 | |
| Editor-in-chief | Alberto Cianca |
|---|---|
| Categories | Satirical magazine |
| Frequency | Weekly |
| Founder | Alberto Giannini |
| First issue | 13 January 1924 |
| Final issue | 1926 |
| Country | Italy |
| Based in | Rome |
| Language | Italian |
Il Becco Giallo (Italian: 'Yellow Beak') was an antifascist satirical magazine in the 1920s in Italy. [1] The magazine existed between 1924 and 1926.
Il Becco Giallo was founded by Alberto Giannini in 1924, [2] and the first issue appeared on 13 January that year. [3] The editorial column of the first issue sided clearly against fascism: [1]
[...] appoggiamo [...] con tutte le nostre energie l’opposizione la quale, al regime fascista di dittatoriale violenza che ha invertito tutti i valori morali e col terrorismo ha asservito l'Italia ad una banda di predoni, resiste eroicamente sfidando ogni giorno le più brutali aggressioni e lotta per la libertà soppressa, per la millenaria giustizia italiana conculcata, per la riconquista delle guarentigie costituzionali, per ridare prestigio all’Italia nel mondo.
[...] we support [...] with all our energy the opposition, which heroically resists the fascist regime of dictatorial violence that has inverted all moral values and through terrorism enslaved Italy to a band of raiders, and defies every day the most brutal aggression and struggle for suppressed freedom for the trampled thousand-year old Italian justice, for the restoration of constitutional guarantees, to restore prestige to Italy in the world.
Il Becco Giallo was based in Rome. [3] The editor-in-chief of the magazine which was published on a weekly basis was Alberto Cianca. [4] Contributors included Gabriele Galantara, founder and editor of L'Asino , [5] and Stefano Siglienti. [6] Luigi Pirandello, for his devotion to Benito Mussolini, was one of Il Becco Giallo 's satirical targets, and used to be called P.Randello (randello in Italian means 'club (weapon)'). [7] In 1926 the fascist regime forced Giannini to close it and emigrate to France. [2] [8] Editor-in-chief Alberto Cianca also fled to Paris where he managed to continue to publish Il Becco Giallo. [4]
On 1 August 1927 the new clandestine series of the magazine appeared in Paris, with co-editor Alberto Cianca, thanks to financial subsidies collected in Concentrazione Antifascista Italiana (Italian Anti-Fascist Concentration) circles through the intervention of Filippo Turati and the Italo-Argentine industrialist Torquato Di Tella, [9] and later also with the contribution of the Giustizia e Libertà movement. [10] The publications of the clandestine journal continued until August 1931 (77 issues in all), when the journal closed due to disagreements that arose between Carlo Rosselli, who guaranteed funding, and Giannini, who edited the journal.
In the same period, two magazines emerged in Italy that were characterized for developing an innovative surreal humour, the Bertoldo and the Marc'Aurelio ; the authors of these magazines were reactionaries that avoided political satire to comply with the regime. [1] [11]
Ferruccio Parri was an Italian partisan and anti-fascist politician who served as the 29th Prime Minister of Italy, and the first to be appointed after the end of World War II. During the war he was also known by his nom de guerreMaurizio.
The Action Party was a liberal-socialist political party in Italy. The party was anti-fascist and republican. Its prominent leaders were Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri, Emilio Lussu and Ugo La Malfa. Other prominent members included Leone Ginzburg, Ernesto de Martino, Norberto Bobbio, Riccardo Lombardi, Vittorio Foa and the Nobel-winning poet Eugenio Montale.
Giustizia e Libertà was an Italian anti-fascist resistance movement, active from 1929 to 1945. The movement was cofounded by Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri, who later became Prime Minister of Italy, and Sandro Pertini, who became President of Italy, were among the movement's leaders.
Carlo Alberto Rosselli was an Italian political leader, journalist, historian, philosopher and anti-fascist activist, first in Italy and then abroad. He developed a theory of reformist, non-Marxist socialism inspired by the British Labour movement that he described as "liberal socialism". Rosselli founded the anti-fascist militant movement Giustizia e Libertà. Rosselli personally took part in combat in the Spanish Civil War, where he served on the Republican side.
Concentrazione Antifascista Italiana, officially known as Concentrazione d'Azione Antifascista, was an Italian coalition of anti-fascist groups which existed from 1927 to 1934. It was formed in Paris on 27 March 1927 with the purpose of the organization of Italian antifascist forces in order to reorganize the anti-fascist movement abroad avoiding to repeat the old divisions existing in Italy before the establishment of the regime. The CAI made a public appeal signed by Claudio Treves and Giuseppe Emanuele Modigliani (PSLI), Pietro Nenni and Angelica Balabanoff (PSI), Fernando Schiavetti and Mario Pistocchi, Bruno Buozzi and Felice Quaglino (CGdL) and by Alceste De Ambris. Communists remained outside along with liberals, populars and others in order to keep contact with Italian masses «in their social defence and political resistance moves». The official weekly newspaper La Libertà was created on 1 May 1927 with Claudio Treves as director.
Claudio Treves was an Italian politician and journalist.
Il Mondo was an Italian afternoon political newspaper with headquarters in Rome. Founded in 1922, it was one of the last independent newspapers to be suppressed by the Fascist Regime in October 1926.
L'Asino was an Italian magazine of political satire founded in Rome in 1892, by Guido Podrecca (1865–1923) and Gabriele Galantara (1867–1937), a former mathematics student, designer and cartoonist, both with a socialist background. The two took the pseudonyms "Goliardo" (Podrecca) and "Ratalanga" (Galantara), and with these nicknames signed the outputs of the weekly. The magazine's title was from a saying of Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi that said that "the donkey is like the people: useful, patient and stubborn", which became the subtitle and the motto of the editors.
The Mazzini Society was an antifascist political association, formed on a democratic and republican basis, situating itself within the tradition of the Risorgimento, and created in the United States by Italian-American immigrants in the late 1930s. It was named after Giuseppe Mazzini, a leading figure of Italian reunification in the mid-19th century, who had worked from exile.
Alberto Tarchiani was an Italian journalist, politician, and diplomat.
Marc'Aurelio was an Italian satirical magazine, published between 1931 and 1958, and briefly resurrected in 1973.
Guido Ceronetti was an Italian poet, philosopher, novelist, translator, journalist and playwright. He was born in Turin, Italy.
The Italian partisan brigades were armed formations involved in the Italian resistance during the World War II.
The Women's Defence Groups were a multi-party organisation of women active during the Italian Resistance. The groups were formed in Milan in November 1943 as part of an initiative by the Italian Communist Party.
Stefano Siglienti was an Italian banker and politician who served as the minister of finance from 18 June until 12 December 1944. He held several banking posts until his death.
Alberto Cianca (1884–1966) was an Italian journalist and anti-fascist politician. He edited several significant publications, including Il Mondo, and served in the Parliament and Senate.
Giustizia e Libertà, also known as Quaderni di Giustizia e Libertà, was an Italian anti-Fascist publication that was founded by the members of an anti-Fascist movement with the same name established in Paris. The magazine existed between May 1934 and May 1940. Its subtitle was Movimento unitario per l’autonomia operaia, la repubblica socialista, un nuovo umanesimo.
Lelio Bonaccorso, is an Italian comic artist and illustrator.
Carlo Francovich was an Italian politician, partisan and literary historian.
Paolo Spriano was an Italian historian of the Italian labor and communist movement.
Media related to Il Becco Giallo at Wikimedia Commons
