Intragroup conflict

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In: sociology, [1] group dynamics, [2] intragroup conflict refers to conflict, [1] confrontation, disagreement [3] between two or more members of the same group or team [1] the consequence or result of which could be either positive (beneficial) or negative. [4] The term infighting has a similar usage [5] [6] of inner-group disagreement but with the combatative connotation, fighting, [a] [7] [6] the dynamics of which are termed agonistic behaviour. [9] [10] [b] Usage of the term internecine fighting as intragroup includes war. [13] [c]

Contents

Subject development

Thucydides wrote on the subject of ancient Greek communities eristic dialogue. [17] [d] The Politics of Aristotle [19] (of Stagira) [20] uses the [19] Attic Greek [21] term stasis [19] (ΣΤΑΣΙΣ), [22] a political conflict, [23] translated by some modern authors as civil war [24] (which though is an analog [25] ) occuring within city-states of ancient Greece. [24] [e]

In the years leading up to 2008, intragroup conflict has received a large amount of attention in conflict and group dynamics literature. [28] This increase in interest in studying intragroup conflict may be a natural corollary of the ubiquitous use of work groups and work teams across all levels of organizations, including decision-making task forces, project groups, or production teams. [29]

Antecedents

There are a number of antecedents of intragroup conflict. While not an exhaustive list, researchers have identified a number of antecedents of intragroup conflict, including low task or goal uncertainty, [30] increased group size, [31] increased diversity (i.e., gender, age, race), [32] [33] lack of information sharing, [34] and high task interdependence. [35]

Types

The American Psychological Association determines the existence of three such intra-conflictual problems in team organisations: process, relationship, task. [3]

Measuring

Jehn [36] developed the Intragroup Conflict Scale (ICS) to measure two types of intragroup conflicts (i.e., task and relationship conflict). The ICS consists of eight 7-point Likert scale items which assess intragroup conflict. This scale has been applied in a number of contexts including decision making groups [37] and groups in the moving industry. [38] Furthermore, this scale has high construct and predictive validity. [39]

Group outcomes

Effects of intragroup conflict on group performance or outcome is moderated by a number of factors including the context under which it is examined and the type of outcome. [40] According to one study, task conflict has a less negative relationship (and at times even positive) with group performance and outcomes than believed previously. [40] The results of the study also showed that intragroup conflict is not always negative or detrimental to group performance; for example, task conflict has been related positively to group performance and outcomes when such conflict occurs in management groups. [40]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The current word definition including: Fighting or boxing at close range, [7] originated in Old English as an attack within a dwelling. [8]
  2. ↑ The term originating in the ancient Greek [11] ἀγών [12] ( agon ) [11] [12]
  3. ↑ from internecinus (which is Latin) [14] from Cic. Phil. 14 [15]
    [16] M. Tullius Cicero:
    M. ANTONIVM ORATIO PHILIPPICA QVARTA DECIMA:
    gratae vero nostrae dis immortalibus gratulationes erunt, gratae victimae, cum interfecta sit civium multitudo! 'de improbis' inquit 'et audacibus.'
    nam sic eos appellat clarissimus vir: quae sunt urbanarum maledicta litium, non inustae belli internecini notae.
    testamenta, credo, subiciunt aut eiciunt vicinos aut adulescentulos circumscribunt: his enim vitiis adfectos et talibus malos aut audacis appellare consuetudo solet.
  4. ↑ In the modern sense, at least, this type of argument could include specious reasoning [18]
  5. ↑ In Argos members of a democratic group killed both the leaders of their own group and members of a differing political group. [26] The Aristotle description of stasis includes "within like-minded groups". (Skultety 2019) [27]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Forsyth, D. R. (2009). Group dynamics (5th ed.). New York: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. ISBN   978-0-495-59952-4. OCLC   318104476.
  2. ↑ Gençer, Hüseyin (2019). "Group Dynamics and Behaviour" (PDF). Universal Journal of Educational Research . 7 (1). Piri Reis University: Horizon Research Publishing, SAN JOSE, CA - eric.ed.gov. doi:10.13189/ujer.2019.070128. changes that may occur in any part of the group and bring out actions and reactions in the group structure that affects group members
  3. 1 2 "Dictionary of Psychology". American Psychological Association.
  4. ↑ Susan A. Wheelan (June 2005). "Introduction Part IV: Applied Group Research". In Susan A. Wheelan (ed.). The Handbook of Group Research and Practice. SAGE Publications. p. xiv. ISBN   9780761929581.
  5. ↑ "inflighting". oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Oxford University. arguments between people in the same group who are competing for power
  6. 1 2 "Definition of 'infighting'". Collins. quarrelling and competition between members of the same group or organization" "American English 1. fighting, esp. boxing
  7. 1 2 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company (2016). "infighting". American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fifth ed.). thefreedictionary.com. disagreement among members of a group or organization
  8. ↑ Bosworth, Joseph. "in-feoht". In Thomas Northcote Toller; Christ Sean; Ondřej Tichy (eds.). Bosworth Toller's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary online. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University – via www.etymonline.com/word/in-fighting.
  9. ↑ Charles H. Southwick (1967). "An Experimental Study of Intragroup Agonistic Behavior in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)". Behaviour . 28 (1/2). Johns Hopkins University: Department of Pathobiology: Brill. The term, intragroup agonistic behaviour, refers to all aspects of conflict behaviour in the group, that is, all overt aggressive and submissive interactions
  10. ↑ "agonistic adjective (FIGHTING)". Cambridge University Press. spoken or physical behaviour that is threatening or involves harm to someone
  11. 1 2 "agonistic adjective". Merriam-Webster.
  12. 1 2 agon. LSJ.
  13. ↑ "internecine adjective formal". Cambridge University Press.
  14. ↑ "internecine adjective". Merriam-Webster .
  15. ↑ internecinus. Lewis & Short – via short_latin_la_en.en-academic.com/29906/internecinus.
  16. ↑ M. Tullius Cicero, Philippics. perseus.tufts.edu.
  17. ↑ Donald Lateiner (1 September 2007). "Chapter 29 Contest (Agōn) in Thucydides". In John Marincola (ed.). A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1002/9781405185110.ch29. ISBN   9781405185110.
  18. ↑ "eristic 1 of 2 adjective". Merriam-Webster.
  19. 1 2 3 Douglas Cairns; Mirko Canevaro; Kleanthis Mantzouranis (6 January 2022). "Recognition and Redistribution in Aristotle's Account of Stasis". Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought - 1 Introduction. Brill.
  20. ↑ Eric W. Weisstein. "Eric W. Weisstein's World of Biography". Wolfram Research.
  21. ↑ Michael Palmer (6 March 2017). "24 Stasis in the War Narrative". In Sara Forsdyke; Edith Foster; Ryan Balot (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides. ISBN   9780190647735.
  22. ↑ "στάσις". LSJ .
  23. ↑ Steven C. Skultety. "Review of Ronald L. Weed, Aristotle on stasis : a moral psychology of political conflict. Berlin: Logos, 2007". Bryn Mawr College . Bryn Mawr Classical Review.
  24. 1 2 Scott Arcenas. "Breaking the Conflict Trap in Ancient Greece: Stasis and Economic Growth in the Polis". Stanford University: Society for Institutional and Organizational Economics.
  25. ↑ Arcenas, Scott. Stasis : the nature, frequency, and intensity of political violence in ancient Greece (Classics thesis). California: Stanford University Libraries.
  26. ↑ Sarah Bolmarcich (2010). "Civil War". In Michael Gagarin (ed.). The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Greece and Rome. - Volume 1. Oxford University. p. 166.
  27. ↑ STEVEN SKULTETY (3 October 2019). "Stasis as Civil War". CONFLICT IN ARISTOTLE'S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY. SUNY series in Ancient Greek Philosophy. State University of New York: SUNY Press. p. 17. ISBN   1438476590.
  28. ↑ Korsgaard, M. A.; Jeong, S. S.; Mahony, D. M. & Pitariu, A. H. (2008). "A multilevel view of intragroup conflict". Journal of Management . 34 (6). SAGE Publications: 1222–1252. doi:10.1177/0149206308325124. ISSN   0149-2063. S2CID   143569606.
  29. ↑ De Dreu, C. K. W. & Weingart, L. R. (2003). "Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis". Journal of Applied Psychology. 88 (4). American Psychological Association (APA): 741–749. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.741. ISSN   1939-1854. PMID   12940412.
  30. ↑ Mooney, A. C.; Holahan, P. J. & Amason, A. C. (2007). "Don't take it personally: Exploring cognitive conflict as a mediator of affective conflict". Journal of Management Studies. 44 (5). Wiley: 733–758. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00674.x. ISSN   0022-2380. S2CID   144854455.
  31. ↑ Amason, A. C. & Sapienza, H. J. (1997). "The effects of top management team size and interaction norms on cognitive and affective conflict". Journal of Management. 23 (4). SAGE Publications: 495–516. doi:10.1177/014920639702300401. ISSN   0149-2063. S2CID   143833786.
  32. ↑ Mohammed, S. & Angell, L. C. (2004). "Surface- and deep-level diversity in workgroups: Examining the moderating effects of team orientation and team process on relationship conflict". Journal of Organizational Behavior. 25 (8). Wiley: 1015–1039. doi:10.1002/job.293. ISSN   0894-3796.
  33. ↑ Pelled, L. H.; Eisenhardt, K. M. & Xin, K. R. (1999). "Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict and performance". Administrative Science Quarterly. 44 (1). JSTOR: 1–28. doi:10.2307/2667029. ISSN   0001-8392. JSTOR   2667029. S2CID   145267150.
  34. ↑ Moye, N. A. & Langfred, C. W. (1 April 2004). "Information sharing and group conflict: Going beyond decision making to understand the effects of information sharing on group performance". International Journal of Conflict Management. 15 (4). Emerald: 381–410. doi:10.1108/eb022919. ISSN   1044-4068.
  35. ↑ Deutsch, M. (1949). "A theory of co-operation and competition". Human Relations. 2 (2). SAGE Publications: 129–152. doi: 10.1177/001872674900200204 . ISSN   0018-7267.
  36. ↑ Jehn, K. A. (1995). "A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict". Administrative Science Quarterly. 40 (2). JSTOR: 256–282. doi:10.2307/2393638. ISSN   0001-8392. JSTOR   2393638.
  37. ↑ Amason, A. C. & Mooney, A. C. (1 April 1999). "The effects of past performance on top management team conflict in strategic decision making". International Journal of Conflict Management. 10 (4). Emerald: 340–359. doi:10.1108/eb022829. ISSN   1044-4068.
  38. ↑ Jehn, K. A.; Northcraft, G. B. & Neale, M. A. (1999). "Why differences make a difference: A field study of diversity, conflict and performance in workgroups". Administrative Science Quarterly. 44 (4). JSTOR: 741–763. doi:10.2307/2667054. ISSN   0001-8392. JSTOR   2667054. S2CID   16313675.
  39. ↑ Pearson, A. W.; Ensley, M. D. & Amason, A. C. (1 February 2002). "An assessment and refinement of Jehn's intragroup conflict scale". International Journal of Conflict Management. 13 (2). Emerald: 110–126. doi:10.1108/eb022870. ISSN   1044-4068.
  40. 1 2 3 de Wit, F. R. C.; Greer, L. L. & Jehn, K. A. (2012). "The paradox of intragroup conflict: A meta-analysis". Journal of Applied Psychology. 97 (2). APA: 360–390. doi:10.1037/a0024844. ISSN   1939-1854. PMID   21842974.

Source

Amin Ghaziani; Kelsy Kretschmer (January 4, 2023). "Chapter 12: Infighting and Insurrection - Introduction - The Causal Tradition". In David A. Snow; Hanspeter Kriesi; Holly J. McCammon; Sarah Anne Soule (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. p. 220, 225. ISBN   9781119168560. Research on social movements highlights the centrality of conflicts, yet scholars frequently conflate its diverse forms" "The classical tradition of infighting assumed that conflict within movements deserved its sorry reputation; it was a form of internecine dog fighting; and it hastened movement collapse by rendering insurgent groups impotent.

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