Invasion of Yenisei

Invasion of Yenisei
Part of the Dzungar–Russian conflicts of Russian conquest of Siberia and Oirat–Khalkha Wars
Modern day Krasnoyarsk city on the Yenisei river.
Date 1665–1667 Location Yenisei river, Russia and Mongolia Result Dzungar victory Peace agreement with the Russians [1] Dzungars subjugate the Kyrgyz residing on the Yenisei river [2] Territorial changes Annexation of the Altan Khanate [3]
Belligerents
Dzungar Khanate Supported by: Khakas	Tsardom of Russia	Altan Khanate
Commanders and leaders
Sengge	Rodion Koltsov (POW) [4]	Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji  (POW) [2]
Strength
Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Heavy [5]	Heavy [3]

The Invasion of Yenisei was a military campaign by the Khong tayiji of the Dzungar Khanate, Sengge against the Tsardom of Russia and Altan Khan of the Khalkhas on the Yenisei river.

Background

During the reign of Erdeni Batur, the relations between the Khalkhas and the Russians were friendly — as the young prince had maintained a peace with the Khalkas, forming the pact of the Oirats and the Khalkhas or "Khalkha–Oirat Ikh Tsaaz" on 1640 and the with allowing the Russians access to salt mines and trade relations. ^[6] However, after his death in 1653, Sengge had succeeded him with the help of Ochirtu of the Khoshut Khanate. ^[7] He soon severed ties with the Tsardom of Russia and the Altan Khanate — intending to take his father's(Erdeni) and grandfather's (Kharkhul) "Kyrgyz Land". ^[8]

Invasion

The Yenisei river.

The river flowing through the Shushensky Forest.

In 1665, the invasion started with Sengge invading the towards Krasnoyarsk with the help of the Khakas people, ^[9] They fought a Russian force led by Rodion Koltsov, ^[4] as the Dzungars had sacked and plundered nearby towns near Krasnoyarsk. ^[10] However he was defeated and taken as POW. ^[4] In 1666, Sengge attacked the Altan Khan at Yenisei — who also was campaigning on Yenisei river, ^[11] the Dzungars battled the Khotogoid army and captured Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji as a POW. ^[2] With his defeat, Sengge subjugated the Kyrgyz population, ^[2] and proceeded to annex the Altan Khanate. ^[3] Soon in 1667, Sengge had sieged the city of Krasnoyarsk, ^[12] as he blockaded the city and reduced it's population by starvation. ^[13] He had demanded the Russian government to recognize him as the Suzerian or Hegemon of the Kyrgyz population, ^[14] and to release the yaask paying Kyrgyz people to him but soon he had left, after the Russians had agreed to his terms. ^[1]

Aftermath

The peace between the Dzungars and Russians continued again, however Dzungar forces led by Baigorok tayiji invaded Russia again on the Biya river and the Kuznetsk basin — destroying Russian settlements and annexing the region. ^[15]

References

1. Boronin, O.V. (2002). Двоеданничество в Сибири XVII – 60-е. гг. XIX в.[Double tribute in Siberia XVII - 60s. XIX century Oleg Valerievich Boronin] (in Russian). Barnaul: Boronin, O.V., Edited by V.A. Moiseev. - Barnaul, 2002. p. 83.
2. Boronin, O.V. (2002). Двоеданничество в Сибири XVII – 60-е. гг. XIX в.[Double tribute in Siberia XVII - 60s. XIX century Oleg Valerievich Boronin] (in Russian). Barnaul: Boronin, O.V., Edited by V.A. Moiseev. - Barnaul, 2002. p. 82.
3. Kyachinov, Ye. I. (1999). Повествование об ойратском Галдане Бошокту-хане[Narrative of the Oirat Galdan Boshughtu Khan] (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Elista: Ye. I. Kyachinov. p. 208.
4. Shamilevich, Umetbaev Timur. ДЖУНГАРЫ У СТЕН КРАСНОЯРСКА 1667 ГОД Уметбаев Тимур Шамилевич[DZUNGARS AT THE WALLS OF KRASNOYARSK 1667 Umetbaev Timur Shamilevich] (in Russian).
5. Boronin, O.V. (2002). Двоеданничество в Сибири XVII – 60-е. гг. XIX в.[Double tribute in Siberia XVII - 60s. XIX century Oleg Valerievich Boronin] (in Russian). Barnaul: Boronin, O.V., Edited by V.A. Moiseev. - Barnaul, 2002. pp. 82–83.
6. Adle, Chahryar (2003). History of Civilizations of Central Asia (5th ed.). UNESCO, Adle Chahrayar. p. 147. ISBN   978-8120820463.
7. Adle, Chahryar (2003). History of Civilizations of Central Asia (5th ed.). UNESCO, Adle Chahrayar. p. 148. ISBN   978-8120820463.
8. Adle, Chahryar (2003). History of Civilizations of Central Asia (5th ed.). UNESCO, Adle Chahrayar. pp. 178–180. ISBN   978-8120820463.
9. Unknown & Gorod u Krasnogo Yara, p. 54. sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnknownGorod_u_Krasnogo_Yara (help)
10. Butanaev & Unknown, p. 144. sfn error: no target: CITEREFButanaevUnknown (help)
11. RGADA. F. Siberian order. Op. 5. 1667 Stb. 802. L. 81.
12. Службы «на крови». Служилые люди красноярского острога и борьба с енисейскими киргизами в конце XVII столетия
13. Adle, Chahryar (2003). History of Civilizations of Central Asia (5th ed.). UNESCO, Adle Chahrayar. p. 180. ISBN   978-8120820463.
14. Adle, Chahryar (2003). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. 5: Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. UNESCO Publishing. p. 178. ISBN   92-3-103876-1.
15. Boronin, Oleg V. "Двоеданничество в Сибири XVII - 60-е гг. XIX в." [Dual Subordination in Siberia from the 17th to the 1860s]. Двоеданничество в Сибири XVII - 60-е гг. XIX в. (in Russian).