The Independent Voters Association, or IVA, was a North Dakota, United States, political organization.
It formed on May 1, 1918, at the height of the Nonpartisan League's influence on the North Dakota Republican Party. The IVA was a conservative, capitalist faction created to counter the NPL's socialist leanings. Its leading founder was E. W. Everson who had served from 1913 to 1918 in the North Dakota State House of Representatives. As the NPL went into decline during the 1940s, most of the goals of the IVA had been met, and it eventually disbanded. Its most notable success was the 1921 North Dakota gubernatorial recall election, which resulted in Ragnvald A. Nestos replacing Lynn Frazier as Governor of North Dakota. [1] [2]
Lynn Joseph Frazier was an American educator and politician who served as the 12th Governor of North Dakota from 1917 until being recalled in 1921 and later served as a U.S. Senator from North Dakota from 1923 to 1941. He was the first American governor ever successfully recalled from office. The only other American governor to ever be recalled is Gray Davis, who was recalled in 2003.
The Nonpartisan League (NPL) was a left-wing political party founded in 1915 in North Dakota by Arthur C. Townley, a former organizer for the Socialist Party of America. On behalf of small farmers and merchants, the Nonpartisan League advocated state control of mills, grain elevators, banks, and other farm-related industries in order to reduce the power of corporate and political interests from Minneapolis and Chicago.
Ragnvald Anderson Nestos was a Norwegian-American politician who served as the 13th Governor of North Dakota from 1921 to 1925.
William Frederick Lemke was an American politician who represented North Dakota in the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Republican Party. He was also the Union Party's presidential candidate in the 1936 presidential election.
The North Dakota Republican Party is the North Dakota affiliate of the United States Republican Party.
The 1921 North Dakota gubernatorial recall election was a recall election of North Dakota Governor Lynn Frazier in 1921. Frazier was the first U.S. governor ever successfully recalled from office; there would not be another successful recall of a governor until California Governor Gray Davis was recalled in 2003.
Arthur Charles Townley was an American political organizer best known as the founder of the National Non-Partisan League (NPL), a farmers' organization which had considerable political success in the states of North Dakota and Minnesota during the second half of the 1910s.
William "Wild Bill" Langer was a prominent American lawyer and politician from North Dakota, where he was an infamous character, bouncing back from a scandal that forced him out of the governor's office and into multiple trials. He was the 17th and 21st governor of North Dakota from 1932 to 1934 and from 1937 to 1939.
Arthur Gustave Sorlie was an American businessman and politician who served as the 14th Governor of North Dakota from 1925 until his death in 1928 at the age of 54.
John N. Hagan was a North Dakota Republican/NPL politician who served as the North Dakota Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor from 1917 to 1921 and from 1937 to 1938. He is one of three politicians in the state ever to be recalled; he was recalled during his first time in the office along with fellow NPL politicians Governor of North Dakota Lynn J. Frazier and North Dakota Attorney General William Lemke in 1921.
Carl R. Kositzky was a North Dakota public servant and politician with the Republican Party who served as the North Dakota State Auditor from 1917 to 1920.
Howard R. Wood (1887–1958) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the 12th Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota under Governors Lynn Frazier and Ragnvald A. Nestos.
The politics of North Dakota were shaped historically by early settlement by people from the Northern Tier, who carried their politics west ultimately from New England, upstate New York, and the Upper Midwest. The area and state also received numerous European immigrants and migrants, particularly during the era of opening up of former Native American lands for sale and settlement.
The 1924 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1924.
The 1922 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1922. Incumbent Republican Ragnvald Nestos defeated Nonpartisan League nominee William Lemke with 57.65% of the vote.
Minnie Jean Nielson was an American educator and literacy activist from North Dakota. She served as the eleventh North Dakota Superintendent of Public Instruction from 1919 to 1926.
Neil Carnot Macdonald was an American educator from North Dakota. He served as the tenth North Dakota Superintendent of Public Instruction from 1917 to 1918.
George E. Wallace was an American lawyer and politician from North Dakota. He served as the first North Dakota Tax Commissioner from 1919 to 1921.
O. E. Lofthus was a teacher, banker, and politician who served as the North Dakota state bank examiner from 1919 to 1921.
George A. Totten Sr. was an American minister, newspaper publisher, and politician. He served on the now-defunct North Dakota Board of Regents (1917-1919) and the North Dakota Board of Administration (1919-1921).