Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (Arabic: يحيى بن شرف النووي, romanized: Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī; was a Sunni Shafi'ite jurist and hadith scholar. Al-Nawawi died at the relatively early age of 45. Despite this, he authored numerous and lengthy works ranging from hadith, to theology, biography, and jurisprudence that are still read to this day. Al-Nawawi, along with Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i, are leading jurists of the earlier classical age, known by the Shafi'i school as the Two Shaykhs.
Al-Maqrīzī was a medieval Egyptian historian and biographer during the Mamluk era, known for his interest in the Fatimid era, and the earlier periods of Egyptian history. He is recognized as the most influential historian of premodern Egypt.
Al-Hafiz Zain al-Din 'Abd al-Rahim al-'Iraqi was a renowned Kurdish Shafi'i scholar and was the foremost leading hadith scholar at his time.
Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Sakhāwī was a reputable Shafi‘i Muslim hadith scholar and historian who was born in Cairo. Al-Sakhawi refers to the village of Sakha in Egypt, where his relatives belonged. He was a prolific writer that excelled in the knowledge of hadith,tafsir, literature, and history. His work was also anthropological. For example, in Egypt he recorded the marital history of 500 women, the largest sample on marriage in the Middle Ages, and found that at least a third of all women in the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and the Bilad al-Sham married more than once, with many marrying three or more times. According to al-Sakhawi, as many as three out of ten marriages in 15th century Cairo ended in divorce. His proficiency in hadith has its influences trace back heavily on his Shaykh al-Hafiz, ibn Hajar al-`Asqalani. He died in Medina.
Shihāb al-Dīn Abu ’l-Abbās Aḥmad ibn Abi ’l-ʿAlāʾ Idrīs ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yallīn al-Ṣanhājī al-Ṣaʿīdī al-Bahfashīmī al-Būshī al-Bahnasī al-Miṣrī al-Mālikī, was a Sunni Islamic scholar of Sanhaja Berber origin who lived in Ayyubid and Mamluk Egypt. He is widely regarded as the foremost Maliki juristconsult and legal theoretician of his time. He was highly proficient in scriptural exegesis, Islamic theology, grammar, lexicography, literature, ophthalmology, astronomy and mathematics. During his lifetime, al-Qarafi was hailed as one of the greatest scholars. He is considered to be one of the prominent influential thinkers and pioneers. According to Ibn Farhun, Shafi'ites and Malikites were unanimous that the best scholars in Egypt were three in number: al-Qarafi in Old Cairo, Ibn al-Munayyir in Alexandria, and Ibn Daqiq al-'Id in Fatimid Cairo. Imam al-Suyuti counted him among the scholars who attained the rank of mujtahid mutlaq.
Abū Ḥayyān Athīr ad-Dīn al-Gharnāṭī, whose full name is Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf bin ‘Alī ibn Yūsuf ibn Hayyān, better known as Abū Ḥayyān al-Gharnati (Arabic: أبو حيان الغرناطي, was an Andalusian Sunni Islam scholar. He was the leading commentator on the Quran and foremost Arabic grammarian of his era. He was also regarded as the best scholar on Quranic recitation of his time. In addition, he was recognized for his scholarship in Islamic jurisprudence, hadith, and history.
Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥajjāj Yūsuf ibn al-Zakī ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yūsuf ibn ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Yūsuf al-Kalbī al-Quḍā'ī al-Mizzī,, also called Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abī al-Ḥajjāj, was a Syrian muhaddith and the foremost `Ilm al-rijāl Islamic scholar.
Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi was an Arab Muslim scholar, muhaddith, faqih (jurist), historian, genealogist and a Maliki qadi (judge) in Mecca.
Abū al-Ḥakam ʿAbd al-Salām b. ʿAbd al Raḥmān b. Abī al-Rijāl Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Lakhmī al-Ifrīqī al-Ishbīlī was an Arab Sufi figure of Al-Andalus, considered to be one of the greatest Sufi masters and hadith scholars. He spread his teachings in the first half of the 12th century.
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, or simply ibn Ḥajar, was a classic Islamic scholar "whose life work constitutes the final summation of the science of hadith." He authored some 150 works on hadith, history, biography, exegesis, poetry, and the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, the most valued of which being his commentary of Sahih al-Bukhari, titled Fath al-Bari. He is known by the honorific epithets Hafiz al-Asr "Hafiz of the Time", Shaykh al-Islam "Shaykh of Islam", and Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith "Leader of the Believers in Hadith".
Abū Yaḥyā b. Muḥammad b. Zakariyyā, Zayn al-Dīn al-Sunaykī also known as Zakariyyā al-Ansārī was an Egyptian Sunni polymath. He is considered the leading specialist in fiqh, usul al-fiqh, hadith, usul al-hadith, tafsir, ulum al-Qur'an, Qu'ranic recitation, grammar, linguistic, rhetoric, philology, history, literature, genealogy, kalam, logic and Sufism. He also excelled in other sciences such as medicine, engineering, astronomy, and mathematics.
Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, or al-Suyuti, was an Egyptian Sunni Muslim polymath of Persian descent. Considered the mujtahid and mujaddid of the Islamic 10th century, he was a leading muhaddith, mufassir, faqīh (jurist), usuli, sufi (mystic), theologian, grammarian, linguist, rhetorician, philologist, lexicographer and historian, who authored works in virtually every Islamic science. For this reason, he was honoured one of the most prestigious and rarest titles: Shaykh al-Islām.
Akmal al-Din al-Babarti, was a Hanafi scholar, jurist, scholastic Maturidi theologian, mufassir, muhaddis, grammarian (nahawi), an eloquent orator, and prolific author with more than 40 works to his name.
'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari, was a Hanafi jurist (faqih), Maturidi theologian, commentator of the Qur'an (mufassir), and a mystic (Sufi).
Abū Hafs Sirāj al-Dīn al-Bulqīnī ; also known as just Sirajuddin al-Bulqini was an Egyptian scholar of Islamic Jurisprudence. Regarded as the foremost leading Shafi'i jurist of his time. He was known to have reached ijtihad in the science of jurisprudence.
Ahmad bin Ismail al-Jazyiri al-Najafi ; died 1736) was an Iranian-Iraqi Ja'fari jurist and writer, best known for his 1726 work Qalāʼid al-durar fī bayān āyāt al-aḥkām bi-al-Athār which is written about Quran-Fiqh relation by focusing on juristic verses.
Tanbih al-Ghabi bi-Tabri'at Ibn 'Arabi is a booklet written by the Shafi'i-Ash'ari scholar Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti as a response to the book Tanbih al-Ghabi ila Takfir Ibn 'Arabi by Burhan al-Din al-Biqa'i in which al-Suyuti defended Ibn 'Arabi against his critics in general, and against accusations of heresy and unbelief by al-Biqa'i in particular. Al-Suyuti said:
The scholars past and present have differed concerning Ibn 'Arabi, one group considering him a wali of Allah - and they are correct - such as Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Sakandari and 'Afif al-Din al-Yafi'i, another considering him a heretic - such as a large number of the jurists - while others expressed doubts concerning him, among them al-Dhahabi in al-Mizan. Two opposed verdicts are reported from Shaykh 'Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam, one attacking him, and one describing him as the Spiritual Pole (al-Qutb). What reconciles them is indicated by Shaykh Taj al-Din ibn 'Ata' Allah in Lata'if al-Minan, namely, that Shaykh 'Izz al-Din at the beginning acted in the fashion of jurists in passing quick judgment on the Sufis. When Shaykh Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili went to pilgrimage and returned, he came to Shaykh 'Izz al-Din before entering his own house and conveyed to him the Prophet's ﷺ greeting. After that, Shaykh 'Izz al-Din humbled himself and began to sit in al-Shadhili's gatherings...
Burhān al-Dīn al-Biqāʿī was a 15th-century Muslim scholar of the Shafi'i school of Islamic thought. He was an exegete as well as a prominent critic of the Andalusian philosopher, Ibn Arabi. He is remembered most for his method to Tafsir (exegesis) involving quoting from biblical sources such as the Hebrew Bible.
