Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004 and the eighth vice president under President Abdurrahman Wahid from 1999 to 2001.
Abdurrahman Wahid, more colloquially known as Gus Dur, was an Indonesian politician and Islamic religious leader who served as the fourth president of Indonesia, from his election in 1999 until he was removed from office in 2001. A long time leader within the Nahdlatul Ulama organization, he was the founder of the National Awakening Party (PKB). He was the son of Minister of Religious Affairs Wahid Hasyim, and the grandson of Nahdatul Ulama founder Hasyim Asy'ari. Due to a visual impairment caused by glaucoma, he was blind in the left eye and partially blind in his right eye. He was the first president of Indonesia to have had physical disabilities. The name Abdurrahman Wahid means "Servant of Mercy the First."
The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle is a centre to centre-left secular-nationalist political party in Indonesia. Since 2014, it has been the ruling and largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR), having won 110 seats in the latest election. The party is led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, who served as the president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004.
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 5 July and 20 September 2004. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held, in which Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated Megawati Sukarnoputri and was elected president. They were the first direct presidential elections in the history of Indonesia; prior to a 2002 amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia, both the president and vice president had been elected by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).
Nahdlatul Ulama is an Islamic organization in Indonesia. Its membership numbered over 40 million in 2023, making it the largest Islamic organization in the world. NU is also a charitable body funding schools and hospitals as well as organizing communities to help alleviate poverty.
Kwik Kian Gie is an Indonesian economist and politician who served as the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs from 1999 to 2000, the Minister of National Development Planning from 2001 to 2004, as well as briefly serving as the Deputy Speakers of the People's Consultative Assembly in 1999. He is a prominent Indonesian economist who often wrote columns in the newspaper KOMPAS criticizing the policies of the Suharto administration in the late 1980s and 1990s.
The Post-Suharto era is the contemporary history in Indonesia, which began with the resignation of authoritarian president Suharto on 21 May 1998. Since his resignation, the country has been in a period of transition known as the Reform era. This period has been characterised by a more open political-social environment and grassroots economic improvement.
Yusril Ihza Mahendra is an Indonesian lawyer, politician and academic, who is currently serving as the leader of the Crescent Star Party (PBB) from 2015 to 2024. Previously, he served as the leader of the PBB from 1998 until 2005, Minister of Justice and Human Rights from 2004 until 2007 and 2024 until 2029, and member of the People's Representative Council from 1999 until 2009.
Muhammad Taufiq Kiemas was an Indonesian politician who served as the Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly of Indonesia from 2009 until his death in 2013. A member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), he was the husband of party chairwoman Megawati Sukarnoputri, president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. He remains Indonesia's only first gentleman.
The president of the Republic of Indonesia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president is the leader of the executive branch of the Indonesian government and the supreme commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police. Since 2004, the president and vice president have been directly elected to a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum of 10 years in office. The current president of Indonesia is Prabowo Subianto, who assumed office on 20 October 2024.
The Parliamentary Complex of Indonesia, also known as the MPR/DPR/DPD Building, is the seat of government for the Indonesian legislative branch of government, which consists of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the House of Representatives (DPR) and the Regional Representative Council (DPD).
Achmad Hasyim Muzadi was an Indonesian Islamic scholar and cleric who served as chairman of the Nahdlatul Ulama, from 1999 to 2010. The founder and director of the Al-Hikam Islamic boarding school, he was a proponent of moderate Islam, which he defined as being neither radical nor liberal, and criticized both Islamic fundamentalism and Islamic liberalism. Hasyim was the vice presidential running mate of President Megawati Sukarnoputri in the 2004 Indonesian presidential election, though the ticket was defeated in a runoff. He subsequently served in the Presidential Advisory Council from 2015 until his death.
Abdul Muhaimin Iskandar, also colloquially known as Cak Imin or Gus Imin, is an Indonesian politician, serving as a legislator, the Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives since 2019, and the chairman of the National Awakening Party (PKB) since 2005. Previously, he served as Deputy Speaker of the People's Representative Council from 1999 until 2009, the Minister of Manpower from 2009 until 2014, and the Deputy Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly from 2018 until 2019. He was a vice presidential candidate in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election, as the running mate of Anies Baswedan.
Laksamana Sukardi is an Indonesian politician, reformist and banker who served as Minister of State Owned Enterprises (BUMN) under the presidencies of Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri.
Salahuddin Wahid, colloquially known as Gus Solah, was an Indonesian Islamic scholar and politician. He originated from a Nahdlatul Ulama family, and was the younger brother of Indonesian president Abdurrahman Wahid. He served in the country's People's Consultative Assembly (1998–1999), and as the vice chair of the National Commission on Human Rights (2002–2004). During the 2004 Indonesian presidential election, he became the running mate to Wiranto, though the ticket lost the election.
From 20 to 21 October 1999, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the legislative branch of Indonesia, met to elect both the president and vice president of the country for a five-year term. The incumbent president, B. J. Habibie, declined to stand for election. On 20 October, Abdurrahman Wahid, chairman of the Nahdlatul Ulama, was elected president and inaugurated on the same day. Wahid's opponent, Megawati Sukarnoputri was subsequently elected vice president the next day. The elections represented the first relatively democratic and peaceful transfer of power in the history of Indonesia.
The Memorandum of the President of the Republic of Indonesia of 23 July 2001 was issued by the fourth President of Indonesia, Abdurrahman Wahid, at the climax of his standoff with the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) and other sections of society, including the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI).
Abdurrahman Wahid, also known as Gus Dur, was impeached and dismissed as the fourth president of Indonesia on 23 July 2001, after he issued a decree to dissolve the Indonesian legislature and suspend the Golkar Party.
The inauguration of Megawati Sukarnoputri as the fifth president of Indonesia took place on Monday, 23 July 2001. The ceremony was held at the Parliamentary Complex shortly after the MPR vote her to become president, the ceremony also marked the end of Abdurrahman Wahid's term as president following his impeachment after the presidential decree on the same day.
On Wednesday, 20 October 2004, President-elect Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was inaugurated as the 6th president of Indonesia. Yudhoyono was the first democratically and directly elected president of Indonesia, as the previous presidents were elected by the People's Consultative Assembly.
