The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), originally published in 1997, is used by many doctors to help assess the severity of a patient's myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Based on the IPSS score, the patient's history, and the physician's own personal observations, the physician will design a treatment plan to address the MDS. A revised IPSS, IPSS-R[1] was published in 2012. The IPSS-M, published in 2022, includes six categories based on hematologic parameters, cytogenetic abnormalities, and somatic mutations of 31 genes.[2]
Process
The IPSS-M uses "prognostic indicators" to develop a "score" which may be useful in understanding how the MDS may progress:
the presence of mutations in any of 16 main effect genes
the presence of mutations in any of 15 residual genes
Each indicator is rated according to its severity and the ratings are combined into a "score".
Scores are sorted into one of six risk categories:
very low
low
moderate-low
moderate-high
high
very high
IPSS-M determined that multihit TP53 mutations, FLT3 mutations, and partial tandem duplication mutations of KMT2A (MLL) were strong predictors of adverse outcomes. Some SF3B1 mutations were associated with favorable outcomes, whereas certain genetic subsets of SF3B1 mutations were not.[2]
The IPSS-M model can handle missing data and allows for the score to be applied in diagnostic settings in which not all mutations can be tested.[2] The IPSS-M model is useful for the risk stratification of patients with MDS to predict leukemia-free survival, overall survival, and risk of leukemic transformation. Patients with high, or very high-risk IPSS-M might benefit from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.[3] A web-based calculator is available at https://www.mds-foundation.org/mds-iwg-pm/
References
↑ Greenberg PL, Tuechler H, Schanz J, Sanz G, Garcia-Manero G, Solé F, Bennett JM, Bowen D, Fenaux P, Dreyfus F, Kantarjian H, Kuendgen A, Levis A, Malcovati L, Cazzola M, Cermak J, Fonatsch C, Le Beau MM, Slovak ML, Krieger O, Luebbert M, Maciejewski J, Magalhaes SM, Miyazaki Y, Pfeilstöcker M, Sekeres M, Sperr WR, Stauder R, Tauro S, Valent P, Vallespi T, van de Loosdrecht AA, Germing U, Haase D (September 2012). "Revised international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes". Blood. 120 (12): 2454–65. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-03-420489. PMC4425443. PMID22740453.
1 2 3 Bernard E, Tuechler H, Greenberg PL, Hasserjian RP, Arango Ossa JE, Nannya Y, Devlin SM, Creignou M, Pinel P, Monnier L, Gundem G, Medina-Martinez JS, Domenico D, Jädersten M, Germing U, Sanz G, van de Loosdrecht AA, Kosmider O, Follo MY, Thol F, Zamora L, Pinheiro RF, Pellagatti A, Elias HK, Haase D, Ganster C, Ades L, Tobiasson M, Palomo L, Della Porta MG, Takaori-Kondo A, Ishikawa T, Chiba S, Kasahara S, Miyazaki Y, Viale A, Huberman K, Fenaux P, Belickova M, Savona MR, Klimek VM, Santos FP, Boultwood J, Kotsianidis I, Santini V, Solé F, Platzbecker U, Heuser M, Valent P, Ohyashiki K, Finelli C, Voso MT, Shih LY, Fontenay M, Jansen JH, Cervera J, Gattermann N, Ebert BL, Bejar R, Malcovati L, Cazzola M, Ogawa S, Hellström-Lindberg E, Papaemmanuil E (July 2022). "Molecular International Prognostic Scoring System for Myelodysplastic Syndromes". NEJM Evid. 1 (7) EVIDoa2200008. doi:10.1056/EVIDoa2200008. PMID38319256.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.