Sindh is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeast of the country, it is the historical home of the Sindhi people. Sindh is the third largest province of Pakistan by area, and second largest province by population after Punjab. Sindh is bordered by Balochistan province to the west, and Punjab province to the north. Sindh also borders the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east, and Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar desert in the eastern portion of the province closest to the border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western part of Sindh.
Sindhi is an Indo-Aryan language of the historical Sindh region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, spoken by the Sindhi people. It is the official language of the Pakistani province of Sindh. In India, Sindhi is one of the scheduled languages officially recognized by the central government, though Sindhi is not an official language of any of the states in India.
The National Library of India on the Belvedere Estate in Alipore, Kolkata, is the largest library in India by volume, and India's library of public record. It is under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. The library is designated to collect, disseminate and preserve printed material produced in India. The library is situated on the scenic 30-acre (12 ha) Belvedere Estate. It is the largest in India with a collection in excess of 2.2 million books. Before independence, it was the official residence of Governor-General of India.
Sindhis are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group who speak the Sindhi language and are native to the Sindh province of Pakistan. After the partition of India in 1947, most Sindhi Hindus and Sindhi Sikhs migrated to the newly formed Dominion of India and other parts of the world. Today, ethnic Sindhis are both in India and Pakistan. Indian Sindhis are predominantly Hindu, while Pakistani Sindhis are predominantly Muslim.
Sindhology is a field of study and academic research that covers the history, society, culture, and literature of Sindh, a province of Pakistan. The subject was first brought into the academic circles with the establishment of the Institute of Sindhology at Sindh University in 1964. Since then, it has developed into a discipline that covers the aspects of history and archaeology from the Indus Valley Civilization to the modern Sindhi society. The subject has also received wider attention at international levels. An academic or expert who specialises in Sindhology is called a Sindhologist.
Indian Indonesians are a group of people who live in Indonesia and whose ancestors originally came from the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, this term can be regarded as a blanket term for not only Indonesian Indian proper, but also Indonesian Pakistanis. According to the Indian Ministry of External Affairs, there were about 120,000 people of Indian origin as well as 9,000 Indian nationals living and working in Indonesia as of January 2012. Most of them were concentrated in province of North Sumatra and urban areas such as Banda Aceh, Surabaya, Medan and Jakarta. However, it is almost impossible to get correct statistical figures on the Indian Indonesian population, because most them have merged and assimilated with the indigenous population to become indistinguishable from native Indonesians.
Sindhi literature, Sindhi-language literature in the Pakistani province of Sindh, consists of poetry and prose. It was influenced by a number of cultures over a thousand years.
Nabi Bakhsh Khan Baloch was a research scholar and writer. He was termed as a 'moving library' on the province of Sindh, Pakistan.
The Sikhs are adherents to Sikhism the fifth largest organized religion in the world, with around 27 million adherents. Sikh History is around 500 years and in that time the Sikhs have developed unique expressions of art and culture which are influenced by their faith and synthesize traditions from many other cultures depending on the locality of the adherents of the religion. Sikhism is the only religion that originated in the Punjab region with all other religions coming from outside Punjab. All the Sikh gurus, many saints and many of the martyrs in Sikh history were from Punjab and from the Punjabi people(as well as other parts of the Indian Subcontinent). Punjabi culture and Sikhism are mistakenly considered inseparably intertwined. "Sikh" properly refers to adherents of Sikhism as a religion, strictly not an ethnic group. However, because Sikhism has seldom sought converts, most Sikhs share strong ethno-religious ties as therefore it's a common stereotype that all Sikhs share the same ethnicity. Many countries, such as the U.K., therefore misconcievingly recognize Sikh as a designated ethnicity on their censuses. The American non-profit organization United Sikhs has fought to have Sikh included on the U.S. census as well, arguing that Sikhs "self-identify as an 'ethnic minority'" and believe "that they are more than just a religion".
Institute of Sindhology is one of the major resources on the history of Sindh. It was the first research institution of its kind, and brought Sindhology to the forefront of international research. Sindhology is referred to as knowledge about Sindh. The history and culture of Sindh has been shaped by the Indus river. The lifeline of Sindh, brings minerals and soil from the Himalayas to the region and flows into the Arabian Sea at the Indus River Delta located in Sindh. These factors define the scope of Sindhology: the study of antiquities, the relics, the history, and the culture both of ancient and modern Sindh, with particular reference to Sindhi society and literature. The institute provides a repository of this knowledge in the form of a research-oriented center of learning.
Sindhi Language Authority (SLA) is an autonomous body under the administrative control of the Culture Tourism and Antiquities Department of the Government of Sindh province in Pakistan. SLA was established under the act Use of Sindhi Language Act 1972, and the Teaching, Promotion and Use of Sindhi Language (Amendment) Act, 1990 of Government of Sindh Provincial Assembly. There is a Board of Governors to frame the policies for achieving the aims and objectives of authority and ensure their implementation. First Board of Governors was constituted under the chairmanship of renowned scholar and writer Dr. Nabi Bux Khan Baloch.
Imdad Hasnain is a Sindhi poet and an Urdu language writer of Pakistan.
Sindhis are a socio-ethnic group of people originating from Sindh, a province of modern-day Pakistan. After the 1947 partitioning of British India into India and Pakistan, many Sindhi Hindus migrated to India and some later settled in other parts of the world. As per the 2011 census of India 2011, there are 2,772,364 Sindhi speakers in India. There are also Sindhi Muslims living in India along the border of Sindh province of Pakistan.
Ghulam Rabbani Agro is a prominent name of Sindhi literature. He is the pioneer of revised-era of Sindhi short story in post-partition era. His literary career though started with Sindhi short story took many turns whereby he contributed a number of literary and scholarly articles on varied topics including history of Sindhi language, culture, religion, biographies of prominent personalities, and many more.
Sindhi Americans are Americans or residents of the United States who are of Sindhi descent. They are a subgroup of Pakistani Americans and Indian Americans.
Rita Kothari is a Gujarati and English language author and translator from Gujarat, India. In an attempt to preserve her memories and her identity as a member of the Sindhi people, Kothari wrote several books on partition and its effects on people. She has translated several Gujarati works into English.
Ishaq Samejo is Pakistani poet, writer and literary critic of Sindhi Language.
Shaukat Hussain Shoro is a famous short story writer, playwright and columnist of the Sindhi language.
Sobhraj Nirmaldas Fani was a Sindhi language prose writer and poet. He wrote very vauable books on History and archaeological sites of Sindh. He was also a scholar of Arabic and Persian languages.
Kala Prakash or was one of the best fiction writers and poetess's of Sindhi language. She was a novelist, short story writer and poetess. She authored more than 15 books and won the prestigious Sahitya Academy Award in 1994 from Government of India.
