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| Elections in North Dakota |
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The 1921 North Dakota gubernatorial recall election was a recall election of North Dakota Governor Lynn Frazier in 1921. Frazier was the first U.S. governor ever successfully recalled from office; there would not be another successful recall of a governor until California Governor Gray Davis was recalled in 2003.
The recall stemmed from the conflict between the socialist-leaning Nonpartisan League, of which Governor Frazier was a member, and the Independent Voters Association, a conservative and ‘pro-free market’ faction. Frazier and his party supported state ownership of industries, while the IVA opposed it. A dispute broke out specifically over government ownership of the Bank of North Dakota and State Mill and Elevator. [2]
By September, the campaigners had been able to gather 73,000 names on petitions asking for the recall of Frazier, Attorney General William Lemke, and Commissioner of Agriculture John Hagan. These men made up the Industrial Commission, which acts as a board of directors for the state-owned entities. [2] The date of the recall was set for October 28, 1921. [2]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican/IVA | Ragnvald A. Nestos | 111,425 | 50.9 | |
| Non-Partisan League | Lynn Frazier (incumbent) | 107,332 | 49.1 | |
| Margin of victory | 4,093 | 1.8 | ||
| Total votes | 218,757 | 100 | ||
| Republican/IVA gain from Non-Partisan League | ||||
In the October 28 vote, Ragnvald A. Nestos was elected as governor by a margin of 4,093. [3] He was sworn in on November 23.
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.
A recall election is a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a referendum before that official's term of office has ended. Recalls appear in the constitution in ancient Athenian democracy. Even where they are legally available, recall elections are only commonly held in a small number of countries including Peru, Ecuador, and Japan. They are considered by groups such as ACE Electoral Knowledge Network as the most rarely used form of direct democracy.
Lynn Joseph Frazier was an American educator and politician who served as the 12th governor of North Dakota from 1917 until being recalled in 1921 and later served as a U.S. Senator from North Dakota from 1923 to 1941. He was the first American governor ever successfully recalled from office. The only other American governor to ever be recalled is Gray Davis, who was recalled in 2003.
The Nonpartisan League (NPL) was a left-wing political party founded in 1915 in North Dakota by Arthur C. Townley, a former organizer for the Socialist Party of America. On behalf of small farmers and merchants, the Nonpartisan League advocated state control of mills, grain elevators, banks, and other farm-related industries in order to reduce the power of corporate and political interests from Minneapolis and Chicago.
The 2003 California gubernatorial recall election was a special election permitted under California state law. It resulted in voters replacing incumbent Democratic Governor Gray Davis with Arnold Schwarzenegger, a Republican. The recall effort spanned the latter half of 2003. Seven of the nine previous governors, including Davis, had faced unsuccessful recall attempts.
Ragnvald Anderson Nestos was a Norwegian-American politician who served as the 13th governor of North Dakota from 1921 to 1925.
William Frederick Lemke was an American politician who represented North Dakota in the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Republican Party. He was also the Union Party's presidential candidate in the 1936 presidential election.
Arthur Charles Townley was an American political organizer best known as the founder of the National Non-Partisan League (NPL), a farmers' organization which had considerable political success in the states of North Dakota and Minnesota during the second half of the 1910s.
The Independent Voters Association, or IVA, was a North Dakota, United States, political organization.
Arthur Gustave Sorlie was an American businessman and politician who served as the 14th governor of North Dakota from 1925 until his death in 1928 at the age of 54.
United States gubernatorial elections were held in four states. Kentucky and Mississippi held their general elections on November 4. Louisiana held the first round of its jungle primary on October 4 and the runoff on November 15. In addition, California held a recall election on October 7.
John N. Hagan was a North Dakota Republican/NPL politician who served as the North Dakota Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor from 1917 to 1921 and from 1937 to 1938. He is one of three politicians in the state ever to be recalled; he was recalled during his first time in the office along with fellow NPL politicians Governor of North Dakota Lynn J. Frazier and North Dakota Attorney General William Lemke in 1921.
Howard R. Wood (1887–1958) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the 12th lieutenant governor of North Dakota under Governors Lynn Frazier and Ragnvald A. Nestos.
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1921, in two states.
The 1924 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1924.
The 1922 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1922. Incumbent Republican Ragnvald Nestos defeated Nonpartisan League nominee William Lemke with 57.65% of the vote.
The 2021 California gubernatorial recall election was a special recall election that began in August 2021 and concluded on September 14, 2021, when California voters chose not to recall incumbent Democratic governor Gavin Newsom, elected for the term January 2019 to January 2023.
George E. Wallace was an American lawyer and politician from North Dakota. He served as the first North Dakota Tax Commissioner from 1919 to 1921.
O. E. Lofthus was a teacher, banker, and politician who served as the North Dakota state bank examiner from 1919 to 1921.
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