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The Jewish presence in north east England is focused on a number of important towns.
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The Jewish presence in north east England is focused on a number of important towns.
Gateshead [1] is the home to a sizable community of what are often called ultra-Orthodox Haredi Jews. The community is acclaimed for its higher educational institutions. Talmudic students from many countries travel to Gateshead to attend its yeshivas and kollels. Young Jewish women come to study at the Teacher Training College and Beis Chaya Rochel.
Based in the Bensham area, the community includes over 600 families.
The community was established at the end of the 19th century when Eastern European Jewish refugees, Eliezer Adler and Zachariah Bernstone chose to leave the Newcastle upon Tyne congregation, which they viewed as too lenient in religious matters, and crossed the river to set up a new synagogue. [2] Following the Holocaust, Gateshead became home to the largest Orthodox Jewish education complex in postwar Europe, and the most significant outside of the United States and Israel. This can partly be attributed to the arrival of Orthodox Jewish refugees who were fleeing the European mainland during the Nazi era. As a result, Gateshead became an important centre of Torah Judaism.
And it was Reb Dovid Dryan in 1941, whose Torah permeated soul conceived the idea – wild impractical and heroic – of setting up a Kolel in Gateshead. In September 1941 (Elul 5740) he sent letters to 20 prominent Rabbonim in England inviting them to join him in making his latest dream a reality. [3]
The Gateshead Talmudical College is an important and well known Haredi advanced yeshiva in Gateshead attracting students from all over the world. Gateshead has the only expanding Jewish community in the North East. It is also the largest.
The launch of Gateshead Kehilla Kollel in 2021 [4] led to the largest shift in community dynamics since its inception. When visionary Rabbi Zelig Kupetz, with the guidance of community leader Mr Meir Menashe Bodner launched his new project to rejuvenate the town, [5] Gateshead Community Kollel attracted 200 new students, including the famous inventor David Gurwicz. [6] Gateshead Community Kollel has three primary sections: [7] The Founding Chabura, led by Rabbi Benzion Zahn; The Halacha Be'iyun Chabura, led by Rabbi Alex Steinhaus, formerly of Mir Yeshiva, and the newest Yeshiva Chabura.
No records have been found of Jews being resident in Newcastle before 1830 although there is a tradition that the community dates from 1775. It is thought, however, that over 500 years prior to this Jews resided in Silver Street (formerly known as Jew Gate). In 1830, a cemetery was acquired and by 1831 the community number 100. [8] On 8 October 1832 the congregation was formally established. The cathedral bells were rung when the first synagogue, in Temple Street, was officially opened on 13 July 1838. The Newcastle Courant published a headline in Hebrew.
By 1845 the congregation had grown to 33 adults and 33 children. Through the course of time nearly all the original founders either died or had left the city, but the influx of Polish and Russian immigrants had more than replaced this loss.
An imposing stone building was erected in Leazes Park Road in 1880 and consecrated by the Chief Rabbi. At that time the number of Jews in Newcastle was about 750. The congregation was in being until 1978
Sir Israel Brodie– the first Chief Rabbi to be knighted, was born in Newcastle in 1895.
There were many more developments and synagogues in Newcastle during the 20th century: Corporation Street Synagogue (1904–1924), Jesmond Synagogue (1914–1986), Ravensworth Terrace Synagogue (1925–1969), and Gosforth and Kenton Hebrew Congregation (1947–1984)
With the drift of population from the West End of Newcastle, Jesmond synagogue was consecrated in 1914 leaving the oldest, the Leazes Park Road Synagogue in the centre of the city. A third synagogue was built in Gosforth, the Gosforth and Kenton Hebrew congregation. Eventually the running of the three Orthodox Congregations was considered as being uneconomical and with a declining population in other parts of the town a new purpose built Community Centre and Synagogue was built in Gosforth at Culzean Park in an area in which the majority of Jews resided. A new Reform movement Synagogue was built in 1986 nearby and continues to flourish.
In March 2021, the 300 seat purpose built Culzean Park Synagogue was down to its last 50 members and consequently, was sold to developers. The Synagogue has now moved into the Lionel Jacobson House - Community Centre down the road on 20 Graham Park Road.
The first Jewish settlement in Sunderland was in 1755 and the first congregation was established in about 1768. The Sunderland Congregation was the first regional community to be represented on the Board of Deputies of British Jews. Rabbi Shmaryahu Yitzchak Bloch ministered in Sunderland in the early 20th century.
At the 2001 census, 114 people of Jewish faith were recorded as living in Sunderland, a vanishingly small percentage. There was no Jewish community before 1750, though subsequently a number of Jewish merchants from across the UK and Europe settled in Sunderland. The Sunderland Synagogue on Ryhope Road (opened in 1928) closed at the end of March 2006.
The Sunderland Beth Hamedrash was established in Villiers St in about 1890 which is still standing. In 1930 it moved to a purpose-built building in Mowbray Road. It closed in 1984. The building is no longer extant.
The Sunderland Talmudical College, a Haredi yeshiva founded in the city in 1945, relocated to Gateshead in 1990.
The North-East Joel Intract Memorial Home for Aged Jews was opened in Sunderland in 1963 and closed in 1998.
The Jewish community in Sunderland has fallen to very few in recent years.
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The Jewish faith in Hartlepool in the 20th century was at an incredible decline. The only known Jewish synagogue in the years prior to the year 2000 was led by Rabbi Robinson, a converted Catholic. The synagogue closed some time around 2003.[ citation needed ]
A yeshiva is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha, while Torah and Jewish philosophy are studied in parallel. The studying is usually done through daily shiurim as well as in study pairs called chavrusas. Chavrusa-style learning is one of the unique features of the yeshiva.
A kollel is an institute for full-time, advanced study of the Talmud and rabbinic literature. Like a yeshiva, a kollel features shiurim (lectures) and learning sedarim (sessions); unlike most yeshivot, the student body of a kollel typically consists mostly of married men. A kollel generally pays a regular monthly stipend to its members.
Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin or Yeshivas Rabbeinu Chaim Berlin is an American Haredi Lithuanian-type boys' and men's yeshiva in Brooklyn, New York.
Yeshiva Torah Vodaas is a yeshiva in the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York.
Har Nof is a neighborhood on a hillside on the western boundary of Jerusalem with a population of 20,000 residents, predominantly Orthodox Jews.
Torah Umesorah – National Society for Hebrew Day Schools is an Orthodox Jewish educational charity based in the United States that promotes Torah-based Jewish religious education in North America by supporting and developing a loosely affiliated network independent private Jewish day schools.
Torah Ore is an American Orthodox post-high-school yeshiva and kollel located in the northern Jerusalem neighborhood of Kiryat Mattersdorf. It was founded in 1960 in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York, by Rabbi Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg. The yeshiva moved to Jerusalem in 1965 and entered its present location in 1971. As of 2013, Torah Ore enrolls approximately 300 undergraduate students and 600 kollel (married) students. It has thousands of alumni, many of whom became prominent rabbis, rosh yeshivas, and lay leaders of Jewish communities around the globe. Scheinberg served as rosh yeshiva of Torah Ore for over 50 years until his death in 2012; he was succeeded by his son, Rabbi Simcha Scheinberg.
Gateshead Talmudical College, popularly known as Gateshead Yeshiva, is located in the Bensham area of Gateshead in North East England. It is the largest yeshiva in Europe and considered to be one of the most prestigious advanced yeshivas in the Orthodox world. The student body currently numbers approx. 350. Although students are mainly British, there are European, American, Canadians as well as some from South America, Australia and South Africa.
The Sunderland Talmudical College, popularly known as Sunderland Yeshiva, was founded in the city of Sunderland in the United Kingdom in October 1946 by Rabbi Aryeh Leib Grossnass and Rabbi Zushe Waltner at the initiative of Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler. It re-located to Gateshead in June 1988, albeit keeping its original name, due to the dwindling size of the Jewish community in Sunderland, particularly the Orthodox section of the community. In its early years it catered for students from North Africa. The student body currently numbers at close to 90 (2024). Students are mainly English; however, there are also students from Switzerland, Belgium and the USA.
Zvi Sobolofsky is a rosh yeshiva at Yeshiva University in New York City.
Sha'arei Hesed is a neighborhood in central Jerusalem, bordering Rehavia, Nahlaot and Kiryat Wolfson.
Chanoch Ehrentreu was a German-born British Orthodox rabbi. He served for many years as the head of the London Beth Din in Great Britain, serving the United Synagogue Community and those independent Orthodox Congregations that accept the authority of the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth. He retired from the post in December 2006.
Avrohom Gurwicz is an English-born Orthodox rabbi and Talmudic scholar. Since 1982 he has been the rosh yeshivah of Gateshead Talmudical College, a yeshiva in Gateshead, England, where he has been giving the largest shiur in Europe with approximately 400 students attending, for approximately half a century. Additionally, he is the president of Gateshead Community Kollel, established 2021.
Jesmond Synagogue, now known as Byzantine House, is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Eskdale Terrace, in the Jesmond neighbourhood of Newcastle upon Tyne, in northeast England, in the United Kingdom. Established in 1914, the congregation worshiped in the Ashkenazi rite, until its closure in 1986.
Ohev Sholom Talmud Torah Congregation of Olney, commonly known as OSTT, is an Orthodox synagogue located at 18320 Georgia Avenue, in Olney, Maryland, in the United States.
The Leazes Park Synagogue is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 12 Leazes Park Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, in the United Kingdom. The congregation was formed in 1880 and worshiped in the Ashkenazi rite until the congregation was dissolved in 1978.
Chaim Zev Malinowitz was a Haredi community rabbi, dayan, and Talmudic scholar. Fluent in all areas of the Talmud, halakha, and hashkafa, he was the general editor of the 73-volume Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud published by ArtScroll. After immigrating to Israel, he became the rabbi of Beis Tefillah Yonah Avraham, an English-speaking congregation for Anglophone Israeli immigrants in Ramat Beit Shemesh, which he led for 17 years.