The 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Beijing between November 8 and 14, 2002. It was preceded by the 15th National Congress and was succeeded by the 17th National Congress. 2,114 delegates and 40 specially invited delegates represented the party's estimated 66 million members.
The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) is the highest supervisory organ of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The CCDI is under the control of the CCP Central Committee, per the principle of unified power. It is tasked with defending the party constitution, enforcing inner-party regulations, coordinating anti-corruption work, and safeguarding the core position of Xi Jinping in the CCP Central Committee and the party as a whole. Safeguarding the political position of Xi and the Central Committee is, officially, the CCDI's highest responsibility. Since the vast majority of officials at all levels of government are also CCP members, the commission is, in practice, the top anti-corruption body in China.
The Ministry of Supervision of the People's Republic of China (MOS) was a Cabinet-level department of the State Council responsible for maintaining an efficient, disciplined, clean and honest government, and educate public servants about their duty and discipline. Many of its operations were merged with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Chinese Communist Party in 1993, meaning that the two institutions were effectively combined into a single body with mostly overlapping staff and jurisdiction. On 13 March 2018 it was dissolved and merged into the National Supervisory Commission.
The 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 17th Congress on 21 October 2007, and sat until the 18th National Congress in 2012. The 17th Central Committee is composed of full members and alternate members. It was followed by the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. A member has voting rights, while an alternate does not. If a full member is removed from the CC the vacancy is then filled by an alternate member at the next committee plenum — the alternate member who received the most confirmation votes in favor is highest on the order of precedence. To be elected to the Central Committee, a candidate must be a party member for at least five years.
He Yong is a retired Chinese politician. A military hardware technician by training, He rose through the ranks of the party in the 1980s, and joined the supervision and anti-corruption system in the 1990s. He served as the Minister of Supervision, as well as Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the top anti-corruption body of the party. Between 2002 and 2012, He was a member of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party.
The secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) is the head of the aforementioned body. The office is a leading political position, and the officeholder has been a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, the highest decision-making body of the Chinese Communist Party, since 19 September 1997. The current secretary is Li Xi, who was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on 23 October 2022 and approved by the 20th Central Committee on the same day. The role is roughly analogous to that of the Chairman of the Central Control Commission in other communist countries.
The 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 18th National Congress on 15 November 2012, and sat in plenary sessions until the communing of the 19th National Congress in 2017. It was formally proceeded by the 17th Central Committee.
Wang Min is a former politician of the People's Republic of China. He successively served as Communist Party Secretary of Liaoning province, Party Secretary and Governor of Jilin province, and Vice Governor of Jiangsu province. Once considered a promising future leader in the Communist Party, Wang retired from his provincial leadership positions in 2015, before coming under investigation for corruption in 2016. He was sentenced to life in prison upon being convicted on charges of bribery and dereliction of duty.
The Central Leading Group for Inspection Work is a coordination body set up under the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party for the purpose of managing party disciplinary inspections nationwide.
The Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China is the deputy to the Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. Normally there are several people serving as deputy secretary at any given time. As a rule of thumb, the deputy secretaries of the CCDI are ranked at the same level as a minister of the state; however, if they also hold seats on the Secretariat of the Central Committee, as was the case with He Yong and Zhao Hongzhu, then they are ranked one level higher, as a deputy national leader.
The Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission is the top disciplinary organ of the Central Military Commission of China. The CMCCDI has "dual responsibility" to the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Central Military Commission. The membership of the CMCCDI is selected by the Central Military Commission.
Xi Xiaoming is a disgraced Chinese judge, who served as Vice President of the Supreme People's Court, the top court and a fourth-ranked judge in China, between June 2004 and July 2015. In July 2015, he was abruptly removed from office by the Communist Party's top disciplinary body, suspected of corruption.
Yang Xiaochao is a Chinese politician and senior auditor who spent most of his career in Beijing. Since July 2015, he has served as the Secretary General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (minister-rank).
Yang Xiaodu is a Chinese retired politician who served as the first director of the National Supervisory Commission from 2018 to 2023. He served as a member of the 19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party from 2017 to 2022. From 2014 to 2022, he served as a Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the leading anti-graft body of the Chinese Communist Party. He has served in Shanghai and Tibet during his early political career.
He Jiatie is a Chinese politician. A senior discipline official responsible for carrying out the anti-corruption campaign in China, He was investigated for breaching party discipline in 2016, and demoted to department-level. He was accused of leaking secrets related to party inspection work.
The 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 19th National Congress in 2017, and sat until the next National Congress was convened in 2022. It formally succeeded the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
The 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was elected by the CCP's 19th National Congress on 24 October 2017, and its turn lasts until the convocation of the 20th National Congress in 2022. The CCDI is composed of 133 members. A member has voting rights. To be elected to the CCDI, a candidate must be a party member for at least five years.
Li Jianbo is a Chinese politician. At the height of his career, he served as a member of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's highest internal-control institution. He was removed from membership of the CCDI in January 2017.
Zhang Shengmin is a general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Rocket Force. He is a member of the Central Military Commission (CMC) and Secretary of the CMC Commission for Discipline Inspection. He is also a Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the top anti-corruption agency of China.
The National Commission of Supervision is the highest supervisory and anti-corruption authority of the People's Republic of China. Formed in 2018 by an amendment to the Constitution, the Commission holds the same constitutional status as that of the State Council, of the Supreme People's Court, and of the Supreme People's Procuratorate.