International News Service

Last updated

International News Service
Industry News media, journalism
Founded
  • May, 1909 (as American News Service)
  • January, 1910 (as International News Service)
Fatemerged with United Press May, 1958
Successor United Press
HeadquartersNew York, N.Y., USA
Key people
Products Wire service

The International News Service (INS) was a U.S.-based news agency (newswire) founded by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in 1909. [1]

Contents

The INS consistently ranked as the third-largest news agency in the U.S., trailing behind its major competitors, the Associated Press and United Press. Despite notable achievements and considerable investments, the INS never managed to surpass its rivals. At its peak, the INS served 19 percent of American daily newspapers (1948). [2] In May 1958 it merged with rival United Press to become United Press International. [3]

History

Hearst News Service

The precursor to the International News Service was the Hearst News Service, which was established in 1904. In 1903, the Hearst publishing organization leased a telegraph line from San Francisco to New York, passing through Chicago, to facilitate its expanding newspaper business in these three cities and to share reporting. This service also provided news items to other newspapers, leading to the formation of the Hearst News Service. [4] [5]

International News Service

In May 1909, the Hearst publishing organization established the American News Service (ANS), headquartered in New York. The American News Service was formed to sell Hearst's wire reports to outside morning papers in the United States. Curtis J. Mar was appointed the first president and general manager of the ANS, succeeded the same year by Richard A. Farrelly. The service was expanded to include foreign news reporting from August 1909. [6] [4]

Shortly after its establishment, the American News Service was split into two divisions to cater to morning and evening newspapers across the United States. In order to reflect its widened news field which now included reporting of the domestic and foreign news, the American News Service was renamed the International News Service (INS) in January 1910. The INS was responsible for providing overnight reports to morning newspapers seven days a week. At the same time, Hearst established the National News Association (NNA) to provide six day a week news report for evening newspapers. [6]

In 1911, the National News Association was dissolved: ultimately, the morning and evening services were integrated and operated under the INS banner. [4]

In 1916, E. Barry Faris joined the INS as a correspondent and news manager in Washington, D.C. [7] Consequently, E. Barry Faris stayed with the INS for the next forty years and became one of the key figures in the organization: he served as an assistant to editorial managers Marlen E. Pew and George G. Shor. In 1927 E. Barry Faris was promoted to general news manager and in 1932 became the editor of the INS, a position he held until the INS and United Press were merged in 1958. [8] [9]

The INS press release (February 14, 1950): "30 Years of Momentous Journalism with INS" 30-yrs-of-momentous-journalism-with-ins-14-feb-1950.jpg
The INS press release (February 14, 1950): "30 Years of Momentous Journalism with INS"

Established two years after Hearst-competitor E.W. Scripps combined three smaller syndicates under his control into United Press Associations, [10] INS battled the other major newswires. It added a picture service, International News Photos, or INP. The Hearst newsreel series Hearst Metrotone News (1914–1967) was released as International Newsreel from January 1919 to July 1929. Universal Service, another Hearst-owned news agency, merged with International News Service in 1937. [11] Always a distant third to its larger rivals the Associated Press and the United Press, the INS was merged with UP on May 24, 1958, to become UPI.

New York City's all-news radio station, WINS, then under Hearst ownership, took its call letters from INS, [12] as did the short-lived (1948–49), DuMont Television Network nightly newscast, I.N.S. Telenews .

Notable employees and contributors

Among those who worked for INS were future broadcasters William Shirer, Edwin Newman, Bob Clark, Freeman Fulbright, and Irving R. Levine, who in 1950 covered the outbreak of war in Korea for INS. [13] Marion Carpenter, the first woman national press photographer to cover Washington, D.C., and the White House, and to travel with a US president, also had worked for the INS. [14] The INS also counted among its ranks other famous journalists, including Jack Lait, Damon Runyon, Karl Henry von Wiegand, Otto D. Tolischus, Dorothy Thompson, Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker, Pierre J. Huss, Richard Tregaskis. [2]

International News Service v. Associated Press

During the early years of World War I, Hearst's INS was barred from using Allied telegraph lines, because of reporting of British losses. [15] INS made do by allegedly taking news stories off AP bulletin boards, rewriting them and selling them to other outlets. AP sued INS and the case reached the United States Supreme Court. [16]

The case was considered important in terms of distinguishing between upholding the common law rule of "no copyright in facts", and applying the common law doctrine of misappropriation through the tort of unfair competition. In International News Service v. Associated Press of 1918, Justice Mahlon Pitney wrote for the majority in ruling that INS was infringing on AP's "lead-time protection", and defining it as an unfair business practice. Pitney narrowed the period for which the newly defined proprietary right would apply: this doctrine "postpones participation by complainant's competitor in the processes of distribution and reproduction of news that it has not gathered, and only to the extent necessary to prevent that competitor from reaping the fruits of complainant's efforts and expenditure." [16] Justice Louis D. Brandeis wrote a minority opinion, objecting to the court's creating a new private property right.

INS Poll

Between 1952 and 1957, members of the International News Service conducted an annual college football poll, similar to those held by rivals at the Associated Press (AP Poll) and United Press (Coaches Poll). Every week during the football season, a group of experts and writers issues a list of the top 10 teams of that week, culminating in a national champion awarded at the end of the season, before the bowl games. [17] The poll ceased after INS merged with UP in 1958. [18]

SeasonINS National Champion
1952 Georgia Tech
1953 Maryland
1954 Ohio State
1955 Oklahoma
1956 Oklahoma
1957 Ohio State
Source: [18]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hearst Communications</span> American multinational mass media conglomerate group

Hearst Corporation, its wholly owned subsidiary Hearst Holdings Inc., and HHI's wholly owned subsidiary Hearst Communications Inc. (usually referred to simply as Hearst) constitute an American multinational mass media and business information conglomerate based in Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan in New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Press International</span> American international news agency

United Press International (UPI) is an American international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century until its eventual decline beginning in the early 1980s. At its peak, it had more than 6,000 media subscribers. Since the first of several sales and staff cutbacks in 1982, and the 1999 sale of its broadcast client list to its main U.S. rival, the Associated Press, UPI has concentrated on smaller information-market niches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">News agency</span> News gathering organization

A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. News agencies are known for their press releases. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NCAA Division II football championship</span> American college football tournament

The NCAA Division II football championship is an American college football tournament played annually to determine a champion at the NCAA Division II level. It was first held in 1973, as a single-elimination playoff with eight teams. The tournament field has subsequently been expanded three times: to 16 teams in 1988, 24 teams in 2004, and 28 teams in 2016.

Originally named "UPI Audio," the United Press International Radio Network was a news service for radio and television stations from wire service United Press International. It was the first such service offered by a major news agency and existed from 1958 to 1999.

International News Service v. Associated Press, 248 U.S. 215 (1918), also known as INS v. AP or simply the INS case, is a 1918 decision of the United States Supreme Court that enunciated the misappropriation doctrine of federal intellectual property common law: a "quasi-property right" may be created against others by one's investment of effort and money in an intangible thing, such as information or a design. The doctrine is highly controversial and criticized by many legal scholars, but it has its supporters.

<i>San Antonio Express-News</i> American newspaper, founded 1865

The San Antonio Express-News is a daily newspaper in San Antonio, Texas, founded in 1865. It is owned by the Hearst Corporation and has offices in San Antonio and Austin, Texas. The Express-News is the third largest newspaper in the state of Texas, with a daily circulation of nearly 100,000 copies in 2016. The newspaper's online presence can be found at Expressnews.com. Hearst also owns MYSanAntonio.com, which shares office space with the Express-News but maintains a separate newsroom and website. MYSanAntonio.com, or MYSA, is editorially independent of ExpressNews.com.

The College Football All-America Team is an honor given annually to the best college football players in the United States at their respective positions. The original use of the term All-America seems to have been to the 1889 College Football All-America Team selected by Caspar Whitney and published in This Week's Sports. Football pioneer Walter Camp also began selecting All-America teams in the 1890s and was recognized as the official selector in the early years of the 20th century.

The 1964 Arkansas Razorbacks football team was an American football team that represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In their seventh year under head coach Frank Broyles, the Razorbacks compiled an undefeated 11–0 record, won the SWC championship, closed the regular season with five consecutive shutouts, outscored all opponents by a combined total of 231 to 64, and defeated Nebraska 10–7 in the Cotton Bowl.

The 1931 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1931. The seven selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1931 season are (1) Collier's Weekly, as selected by Grantland Rice, (2) the Associated Press, (3) the United Press, (4) the All-America Board, (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) Liberty magazine, and (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA).

Moses Koenigsberg was an executive for William Randolph Hearst, and ran King Features Syndicate. Comic strips, features, and news supervised by Koenigsberg appeared in newspapers having a mass circulation of 16,000,000 readers on weekdays and 25,000,000 on Sundays.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Associated Press</span> American not-for-profit news agency

The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association, and produces news reports that are distributed to its members, major U.S. daily newspapers and radio and television broadcasters. Since the award was established in 1917, the AP has earned 59 Pulitzer Prizes, including 36 for photography. The AP is also known for its widely used AP Stylebook, its AP polls tracking NCAA sports, and its election polls and results during US elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1965 Cotton Bowl Classic</span> College football game

The 1965 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 29th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Friday, January 1. With national championship implications, the game matched the Southwest Conference champion Arkansas Razorbacks and the Nebraska Cornhuskers, champions of the Big Eight Conference.

The 1948 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams for the 1948 season. The seven selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1948 season are (1) the Associated Press, (2) the United Press, (3) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA) and (7) The Sporting News.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1992 College Football All-America Team</span> Official list of the best college football players of 1992

The 1992 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and publications that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1992. It is an honor given annually to the best American college football players at their respective positions.

The 1973 NCAA Division II football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division II level. The season began in September and concluded with the Division II Championship on December 15 at Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. This was the first season for Division II football, which were formerly in the College Division in 1972 and prior.

The 1941 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Ten Conference team for the 1941 Big Ten Conference football season. The organizations selecting All-Big Ten teams in 1941 were: the Associated Press (AP), selected by the conference coaches; the United Press (UP), chosen by experts from the conference region; and International News Service (INS), selected based on input from scouts and scribes from the conference region.

The 1955 Michigan State Spartans football team was an American football team that represented Michigan State University in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third season playing in Big Ten Conference and their second season under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled a 9–1 record ,and outscored opponents by a total of 253 to 83. The team's sole loss was on the road and early in the season against rival Michigan by a 14–7 score.

The misappropriation doctrine is a U.S. legal theory conferring a "quasi-property right" on a person who invests "labor, skill, and money" to create an intangible asset. The right operates against another person "endeavoring to reap where it has not sown" by "misappropriating" the value of the asset. The quoted language and the legal principle come from the decision of the United States Supreme Court in International News Service v. Associated Press, 248 U.S. 215 (1918), also known as INS v. AP or simply the INS case.

The 1965 NCAA College Division football season was the tenth season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the NCAA College Division level.

References

  1. ↑ Donald Liebenson, "Upi R.i.p.", Chicago Tribune, 4 May 2003, accessed 11 May 2011
  2. 1 2 Encyclopedia of Journalism. (2009). United States: SAGE Publications, pp. 775-776.
  3. ↑ "United Press, International News Service in merger". UPI. May 24, 1958. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 Encyclopedia of Journalism. (2009). United States: SAGE Publications, p. 775.
  5. ↑ Editor & Publisher, January 20, 1917, Volume 49, Issue 32, p. 13.
  6. 1 2 Schwarzlose, R. A. (1989). The Nation's Newsbrokers: The rush to institution, from 1865 to 1920, Northwestern University Press, p. 229.
  7. ↑ The Editor and Publisher, ‘International News Service. Organization Received Many Congratulations on Its Effective Work', November 11, 1916, Vol. 49, Issue 22, p. 8.
  8. ↑ Koenigsberg, M. (1941). King News: An Autobiography. United States: F.A. Stokes Company, p. 458.
  9. ↑ Schwarzlose, R. A. (1989). The Nation's Newsbrokers: The rush to institution, from 1865 to 1920, Northwestern University Press, p. 230.
  10. ↑ Joe Alex Morris (1957). "Deadline Every Minute The Story Of The United Press - ARCHIVE.ORG ONLINE VERSION". Doubleday & Company.
  11. ↑ The Press: Mouthpiece Merged, Time, August 23, 1937
  12. ↑ "WINS History: The Early Years From The Airwaves of New York". cbslocal.com. November 4, 2008.
  13. ↑ Weber, Bruce (March 28, 2009). "Irving R. Levine, NBC News Correspondent, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
  14. ↑ The Associated Press (AP): "Remembering Marion Carpenter: Pioneer White House Photographer Dies," "Marion Carpenter". Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved November 25, 2010., retrieved November 25, 2002.
  15. ↑ Koenigsberg, M. (1941). King News: An Autobiography. United States: F.A. Stokes Company, p. 454.
  16. 1 2 "FindLaw's United States Supreme Court case and opinions". Findlaw.
  17. ↑ Kirlin, Bob. "INS College Football Polls". Bob Kirlin's Football History Site. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  18. 1 2 "2018 NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records" (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association. p. 113. Retrieved September 3, 2019.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.