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In particle physics, supersymmetry (SUSY) is a conjectured relationship between two basic classes of elementary particles: bosons, which have an integer-valued spin, and fermions, which have a half-integer spin. A type of spacetime symmetry, supersymmetry is a possible candidate for undiscovered particle physics, and seen by some physicists as an elegant solution to many current problems in particle physics if confirmed correct, which could resolve various areas where current theories are believed to be incomplete. A supersymmetrical extension to the Standard Model could resolve major hierarchy problems within gauge theory, by guaranteeing that quadratic divergences of all orders will cancel out in perturbation theory.
The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is an extension to the Standard Model that realizes supersymmetry. MSSM is the minimal supersymmetrical model as it considers only "the [minimum] number of new particle states and new interactions consistent with phenomenology". Supersymmetry pairs bosons with fermions, so every Standard Model particle has a superpartner yet undiscovered. If we find these superparticles, it equates to discovering such particles as dark matter, could provide evidence for grand unification, and provide hints as to whether string theory describes nature. The failure to find evidence for supersymmetry using the Large Hadron Collider suggests a leaning to abandon it.
In supersymmetry theories of particle physics, a gaugino is the hypothetical fermionic supersymmetric field quantum (superpartner) of a gauge field, as predicted by gauge theory combined with supersymmetry. All gauginos have spin 1/2, except for gravitino.
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In particle physics the little hierarchy problem in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is a refinement of the hierarchy problem. According to quantum field theory, the mass of the Higgs boson must be rather light for the electroweak theory to work. However, the loop corrections to the mass are naturally much greater; this is known as the hierarchy problem. New physical effects such as supersymmetry may in principle reduce the size of the loop corrections, making the theory natural. However, it is known from experiments that new physics such as superpartners does not occur at very low energy scales, so even if these new particles reduce the loop corrections, they do not reduce them enough to make the renormalized Higgs mass completely natural. The expected value of the Higgs mass is about 10 percent of the size of the loop corrections which shows that a certain "little" amount of fine-tuning seems necessary.
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References
- ↑ American Men and Women of Science. Thomson Gale. 2004.
- ↑ "Howard E. Haber". APS Physics.
- 1 2 "C.V. (shorter form)" (PDF). UCSC Homepage, Howard E. Haber.
- ↑ Haber, Howard E. (1993). "Introductory Low-Energy Supersymmetry". arXiv: hep-ph/9306207 .
- ↑ Haber, Howard E. (1993). "The Supersymmetric Top-Ten Lists". arXiv: hep-ph/9308209 .
- ↑ Haber, Howard E.; Haskins, Laurel Stephenson (4 May 2018). "Supersymmetric Theory and Models". Anticipating the Next Discoveries in Particle Physics. pp. 355–499. arXiv: 1712.05926 . doi:10.1142/9789813233348_0006. ISBN 978-981-323-333-1.
- ↑ "2017 J. J. Sakurai Prize, Howard E. Haber". APS Physics.
