 a number of May 1757 | |
| Founder(s) | Antonio Bernardi |
|---|---|
| Founded | 14 August 1749 |
| Language | Italian |
| Ceased publication | 15 June 1859 |
| City | Modena |
Il Messaggiere, from 1800 Il Messaggere (English: "The Messenger"), was a newspaper published in Modena between 1749 and 1859, with some interruptions during the Napoleonic era. It was the official newspaper of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio.
After the last number in 1700 of the Modona no other newspaper was printed in Modena till Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena, requested to Abbot Antonio Bernardi to start publishing the Messaggiere. [1] Bernardi, whose nickname was as Abate Falloppia, used to publish in Venice an handwritten avviso titled Europa [lower-alpha 1] and moved to Modena in summer 1749. The first number of the Messaggiere is dated 14 August 1749. [1] [lower-alpha 2] It was issued on a weekly basis the Wednesdays and the printers had been Tip. Zuliani Claudio e Antonio and later Soliani Bartolomeo. [3]
An article published in the Messaggiere on 27 July 1756 hurt the prime minister Felice Antonio Bianchi, who obtained from the Duke the dismissal of Bernardi: his last number of the newspaper was published on 25 August 1756. [lower-alpha 3] On 1 September 1756 the newspaper was issued by the new publisher Pellegrino Niccolò Loschi. [4] [lower-alpha 4] It was always issued on a weekly basis and the printers was Tip. Eredi di Bartolomeo Soliani. [3] The image near the title was a courier riding a horse to a town on the right: on 25 May 1757 the image was reverted, with the town on the left. [2]
The newspaper covered the main public events in Modena but most of the space was dedicated to foreign affairs, in particular to the ones relevant to the Habsburg Empire. To Loschi followed other publishers, all very careful to follow the political line of the Duke: Camillo Tori from 6 June 1759, Mr. Renza from 1761, Giuseppe Maria Cavi from 1770, Giovan Battista Munarini from 1782 to 1796. [5]
From 1 July 1767 the design of the first page changed: the only image was the coat of arms of the House of Este, who ruled the Duchy of Modena, without headlines and the title was Il Messaggiere nestled into the coat of arms. From 1 March 1780 it retained only the coat of arms without any title.
The last number of the Messaggiere during the Ancien Régime was published on 4 May 1796, three days before the Duke Ercole III d'Este fled to Venice because of the French invasion. During the Napoleonic era the Messaggiere returned to be published two times, from 22 January to 18 June 1800 and from 16 January to 27 December 1805, always edited by the Soliani with the coat of arms of the Este and the usual title. [5] The closures were due in 1800 to the victory of Napoleon in the Battle of Marengo and in 1805 to disagreements with the French government.
With the dissolution of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1814, following the Battle of Waterloo, the Duchy of Modena and Reggio was restored, and the newspaper was again published by the Solians starting from 4 January 1815, with the title Il Messaggiere Modenese on a biweekly basis. [3] In 1822 it passed from the Soliani Printing house to the Printing press of the Government. [lower-alpha 5] [5]
As the official newspaper of Duchy it run till 18 April 1848, when it ceased due to the Revolutions of 1848. The Il Messaggere was published again from 1 September 1848, [lower-alpha 6] merging also the experience of other reactionary newspapers published in Modena. [lower-alpha 7] The newspaper in these years had had a circulation of about five hundred copies, [5] and was published three times a week, on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and sometimes also the Saturdays in a half edition.
After the Battle of Magenta, on 11 June 1859 Francis V, Duke of Modena fled marking the end of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. The 10 June the Messaggere had been published in the usual form for the last time, on 15 June it retained the old name but substituted the coat of arms of the House of Austria-Este with the one of the House of Savoy, on 20 June it changed the name into Gazzetta di Modena.
The Gazzetta di Modena, which wanted to be the official newspaper of the Government of the town, had a circulation of about two thousand copies. The last number was published on 30 October 1862. [5]
The House of Este is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries.
The 1848 Revolutions in the Italian states, part of the wider Revolutions of 1848 in Europe, were organized revolts in the states of the Italian peninsula and Sicily, led by intellectuals and agitators who desired a liberal government. As Italian nationalists they sought to eliminate reactionary Austrian control. During this time, Italy was not a unified country, and was divided into many states, which, in Northern Italy, were ruled directly or indirectly by the Austrian Empire. A desire to be independent from foreign rule, and the conservative leadership of the Austrians, led Italian revolutionaries to stage revolution in order to drive out the Austrians. The revolution was led by the state of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Some uprisings in the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, particularly in Milan, forced the Austrian General Radetzky to retreat to the Quadrilateral fortresses.
The Duchy of Modena and Reggio was an Italian state created in 1452 located in Northwestern Italy, in the present day region of Emilia-Romagna. It was ruled since its establishment by the noble House of Este, and from 1814 by the Austria-Este branch of the family. The Este dynasty was a great sponsor of the arts, making the Duchy a cultural reference during the Renaissance and Baroque periods.
Francis V, Duke of Modena, Reggio and Guastalla, Archduke of Austria-Este, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Duke of Mirandola and of Massa, Prince of Carrara was a reigning prince. He was Duke of Modena, Reggio, and Mirandola, Duke of Guastalla from 1847 and Duke of Massa and Prince of Carrara from 1846 to 1859. His parents were Francis IV of Modena and Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy. He was the last reigning duke of Modena before the duchy was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy.
This is a list of rulers of the estates owned by the Este family, which main line of Marquesses rose in 1039 with Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan. The name "Este" is related to the city where the family came from, Este.
Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria-Este was a son of Holy Roman Emperor Franz I and Maria Theresa of Austria. He was the founder of the House of Austria-Este and Governor of the Duchy of Milan between 1765 and 1796. He was also designated as the heir to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, but he never reigned, owing to the Napoleonic Wars.
Virginia de' Medici was an Italian princess, a member of the House of Medici and by marriage Duchess of Modena and Reggio.
Sassuolo is an Italian town, comune, and industrial centre of the Province of Modena in Emilia-Romagna.
Ercole III d'Este was Duke of Modena and Reggio from 1780 to 1796, and later of Breisgau. He was a member of the House of Este.
Lodovico Ricci (1742–1799) was an Italian historian and economist.
Ciro Menotti was an Italian patriot.
The Archdiocese of Modena–Nonantola is a Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. It existed as the Diocese of Modena in central Italy from the 4th century. Originally it was a suffragan the diocese of Milan, but later became a suffragan of Ravenna. Because of the schism of the Antipope Clement III, Pope Paschal II released Modena from obedience to the church of Ravenna, but Pope Gelasius II restored the previous status. Modena continued as a suffragan of Ravenna until 1582, when the Archdiocese of Bologna was created by Pope Sixtus V in the Bull Universi orbis of 1 December 1582, and was assigned Modena as one of its suffragans.
Girolamo Graziani was an Italian poet and diplomat.
Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina was sovereign Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara from 1731 until her death in 1790. From 1780, she also formally held the title of Duchess consort of Modena and Reggio as the wife Ercole III d'Este.
The Order of the Eagle of Este is a knighthood order of the dynastic house of Duchy of Modena and Reggio, a former sovereign state before the Italian unification.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.
Giovanni Rocca was an Italian engraver.
The Castle of the Pico is a castle in the city center of Mirandola, in the province of Modena, Italy.
Lodovico Scapinelli was an Italian philologist and poet.