International Humic Substances Society

Last updated

The International Humic Substances Society is a scientific society with a focus on research into natural organic matter (NOM) in soil and water. [1]

Contents

History

The International Humic Substances Society was founded in Denver, Colorado, USA, on September 11, 1981 by scientists who saw a need for a society to bring together scientists in the coal, soil, and water with interest in humic substances, and to provide opportunities for them to exchange ideas . [2] [3] As of 2023, the society has about 450 members in 24 country and regional chapters.

Standard and reference sample collection

The International Humic Substances Society maintains a collection of standard and reference samples of humic and fulvic acids extracted and fractionated from leonardite, river water, a mineral soil, and peat, plus natural organic matter isolated from river water by reverse osmosis, [4] without fractionation. [5] These standards, which represent an important fraction of soil and water [6] are sold to scientists around the world for use as standards in environmental and agricultural research, and have been used by scientists in approximately 40 countries for a wide variety studies. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]

Support of humic sciences

The International Humic Substances Society convenes multidisciplinary biennial international conferences, which bring together scientists from the soil, and aquatic sciences. [12] Some chapters also hold scientific conferences. [13]

The society has financial grant programs to encourage the advancement of humic sciences.  This includes scholarships for graduate students to travel to the international conferences and for student researchers to travel to research laboratories to gain knowledge on new laboratory techniques. [14]   The IHSS also makes research grants to early career researchers for studies in humic sciences. [15]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humus</span> Organic matter in soils resulting from decay of plant and animal materials

In classical soil science, humus is the dark organic matter in soil that is formed by the decomposition of plant and animal matter. It is a kind of soil organic matter. It is rich in nutrients and retains moisture in the soil. Humus is the Latin word for "earth" or "ground".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soil</span> Mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life

Soil, also commonly referred to as earth, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humic substance</span> Major component of natural organic matter

Humic substances (HS) are colored relatively recalcitrant organic compounds naturally formed during long-term decomposition and transformation of biomass residues. The color of humic substances varies from bright yellow to light or dark brown leading to black. The term comes from humus, which in turn comes from the Latin word humus, meaning "soil, earth". Humic substances represent the major part of organic matter in soil, peat, coal, and sediments, and are important components of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) in lakes, rivers, and sea water. Humic substances account for 50 – 90% of cation exchange capacity in soils.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phytoremediation</span> Decontamination technique using living plants

Phytoremediation technologies use living plants to clean up soil, air and water contaminated with hazardous contaminants. It is defined as "the use of green plants and the associated microorganisms, along with proper soil amendments and agronomic techniques to either contain, remove or render toxic environmental contaminants harmless". The term is an amalgam of the Greek phyto (plant) and Latin remedium. Although attractive for its cost, phytoremediation has not been demonstrated to redress any significant environmental challenge to the extent that contaminated space has been reclaimed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biosolids</span> Decontaminated sewage sludge

Biosolids are solid organic matter recovered from a sewage treatment process and used as fertilizer. In the past, it was common for farmers to use animal manure to improve their soil fertility. In the 1920s, the farming community began also to use sewage sludge from local wastewater treatment plants. Scientific research over many years has confirmed that these biosolids contain similar nutrients to those in animal manures. Biosolids that are used as fertilizer in farming are usually treated to help to prevent disease-causing pathogens from spreading to the public. Some sewage sludge can not qualify as biosolids due to persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals, radionuclides, and heavy metals at levels sufficient to contaminate soil and water when applied to land.

Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from the feces and remains of organisms such as plants and animals. Organic molecules can also be made by chemical reactions that do not involve life. Basic structures are created from cellulose, tannin, cutin, and lignin, along with other various proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Organic matter is very important in the movement of nutrients in the environment and plays a role in water retention on the surface of the planet.

Humins are carbon-based macromolecular substances, that can be found in soil chemistry or as a by-product from saccharide-based biorefinery processes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dissolved organic carbon</span> Organic carbon classification

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the fraction of organic carbon operationally defined as that which can pass through a filter with a pore size typically between 0.22 and 0.7 micrometers. The fraction remaining on the filter is called particulate organic carbon (POC).

Agricultural soil science is a branch of soil science that deals with the study of edaphic conditions as they relate to the production of food and fiber. In this context, it is also a constituent of the field of agronomy and is thus also described as soil agronomy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shilajit</span> Thick, sticky tar-like substance

Shilajit, salajeet, mumijo or mumlayi or mumie is an organic-mineral product of predominantly biological origin, formed at high altitudes of stony mountains, in sheltered crevices and cave.

Biotic material or biological derived material is any material that originates from living organisms. Most such materials contain carbon and are capable of decay.

Soil organic matter (SOM) is the organic matter component of soil, consisting of plant and animal detritus at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil microbes, and substances that soil microbes synthesize. SOM provides numerous benefits to soil's physical and chemical properties and its capacity to provide regulatory ecosystem services. SOM is especially critical for soil functions and quality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soil carbon</span> Solid carbon stored in global soils

Soil carbon is the solid carbon stored in global soils. This includes both soil organic matter and inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals. It is vital to the soil capacity in our ecosystem. Soil carbon is a carbon sink in regard to the global carbon cycle, playing a role in biogeochemistry, climate change mitigation, and constructing global climate models. Microorganisms play an important role in breaking down carbon in the soil. Changes in their activity due to rising temperatures could possibly influence and even contribute to climate change. Human activities have caused a massive loss of soil organic carbon. For example, anthropogenic fires destroy the top layer of the soil, exposing soil to excessive oxidation.

David Alan Laird is a professor at Iowa State University, Department of Agronomy, Ames, Iowa. Throughout his career as a soil scientist, he made many contributions to clay mineralogy, including developing a model describing the relationship between cation selectivity and the extent of crystalline swelling in expanding 2:1 phyllosilicates. Other work demonstrated the effects of ionic strength and cation charge on the breakup and formation of smectitic quasicrystals and the principle of cation demixing which lent great insight into understanding clay flocculation. Investigations in organic matter interactions with clay minerals led to the development of the idea of dual mode bonding in which amphipathic molecules interact with substrates by both hydrophobic-hydrophobic and hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions. Laird et al. (2008) showed that smectites, a class of clay minerals found in soil, can adsorb tremendous amounts of organic materials and, hence, strongly influence the transport and bioavailability of organic materials including pesticides applied to the soil. In a study published in 2003, Gonzalez and Laird showed that new carbon derived from decomposing plant material tends to preferentially sorb to the fine clay subfraction of soil. Further work demonstrated that the coarse clay fraction had the greatest carbon to nitrogen ratio, greatest minimum residence time in the soil based on 14C radioisotope dating, and contained carbon most recalcitrant to microbial digestion. Collectively many of Dr. Laird's contributions to soil science have provided insight into understanding soil organic matter and clay interactions and, thus, the genesis of soil peds from the molecular viewpoint.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Photogeochemistry</span>

Photogeochemistry merges photochemistry and geochemistry into the study of light-induced chemical reactions that occur or may occur among natural components of Earth's surface. The first comprehensive review on the subject was published in 2017 by the chemist and soil scientist Timothy A Doane, but the term photogeochemistry appeared a few years earlier as a keyword in studies that described the role of light-induced mineral transformations in shaping the biogeochemistry of Earth; this indeed describes the core of photogeochemical study, although other facets may be admitted into the definition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Gerzabek</span> Austrian ecologist and soil scientist

Martin Hubert Gerzabek is an Austrian ecologist and soil scientist. He is a professor of ecotoxicology and isotope application and was rector of BOKU, the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna from 2010 to 2018.

M. Francesca Cotrufo is a soil ecologist who focuses her work on litter decomposition and the dynamics of soil organic matter. She is currently a Professor and Associate Head in the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, as well the Senior Scientist at the Natural Resource Ecology Lab, at Colorado State University.

Rattan Lal is a soil scientist. His work focuses on regenerative agriculture through which soil can help resolve global issues such as climate change, food security and water quality. He is considered a pioneer in soil-centric agricultural management to improve global food security and develop climate-resilient agriculture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irina Perminova</span> Russian chemist (born 1960)

Irina Vasilievna Perminova is a Russian scientist, Professor, Dr. Habil. in Analytical Chemistry, Chief Scientist, Head of the Laboratory of Natural Humic Systems at the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Fine Organic Synthesis of the Department of Chemistry of the Moscow University, Moscow, Russia

Frank J. Stevenson was an American agricultural scientist who made large contributions to the scientific agricultural community breakthroughs regarding soil and its relationship with organic matter and humic substances (HS).

References

  1. ↑ Chin, Yu-Ping; McKnight, Diane M.; D’Andrilli, Juliana; Brooks, Nicole; Cawley, Kaelin; Guerard, Jennifer; Perdue, E. Michael; Stedmon, Colin A.; Tratnyek, Paul G.; Westerhoff, Paul; Wozniak, Andrew S.; Bloom, Paul R.; Foreman, Christine; Gabor, Rachel; Hamdi, Jumanah (2023). "Identification of next-generation International Humic Substances Society reference materials for advancing the understanding of the role of natural organic matter in the Anthropocene". Aquatic Sciences. 85 (1): 32. Bibcode:2023AqSci..85...32C. doi: 10.1007/s00027-022-00923-x . ISSN   1015-1621.
  2. ↑ Petit, Charles (2016-12-05). "Soil's Hidden Secrets". Science News. Archived from the original on 2017-03-02. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
  3. ↑ "30 years of IHSS". International Humic Substances Society. 2023-01-25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-02. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  4. ↑ Green, Nelson W.; McInnis, Daniel; Hertkorn, Norbert; Maurice, Patricia A.; Perdue, E. Michael (January 2015). "Suwannee River Natural Organic Matter: Isolation of the 2R101N Reference Sample by Reverse Osmosis". Environmental Engineering Science. 32 (1): 38–44. doi:10.1089/ees.2014.0284. ISSN   1092-8758.
  5. ↑ "International Humic Substances Society 2023 Products". IHSS Products. January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  6. ↑ Hayes, Michael H.B.; Swift, Roger S. (2020), "Vindication of humic substances as a key component of organic matter in soil and water", Advances in Agronomy, vol. 163, Elsevier, pp. 1–37, doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2020.05.001, ISBN   978-0-12-820769-7, S2CID   226438090 , retrieved 2024-01-27
  7. ↑ Olk, D. C.; Bloom, P. R.; Perdue, E. M.; McKnight, D. M.; Chen, Y.; Farenhorst, A.; Senesi, N.; Chin, Y.-P.; Schmitt-Kopplin, P.; Hertkorn, N.; Harir, M. (2019). "Environmental and Agricultural Relevance of Humic Fractions Extracted by Alkali from Soils and Natural Waters". Journal of Environmental Quality. 48 (2): 217–232. Bibcode:2019JEnvQ..48..217O. doi: 10.2134/jeq2019.02.0041 . ISSN   0047-2425. PMID   30951132.
  8. ↑ Olk, D. C.; Bloom, P. R.; De Nobili, M.; Chen, Y.; McKnight, D. M.; Wells, M. J. M.; Weber, J. (2019). "Using Humic Fractions to Understand Natural Organic Matter Processes in Soil and Water: Selected Studies and Applications". Journal of Environmental Quality. 48 (6): 1633–1643. Bibcode:2019JEnvQ..48.1633O. doi: 10.2134/jeq2019.03.0100 . ISSN   0047-2425.
  9. ↑ Characterization of the International Humic Substances Society standard and reference fulvic and humic acids by solution state carbon-13 (13C) and hydrogen-1 (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (Report). 1989. doi:10.3133/wri894196.
  10. ↑ Vindedahl, Amanda M.; Arnold, William A.; Lee Penn, R. (2015). "Impact of Pahokee Peat humic acid and buffer identity on goethite aggregation and reactivity". Environmental Science: Nano. 2 (5): 509–517. doi:10.1039/C5EN00141B. ISSN   2051-8153.
  11. ↑ Gao, Yuan; Yan, Mingquan; Korshin, Gregory (September 2015). "Effects of calcium on the chromophores of dissolved organic matter and their interactions with copper". Water Research. 81: 47–53. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.038. PMID   26043370.
  12. ↑ "20th Anniversary Conference of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS)". EurekAlert!. Archived from the original on 2017-03-02. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
  13. ↑ "10th Meeting of the Brazilian Chapter of the International Humic Substances Society". www.fao.org. Archived from the original on 2024-01-27. Retrieved 2024-01-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  14. ↑ "Awards | IHSS" . Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  15. ↑ "Awards | IHSS" . Retrieved 2024-01-27.
Soil profile.png

This soil science–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.