Imrana Jalal, also known as Patricia Jalal, is a Fijian lawyer and activist of Indian descent.
Jalal served as a Human Rights Commissioner on the Fiji Human Rights Commission, and human rights advisor to the Pacific Regional Rights Resource Team and the United Nations United Nations Development Program and as a member of the Geneva-based International Commission of Jurists, [1] to which she was elected in May 2006. She is a founding member of the Fiji Women's Rights Movement. She continues[ when? ] to sit on its board as a non-residential Permanent Founding Member. She is associated with the international networks Women Living Under Muslim Law (Pakistan), and the Asia Pacific Forum for Women, Law and Development (Thailand). Jalal worked at the Asian Development Bank in Manila, Philippines for 7 years, as a Principal Social Development Specialist (Gender & Development). Jalal was appointed to the Inspection Panel of the World Bank in January 2018 for a term of 5 years. She was made Chair of the Inspection Panel in December 2018 and will hold that position until June 2021, making her a Vice-President of the World Bank. Jalal is currently working full-time and is based in Washington, D.C., US, at the World Bank HQ. [2] The Inspection Panel is the World Bank's international accountability mechanism, receiving complaints against the Bank's projects and investments in the developing world.
In January 2023 she was awarded the Ruth Bader Ginsburg Medal of Honour by the World Jurists Association for her work on strengthening the rule of law. [3]
Jalal is an international human rights lawyer and women's rights activist known as an outspoken opponent of the Military regime that seized power on 5 December 2006. She was until recently a gender specialist at the Asian Development Bank in Manila. In January 2018 she was appointed as an Inspection Panel member of the World Bank's Inspection Panel. In December 2018 she will take over as Chair of the Panel. The Inspection Panel is the World Bank's accountability mechanism.
The Fiji Times reported on 11 December 2006 that she had filed a complaint on 5 December, alleging that an anonymous male caller had threatened to publish embarrassing details about Jalal's personal life, if she did not stop opposing the Military junta that had taken power. "I am not pro-Qarase. I am pro-democracy and for the rule of law," the Times quoted her as having said the previous day (10 December). She claimed the call had been traced to a telephone box close to the Queen Elizabeth Barracks at Nabua.
The Fiji Sun later clarified on 15 December that she accused the anonymous caller of threatening her with rape. Military spokesman Major Neumi Leweni denied any knowledge of the threats. On 19 December, the Fiji Sun quoted Josaia Rasiga, the Police Criminal Investigations Director, as saying that Jalal had lodged a complaint that was being investigated.
On 14 December, the Military administration terminated Jalal's membership of the board of Posts Fiji. The Fiji Times reported on 20 December that she had refused to accept her termination, and sent apologies for her absence from a meeting while traveling. A source told the Times that she had warned the board chairman, Mahendra Patel, that if he withheld any papers from her, he would later have to answer for it in a court of law.
On 23 December, Commodore Frank Bainimarama, Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces, accused Jalal, along with women's rights campaigner Virisila Buadromo, of having published his personal e-mail address and mobile telephone number in newspapers, which was creating difficulties for him.
Jalal, who hails from Suva, Fiji, has been married since 2003 to an indigenous Fijian chief, Ratu Sakiusa Tuisolia. [4] He, too, was dismissed by the Military from a senior civil service position, as chief executive officer of Airports Fiji Limited.[ citation needed ]
Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 until her death in 2020. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton to replace retiring justice Byron White, and at the time was viewed as a moderate consensus-builder. Ginsburg was the first Jewish woman and the second woman to serve on the Court, after Sandra Day O'Connor. During her tenure, Ginsburg authored the majority opinions in cases such as United States v. Virginia (1996), Olmstead v. L.C. (1999), Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), and City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York (2005). Later in her tenure, Ginsburg received attention for passionate dissents that reflected liberal views of the law. She was popularly dubbed "the Notorious R.B.G.", a moniker she later embraced.
United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996), was a landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the long-standing male-only admission policy of the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in a 7–1 decision. Justice Clarence Thomas, whose son was enrolled at the university at the time, recused himself.
Linda Diane Redlick Hirshman was an American lawyer, pundit, academic, and author. She began her career practicing as union-side labor lawyer and argued before the Supreme Court of the United States. She next taught law and philosophy at Chicago-Kent College of Law and Brandeis University, then wrote books focused on law, women, and social movements, including the New York Times best-sellerSisters in Law, which describes Supreme Court justices Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Hirshman was also known for her 2005 article "Homeward Bound", in which she prominently and controversially criticized the absence of women from the workplace, urging women in high-status jobs to continue pursuing careers rather than become homemakers.
Virisila Buadromo is a Fijian political activist and former journalist, who was the executive director of the Fiji Women's Rights Movement (FWRM) from 2001 to 2015. She used to be the news director for FM96.
Devanesh Sharma is a Fijian lawyer of Indian descent. He was the president of the Fiji Law Society for one year. In his capacity as president of the law society, he made many comments on the proceedings of the interim Government, led by Frank Bainimarama, and how the society did not agree with what the interim regime was doing.
Nazhat Shameem Khan is a Fijian diplomat and former judge who served as the Permanent Representative of Fiji to the United Nations from 2014 to 2022. She was also the President of the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2021. She served as a judge of the High Court of Fiji from 1999 to 2009, the first woman to do so. She is currently a Deputy Prosecutor for the International Criminal Court.
Shamima Ali is a Fijian political activist of Indian descent. As of July 2015, she is the Coordinator of the Fiji Women's Crisis Centre (FWCC), a post she has held for many years. She has also been a member of the Fiji Human Rights Commission (FHRC).
Ratu Sakiusa Tuisolia also known as Tu Saki is a Fijian chief from the province of Naitasiri, an economist and businessman, and a former civil servant who served for seven years as an economist with the Ministry of Finance and National Planning, then another seven years as Chief Policy Adviser to three successive Fijian Prime Ministers and was also Deputy CEO in the Office of the Prime Minister. He is married to Fijian lawyer Imrana Jalal.
Angenette (Angie) Heffernan is a Fijian human rights and democracy activist and executive director of the Pacific Centre for Public Integrity (PCPI). Prior to PCPI she was a prominent regional environmental political campaigner for Greenpeace Australia for eight years, during which she campaigned against Japanese plutonium shipments in the South Pacific. She established the Pacific Centre for Public Integrity with Suliana Siwatibau and social justice campaigner Aisake Casimira to combat perceived corruption and bad governance in the Pacific region, She is known for her strong stance against political and state corruption and for her outspoken opposition to the 2006 Fijian coup d'état.
Erwin Nathaniel Griswold was an American appellate attorney and legal scholar who argued many cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. Griswold served as Solicitor General of the United States (1967–1973) under Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard M. Nixon. He also served as the dean of Harvard Law School for 21 years. Several times he was considered for appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court. During a career that spanned more than six decades, he served as member of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and as president of the American Bar Foundation.
Barbara Lagoa is an American attorney and jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. Prior to becoming a federal judge, she was the first Latina and Cuban American woman appointed to serve as a justice of the Supreme Court of Florida.
Cornelia Thayer Livingston Pillard, known professionally as Nina Pillard, is an American lawyer and jurist serving since 2013 as a U.S. circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Before becoming a judge, Pillard was a law professor at Georgetown University.
Violence against women in Fiji is recognised to be "pervasive, widespread and a serious national issue" in the Pacific Island region. Fiji's rates of violence against women are "among the very highest in the world". The Fiji Women's Crisis Centre reports that 64% of women who have been in intimate relationships have experienced physical or sexual violence from their partner, including 61% who were physically attacked and 34% who were sexually abused.
The Fiji Women's Rights Movement (FWRM) is a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural organisation based in Suva, Fiji, that works to remove discrimination against women through attitudinal changes and institutional reforms. FWRM believes in the practice and promotion of feminism, democracy, good governance and human rights. FWRM is known for its public opposition to military rule in Fiji since the first coup in 1987, and for its innovative approaches and core programmes related to intergenerational women's leadership in Fiji, particularly young, indigenous and locally-born women.
On the Basis of Sex is a 2018 American biographical legal drama film based on the life and early cases of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who was the second woman to serve as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Directed by Mimi Leder and written by Daniel Stiepleman, it stars Felicity Jones as Ginsburg. Armie Hammer, Justin Theroux, Jack Reynor, Cailee Spaeny, Sam Waterston, and Kathy Bates feature in supporting roles.
RBG is a 2018 American documentary film focusing on the life and career of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the second female Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States after Sandra Day O'Connor. After premiering at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival, the film was released in the United States on May 4, 2018. The film was directed and produced by Betsy West and Julie Cohen.
Sisters in Law: How Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg Went to the Supreme Court and Changed the World is a 2015 non-fiction book by Linda Hirshman. The book examines the legal careers and judicial records of Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the first and second women appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States.
The World Peace & Liberty Award is a recognition granted since 1965 by the World Jurist Association, recognizing outstanding world personalities for their role in the defense of the Rule of Law in opposition to the use of force.
Kamal Kumar was a Fijian jurist who served as Chief Justice of Fiji from 2019 to 2023.
Shireen Rexina Lateef was a Fijian women's rights activist, known for her work on gender equality at the Asian Development Bank.