In a genre notorious for its sexualization of women, feminist groups and individual artists who identify as feminists have sought to change the perception and commodification of women in hip hop. This is also rooted in cultural implications of misogyny in rap music.
Ronald Savage is an American entrepreneur, hip hop artist, author, and activist. He was known as the "crate boy" for Jazzy Jay, who was the DJ for Afrika Bambaataa. In 2016, he publicly accused Bambaataa of sexually molesting him.
Music and Black liberation refers to music associated with Black political movements for emancipation, civil rights, or self-determination. The connection between music and politics, has been used in many cultures and was utilized by blacks in their struggle for freedom and civil rights. Music has been used by African Americans over the course of United States history to express feelings of struggle and hope, as well as to garner feelings of solidarity for their freedom struggle. African Americans have used music as a way to express their struggle for freedom and equality which has spanned the history the United States and resulted in the creation and popularization of many music genres including, jazz, funk, disco, rap, and hip hop. Many of these songs and artists played pivotal roles in generating support for the civil rights movement.