Psilocybe cubensis,commonly known as the magic mushroom,shroom,golden halo,cube,or gold cap,is a species of psilocybin mushroom of moderate potency whose principal active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. It belongs to the fungus family Hymenogastraceae and was previously known as Stropharia cubensis. It is the best-known psilocybin mushroom due to its wide distribution and ease of cultivation. This mushroom being optimal for home cultivation specifically,as was suggested in the 1970s,is primarily what led to P. cubensis being the psilocybin mushroom species most common on the black market as a street drug.
Psilocybin mushrooms,commonly known as magic mushrooms or shrooms,are a polyphyletic informal group of fungi that contain psilocybin,which turns into psilocin upon ingestion. Biological genera containing psilocybin mushrooms include Psilocybe,Panaeolus,Inocybe,Pluteus,Gymnopilus,and Pholiotina.
The stoned ape theory is a controversial theory first proposed by American ethnobotanist and mystic Terence McKenna in his 1992 book Food of the Gods. The theory claims that the transition from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens and the cognitive revolution was caused by the addition of psilocybin mushrooms,specifically the mushroom Psilocybe cubensis, into the human diet around 100,000 years ago. Using evidence largely based on studies from Roland L. Fischer et al. from the 1960s and 1970s,he attributed much of the mental strides made by humans during the cognitive revolution to the effects of psilocybin intake found by Fischer.
Entheogenic drugs have been used by various groups for thousands of years. There are numerous historical reports as well as modern,contemporary reports of indigenous groups using entheogens,chemical substances used in a religious,shamanic,or spiritual context.
The U.S. state of Oregon has various policies restricting the production,sale,and use of different substances. In 2006,Oregon's per capita drug use exceeded the national average. The most used substances were marijuana,methamphetamine and illicit painkillers and stimulants.
The legal status of unauthorised actions with psilocybin mushrooms varies worldwide. Psilocybin and psilocin are listed as Schedule I drugs under the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Schedule I drugs are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse or drugs that have no recognized medical uses. However,psilocybin mushrooms have had numerous medicinal and religious uses in dozens of cultures throughout history and have a significantly lower potential for abuse than other Schedule I drugs.
Nikolas Schiller is an American blogger and drug policy reform activist who lives in Washington,DC. He is primarily known for developing Geospatial Art,which is the name he gave to his collection of abstract fantasy maps created from kaleidoscopic aerial photographs,and co-founding DCMJ,where he helped write Initiative 71,which legalized the cultivation and possession of small amounts of cannabis in the nation's capital.
Initiative 71 was a voter-approved ballot measure in Washington,D.C.,that legalized the recreational use of cannabis. The short title of the initiative was "Legalization of Possession of Minimal Amounts of Marijuana for Personal Use Act of 2014". The measure was approved by 64.87% of voters on November 4,2014 and went into full effect on February 26,2015.
Adam Eidinger is a Washington D.C. businessman and cannabis rights activist,known for his role in spearheading Initiative 71,which legalized cannabis in the District of Columbia in 2015.
In Washington,D.C.,cannabis is legal for both medical use and recreational use for possession,personal use,cultivation,transportation and gifting,and for retail sale once a regulatory system is implemented following an affirmative vote by the residents on a 2014 ballot initiative. The United States Congress exercises oversight over the government of the District of Columbia,preventing the local government from regulating cannabis sales like other jurisdictions with authority derived from a U.S. state.
This is an overview of the legality of ayahuasca by country. DMT,one of the active ingredients in ayahuasca,is classified as a Schedule I drug under the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances,meaning that international trade in DMT is supposed to be closely monitored;use of DMT is supposed to be restricted to scientific research and medical use. Natural materials containing DMT,including ayahuasca,are not regulated under the 1971 Psychotropic Convention. The majority of the world's nations classify DMT as a scheduled drug;however,few countries seem to have laws specifically addressing the possession or use of ayahuasca.
Oregon Psilocybin Society is a nonprofit organization founded in 2016 with the direct intention of creating awareness around and laying a foundation for the legislation of psilocybin services,a sequence of supervised sessions which includes the use of psychedelic psilocybin mushrooms for adults in the U.S. state of Oregon. The founders of the society,Sheri Eckert and Tom Eckert,are the Architects and Chief Petitioners of Measure 109,Introducing an initiative to Oregon state voters for 2020. This legislation will create legal access to psilocybin assisted services to any individual over 21 years of age,upon passing a risk assessment for contraindications. Psilocybin assisted services will be provided on-site at a licensed facility by a licensed facilitator. The service progression would include,at minimum,a preparation session,a psilocybin administration session,and an integration session. All sessions would be conducted by trained facilitators.
The movement to decriminalize psilocybin in the United States began in 2019 with Denver,Colorado,becoming the first city to decriminalize psilocybin in May of that year. The cities of Oakland and Santa Cruz,California,decriminalized psilocybin in June 2019 and January 2020,respectively. Washington,D.C.,followed suit in November 2020,as did Somerville,Massachusetts,in January 2021,and then the neighboring Cambridge and Northampton in February 2021 and March 2021,respectively. Seattle,Washington,became the largest U.S. city on the growing list in October 2021. Detroit,Michigan,followed in November 2021.
On November 3,2020,the District of Columbia held elections for several local and federal government offices. Its primary elections were held on June 2,2020.
In 2020,voters in the U.S. state of Oregon passed Ballot Measure 109,also known as the Oregon Psilocybin Services Act,allowing the "manufacture,delivery and administration" of psilocybin,a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug. While psilocybin remains illegal nationally,the passage of the law made Oregon the first U.S. state to legalize the drug. Per the law,psilocybin must be used for "personal development" and grown and administered in licensed environments. The ballot measure put in place a two-year period for the government to determine regulations around the law's implementation,such as what credentials will be needed for someone to administer the drug.
New Jersey Public Question 1,the Constitutional Amendment To Legalize Marijuana,was a measure that appeared on the November 3,2020 New Jersey general election ballot. Passing with the largest margin of victory of any statewide cannabis legalization ballot measure in US history,Question 1 legalized the possession and recreational use of cannabis;although planned to go into effect January 1,2021,implementation was delayed until February 22 due to a dispute between the governor and legislature over penalties for underage cannabis users. Retail sales are also allowed under the amendment.
Entheogenic drugs have been used by various groups for thousands of years. There are numerous historical reports as well as modern,contemporary reports of indigenous groups using entheogens,chemical substances used in a religious,shamanic,or spiritual context.
Heroic Hearts Project is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization,functioning as a support group for US military veterans. The project engages psychedelic therapy to help people suffering a range of psychological maladies,such as PTSD,MST,severe depression,anxiety,etс. The organization has also been instrumental in the ongoing movement to change state and federal drug policies and overcome the stigma around them.
Initiative 82 was a voter-approved ballot initiative in Washington,D.C.,to phase out the special minimum wage for tipped employees as part of the national Fight for $15 campaign. In the November 2022 general election,D.C. voters approved Initiative 82 by a margin of 74% to 26%,though about 12% of all participating voters did not vote on the initiative. It was nearly identical to Initiative 77,a ballot measure in the 2018 primary election that was approved by D.C. voters but later overturned by the D.C. Council before it could enter into force.
