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The Austroasiatic languages are a large language family spoken throughout Mainland Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia. These languages are natively spoken by the majority of the population in Vietnam and Cambodia, and by minority populations scattered throughout parts of Thailand, Laos, India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Nepal, and southern China. Approximately 117 million people speak an Austroasiatic language, of which more than two-thirds are Vietnamese speakers. Of the Austroasiatic languages, only Vietnamese, Khmer, and Mon have lengthy, established presences in the historical record. Only two are presently considered to be the national languages of sovereign states: Vietnamese in Vietnam, and Khmer in Cambodia. The Mon language is a recognized indigenous language in Myanmar and Thailand, while the Wa language is a "recognized national language" in the de facto autonomous Wa State within Myanmar. Santali is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. The remainder of the family's languages are spoken by minority groups and have no official status.
The Munda languages are a group of closely related languages spoken by about nine million people in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. Historically, they have been called the Kolarian languages. They constitute a branch of the Austroasiatic language family, which means they are more distantly related to languages such as the Mon and Khmer languages, to Vietnamese, as well as to minority languages in Thailand and Laos and the minority Mangic languages of South China. Bhumij, Ho, Mundari, and Santali are notable Munda languages.
The Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) is a scientific and professional organization for people working on natural language processing. Its namesake conference is one of the primary high impact conferences for natural language processing research, along with EMNLP. The conference is held each summer in locations where significant computational linguistics research is carried out.
The Austric languages are a proposed language family that includes the Austronesian languages spoken in Taiwan, Maritime Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Madagascar, as well as Kra–Dai and Austroasiatic languages spoken in Mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia. A genetic relationship between these language families is seen as plausible by some scholars, but remains unproven.
The Nicobarese languages or Nicobaric languages, form an isolated group of about half a dozen closely related Austroasiatic languages, spoken by most of the inhabitants of the Nicobar Islands of India. They have a total of about 30,000 speakers. Most Nicobarese speakers speak the Car language. Paul Sidwell (2015:179) considers the Nicobarese languages to subgroup with Aslian.
The fifteen Katuic languages form a branch of the Austroasiatic languages spoken by about 1.3 million people in Southeast Asia. People who speak Katuic languages are called the Katuic peoples. Paul Sidwell is the leading specialist on the Katuic languages. He notes that Austroasiatic/Mon–Khmer languages are lexically more similar to Katuic and Bahnaric the closer they are geographically. He says this geographic similarity is independent of which branch of the family each language belongs to. He also says Katuic and Bahnaric do not have any shared innovations, so they do not form a single branch of the Austroasiatic family, but form separate branches.
The Vietic languages are a branch of the Austroasiatic language family, spoken by the Vietic peoples in Laos and Vietnam. The branch was once referred to by the terms Việt–Mường, Annamese–Muong, and Vietnamuong; the term Vietic was proposed by La Vaughn Hayes, who proposed to redefine Việt–Mường as referring to a sub-branch of Vietic containing only Vietnamese and Mường.
Norman Herbert Zide was an American linguist and specialist in the Munda languages. Professor Emeritus at the University of Chicago. He taught Hindi and Urdu at the Department of South Asian Languages & Civilization at the Department of Linguistics for four decades and published several books and articles on the subject. However, his greater fame lies in his contributions to the Munda languages and to Austroasiatic linguistics in general. He has also done considerable work as a translator, especially of poetry. In The Oxford Anthology of Modern Indian Poetry, he did or assisted in translations of poetry from both North Indian and Austroasiatic languages. His undergraduate education was at Columbia University where he majored in French. In the 1950s he began to do graduate work in South Asian languages and linguistics.
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Proto-Austroasiatic is the reconstructed ancestor of the Austroasiatic languages. Proto-Mon–Khmer has been reconstructed in Harry L. Shorto's Mon–Khmer Comparative Dictionary, while a new Proto-Austroasiatic reconstruction is currently being undertaken by Paul Sidwell.
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The Munda peoples of eastern and central parts of the Indian subcontinent are any of several Munda speaking ethno-linguistic groups of Austro-asiatic language family, formerly also known as Kolarian, and spoken by about nine million people.
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The Moklenic or Moken–Moklen languages consist of a pair of two closely related but distinct languages, namely Moken and Moklen. Larish (1999) establishes the two languages as forming two distinct subgroups of a larger Moken–Moklen branch. Larish (2005) suggests Moklenic as an alternative name for Moken–Moklen, the latter term which was originally used by Larish (1999).
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References
- ↑ "ICAAL 1 (1973): Honolulu". icaal.net – Austroasiatic Languages & Linguistics. April 5, 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
- 1 2 "International Conference of Austroasiatic Linguistics". Himalayan Languages Project. April 30, 2011. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ "Meetings". icaal.net – Austroasiatic Languages & Linguistics. April 11, 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
- ↑ Second International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics (SICAL).
- ↑ Papers from the Helsingør symposium on Austroasiatic linguistics and literature.
- ↑ Nagaraja, K.S., and Kashyap Mankodi. 2007. Austroasiatic linguistics: proceedings of Third International Conference of Austroasiatic Linguistics, November 26–28, 2007. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore. ISBN 81-7342-174-9
- ↑ Srichampa, Sophana (September 18, 2014). "The Fourth International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics: An Austroasiatic Family Reunion". Journal of Language and Culture. 28 (2): 119–119. ISSN 2697-4606 . Retrieved February 25, 2023.
- ↑ "ICAAL 2017". Institut für Skandinavistik, Frisistik und Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft. October 1, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
- ↑ Ring, Hiram; Rau, Felix, eds. (2018). "Papers from the Seventh International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics". University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISSN 1836-6821.
- ↑ "ICAAL 10 (2022): Online". icaal.net. April 5, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
- ↑ "ICAAL 11 (2023): Online". icaal.net. February 23, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
- ↑ "ICAAL 12 (2024): Chiang Mai". icaal.net. April 18, 2024. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
- ↑ "ICAAL 7 Proceedings volume". Hiram Ring. Retrieved February 25, 2023.