The International Council of Nurses (ICN) is a federation of more than 140 national nurses associations. It was founded in 1899 and was the first international organization for health care professionals. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
The organization's goals are to represent nursing worldwide, advance the nursing profession, promote the wellbeing of nurses, and advocate for health in all policies.
History and organization
ICN was first proposed in 1899[1] at the Congress of the International Council of Women by Mrs Bedford Fenwick at a day devoted to consideration of nursing questions.[2] The aim was to create a network of national nursing associations, with the objective of raising the standards of nurse education and professional ethics for the public good.[2] A provisional committee was formed of nurses from Great Britain, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, the Netherlands and Denmark.[2] The first constitution and officials were elected in 1900: Mrs Bedford Fenwick (Great Britain) president, Miss Lavinia Dock (United States) honorary treasurer and Miss M Agnes Snively (Canada) honorary treasurer.[3] In 1901, at the first International Congress of Nurses (held at the Pan-American Exposition ) ICN adopted a resolution in favor of nurse registration.[4] The second ICN Congress was held in 1904 in Berlin by which time Great Britain, the United States and Germany had national nursing organizations affiliated to ICN.[2][5]
Daisy Bridges was the General Secretary of the ICN until she retired in 1961.[6] She later published A history of the International Council of Nurses 1899-1964: the first 65 years in 1967[7] which she compiled during her retirement.[8]
Governance
ICN is governed by a Council of National Representatives (CNR). The CNR is the governing body of the ICN and sets policy, admits members, selects a board of directors, and sets dues. At its July 2025 meeting in Helsinki, Finland, there were 140 National Representatives (one for each member organization). National Representatives are selected by each member association. The CNR meets every two years.[citation needed]
Between meetings of the CNR, ICN is governed by a 12-member board of directors. Members of the board include the ICN president, 3 vice-presidents and 8 members elected on the basis of proportional representation from ICN's geographic areas. Members are term-limited to two consecutive four-year terms of office. The board meets at least once a year, although it usually meets three to four times a year.
ICN has four officers. They include a president and three vice presidents. The officers function as an executive committee for the board, and as the board's budget and finance committee. The president is elected by the CNR. The president serves a four-year term of office, and is limited to one term in office. The vice presidents are elected from among the board members. The highest vote-getter is the First Vice President, the second-highest vote-getter the Second Vice President and the third-highest vote-getter the Third Vice President.
Day-to-day operations of ICN are overseen by a chief executive officer (CEO) who works in close collaboration with the ICN President. Notable former chief executives include Daisy Bridges, Christiane Reimann, Judith Oulton, and David Benton. The current CEO is Howard Catton.
Conferences and projects
ICN hosts a Congress every two years in conjunction with the meeting of the CNR. The congress hosts a large number of professional practice workshops, poster sessions, luncheons, speaking events and plenary sessions.
ICN Congresses:
1st Congress 1901 Buffalo, USA
2nd Congress 1904 Berlin, Germany
(Interim Conference 1907 Paris, France)
3rd Congress 1909 London, U.K.
4th Congress 1912 Cologne, Germany
5th Congress 1925 Helsinki, Finland
6th Congress 1929 Montreal, Canada
7th Congress 1933 Paris/Brussels, France/Belgium
8th Congress 1937 London, U.K.
9th Congress 1947 Atlanta City, U.S.A
(50th anniversary conference 1949 Stockholm, Sweden)
28th Congress 2021 Virtual (originally Abu Dhabi, UAE)
29th Congress 2023 Montreal, Canada
30th Congress 2025 Helsinki, Finland
31st Congress 2027 Taipei
ICN hosts other conferences on an as-needed basis. Recent conferences have covered topics such as regulation of the profession of nurses, socio-economic welfare issues, leadership issues and advanced practice issues.
Official Journal of ICN: International Nursing Review (INR). This is a highly respected, scientific journal with an impact factor and a readership in around 135 countries. It has been published since 1953, when it replaced an earlier ICN publication. The journal's Editor in Chief is Prof. Parveen Ali, who is supported by Associate Editors, Dr. Mona Gamal Mohamed, Prof. Dr. Filip Haegdorens, Prof. John Unsworth, Dr. Brigitte Woo and Ahtisham Younas. INR is a major voice of ICN, and a peer-reviewed journal that focuses predominantly on nursing policy and health policy issues of relevance to nursing. It is published online in English, and also translated into Spanish and Chinese. INR was admitted in to the prestigious Nursing Journal Hall of Fame in 2016 by the International Academy of Nurse Editors (INANE). [9]
↑ For ICN's history see: Lindsey Williamson: "The Global Voice of Nursing: A history of the International Council of Nurses from 1899 to 2022." Aeleah Soine: „The Relation of the Nurse to the Working World.“ Professionalization, Citizenship, and Class in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States before World War I. In: Nursing History Review 18 (2010), p. 51–80.
1 2 3 4 Seymour, L. R. (1949). A General History of Nursing (2nded.). London: Faber and Faber Ltd. pp.272–273.
↑ "The International Council of Nurses". The Nursing Record & Hospital World. 25 (640): 7. 7 July 1900 – via Women's Studies Archive/RCN historical nursing journals.
↑ Quinn, D. S. (1989). "ICN--past and present". International Nursing Review. 36 (6): 174–175. ISSN0020-8132. PMID2613461.
↑ C., Bridges, D. A history of the International Council of Nurses 1899-1964: the first 65 years. Pitman Medical. OCLC1169853353.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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