Italians in New Orleans

Last updated
Central Grocery, an Italian-American grocery store in New Orleans where the muffuletta started in America. In 1906, Salvadore Lupo, owner of the Central Grocery, invented the muffuletta sandwich to feed fellow Sicilian immigrates. New Orleans has a historical Italian-American population. As of 2023 those identifying as of Italian descent were the largest ethnic group of Europeans in the New Orleans Metropolitan Area, numbering around 300,000. Central Grocery New Orleans March 2013.jpg
Central Grocery, an Italian-American grocery store in New Orleans where the muffuletta started in America. In 1906, Salvadore Lupo, owner of the Central Grocery, invented the muffuletta sandwich to feed fellow Sicilian immigrates. New Orleans has a historical Italian-American population. As of 2023 those identifying as of Italian descent were the largest ethnic group of Europeans in the New Orleans Metropolitan Area, numbering around 300,000.

Italians have had a presence in the New Orleans area since the explorations of the Europeans. [2] Many Sicilians immigrated to New Orleans in the 19th century, traveling on the Palermo-New Orleans route by ship. [3] [4] The number of Italians who immigrated in the late 19th century greatly exceeded those who had come before the American Civil War. [5] Only New York City has a higher population of Sicilian-Americans and Sicilian immigrants than New Orleans.

Contents

History

Economics in Louisiana and Sicily combined to bring about what became known as the great migration of thousands of Sicilians. The end of the Civil War allowed the freed men the choice to stay or to go, many chose to leave for higher paying jobs, which in turn led to a perceived scarcity of labor resources for the planters. Northern Italy enjoyed the fruits of modern industrialization, while southern Italy and Sicily suffered destitute conditions under the system of absentee landowners. The peasant was still essentially the serf in the system. Emigration not only offered peasants a chance to move beyond subsistence living, it also offered them a chance to pursue their own dreams of proprietorship as farmers or other business owners. On March 17, 1866, the Louisiana Bureau of Immigration was formed and planters began to look to Sicily as a possible solution to their labor needs. Steamship companies advertisements were very effective in recruiting potential workers. . Three steamships per month were running between New Orleans and Sicily by September 1881 at a cost of only forty dollars per person. [6]

In 1890 the ethnic Irish chief of police, David Hennessy was assassinated. [7] Suspicion fell on Italians, whose growing numbers in the city made other native whites nervous and led to vicious anti-Italian prejudice. [8] The March 14, 1891 New Orleans lynchings were the largest ever mass lynchings in Louisiana history. [8] The use of the term "mafia" by local media in relation to the murder is the first-known usage of the word in print.

Geography

"Little Palermo" was established by recent immigrants in the lower French Quarter. So many Italians settled here that some suggested the area should be renamed as "The Sicilian Quarter" in the early 20th century. As time passed and they became established, many Italian-Americans moved out of New Orleans and to the suburbs. [4]

Economy

Historically many corner stores in New Orleans were owned by Italians. Progresso Foods originated as a New Orleans Italian-American business. [4] The business established by the Vaccaro brothers later became Standard Fruit. [5]

After they first arrived, Italian immigrants generally took low-wage laboring jobs, which they could accomplish without being able to speak English. [5] They worked on docks, in macaroni factories, and in nearby sugar plantations. Some went to the French Market to sell fruit. [4] Italian workers became a significant presence in the French Market. [5]

Organizations

In 1843 the Società Italiana di Mutua Beneficenza was established. The San Bartolomeo Society, established by immigrants from Ustica, was established in 1879. As of 2004 it is the oldest Italian-American society in New Orleans. Joseph Maselli, an ethnic Italian from New Orleans, founded the first pan-U.S. Italian-American federation of organizations. [3]

The American Italian Cultural Center honors and celebrates the area's Italian-American heritage and culture. The AICC houses the American Italian Museum, with exhibits about the history and contributions of Italian-Americans to the region. The Piazza d'Italia is a local monument dedicated to the Italian-American community of New Orleans.

Recreation

On Saint Joseph's Day, ethnic Sicilians in the New Orleans area establish altars. [4] On that day marches organized by the Italian-American Marching Club occur. The club, which welcomes anyone of Italian origins, started in 1971 and as of 2004 has more than 1,500 members. [1]

Italian Americans originally established the Krewe of Virgilians because they were unable to join other Krewes in the Mardi Gras. In 1936 the krewes crowned their first queen, Marguerite Piazza, who worked in the New Orleans Metropolitan Opera. [3]

Cuisine

Italians in New Orleans brought with them many dishes from Sicilian cuisine and broader Italian cuisines, which influenced the Cuisine of New Orleans. Many food businesses and restaurants were started by Italians in New Orleans. Progresso, now a large Italian food brand, was started by Sicilian immigrants to New Orleans. Angelo Brocato's an Italian Ice Cream parlor and bakery, established in 1905 by a Sicilian immigrant, is still in existence today. Central Grocery, also founded by a Sicilian immigrant and still in business, originated the muffaletta sandwich, served on the traditional Sicilian muffaletta bread.

Angelo Brocato's MidCityBrocatosOpen.jpg
Angelo Brocato's

Notable people

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Americans</span> American citizens of Italian descent

Italian Americans are Americans who have full or partial Italian ancestry. According to the Italian American Studies Association, the current population is about 18 million, an increase from 16 million in 2010, corresponding to about 5.4% of the total population of the United States. The largest concentrations of Italian Americans are in the urban Northeast and industrial Midwestern metropolitan areas, with significant communities also residing in many other major U.S. metropolitan areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Standard Fruit Company</span> American fruit company

Standard Fruit Company was established in the United States in 1924 by the Vaccaro brothers. Its forerunner was started in 1899, when Sicilian Arberesh immigrants Joseph, Luca and Felix Vaccaro, together with Salvador D'Antoni, began importing bananas to New Orleans from La Ceiba, Honduras. By 1915, the business had grown so large that it bought most of the ice factories in New Orleans in order to refrigerate its banana ships, leading to its president, Joseph Vaccaro, becoming known as the "Ice King".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muffuletta</span> Bread and sandwich type

The muffuletta or muffaletta is a type of round Sicilian sesame bread and a popular sandwich that originated among Italian immigrants in New Orleans, Louisiana, using the same bread.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little Italy, Chicago</span> Human settlement in Illinois, United States of America

Little Italy, sometimes combined with University Village into one neighborhood, is on the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois. The current boundaries of Little Italy are Ashland Avenue on the west and Interstate 90/94 on the east, the Eisenhower Expressway on the north and Roosevelt to the south. It lies between the east side of the University of Illinois at Chicago campus in the Illinois Medical District and the west side of the University of Illinois at Chicago campus. The community was once predominantly Italian immigrants but now is made up of diverse ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds as a result of immigration, urban renewal, gentrification and the growth of the resident student and faculty population of the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). Its Italian-American heritage is primarily evident in the Italian-American restaurants that once lined Taylor Street. The neighborhood is home to the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame as well as the historic Roman Catholic churches Our Lady of Pompeii, Notre Dame de Chicago, and Holy Family.

<i>Lupara</i> Italian word for a type of shotgun

Lupara is an Italian word used to refer to a sawed-off shotgun of the break-open type. It is traditionally associated with the Sicilian Mafia for their use of it in vendettas, defense—such as its use against Benito Mussolini's army when he decided to break up the Sicilian mafioso network—and hunting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-Italianism</span> Discrimination against the Italian people

Anti-Italianism or Italophobia is a negative attitude regarding Italian people or people with Italian ancestry, often expressed through the use of prejudice, discrimination or stereotypes. Often stemming from xenophobia and anti-Catholic sentiment, it has manifested to varying degrees in a number of countries, notably the United States, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium and the United Kingdom. Its opposite is Italophilia, which is admiration of Italy, its people, and its culture.

Joseph, Luca, and FelixVaccaro, known as the Vaccaro brothers, were Italian-American businessmen originally from Sicily.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Culture of New Orleans</span> People and culture of New Orleans, Louisiana, US

The culture of New Orleans is unique among, and distinct from, that of other cities in the United States, including other Southern cities. New Orleans has been called the "northernmost Caribbean city" and "perhaps the most hedonistic city in the United States". Over the years, New Orleans has had a dominant influence on American and global culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sicilian Americans</span> Americans of Sicilian birth or descent

Sicilian Americans are Italian Americans who are fully or partially of Sicilian descent, whose ancestors were Sicilians who emigrated to United States during the Italian diaspora, or Sicilian-born people in U.S. They are a large ethnic group in the United States.

The New Orleans crime family, also known as the Marcello crime family or the New Orleans Mafia, was an Italian-American Mafia crime family based in the city of New Orleans. The family had a history of criminal activity dating back to the late nineteenth century. These activities included racketeering, extortion, gambling, prostitution, narcotics distribution, money laundering, loan sharking, fencing of stolen goods, and murder. Operating along the Gulf Coast, with its main criminal activity centered in the New Orleans area, the organization reached its height of influence under bosses Silvestro Carollo and Carlos Marcello.

An important part of Italian American identity, the Italian language has been widely spoken in the United States of America for more than one hundred years, due to large-scale immigration beginning in the late 19th century. Since the 1980s, however, it has seen a steady decline in the number of speakers, as earlier generations of Italian Americans die out and the language is less often spoken at home by successive generations due to assimilation and integration into American society. Today Italian is the eighth most spoken language in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Italians in Mississippi</span>

The History of Italians in Mississippi is related to the Italian presence and emigration to the State of Mississippi in southern US. The immense obstacles that these Italian immigrants faced in assimilating into the broader society were far from easy, while also attempting to preserve their identity, culture, and traditions in a new land. Italian immigrants are responsible for developing and contributing to the region now known as Mississippi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuisine of New Orleans</span> Culinary traditions of New Orleans, Louisiana, US

The cuisine of New Orleans encompasses common dishes and foods in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is perhaps the most distinctively recognized regional cuisine in the United States. Some of the dishes originated in New Orleans, while others are common and popular in the city and surrounding areas, such as the Mississippi River Delta and southern Louisiana. The cuisine of New Orleans is heavily influenced by Creole cuisine, Cajun cuisine, and soul food. Later on, due to immigration, Italian cuisine and Sicilian cuisine also has some influence on the cuisine of New Orleans. Seafood also plays a prominent part in the cuisine. Dishes invented in New Orleans include po' boy and muffuletta sandwiches, oysters Rockefeller and oysters Bienville, pompano en papillote, and bananas Foster, among others.

Joseph Nicholas Macaluso Sr. is an American musician, counselor, teacher, administrator, veteran of World War II and the Korean War, and retired colonel. He is also an author, Italian-American Civic Award recipient, and civic leader.

Chicago and its suburbs have a historical population of Italian Americans. As of 2000, about 500,000 in the Chicago area identified themselves as being Italian descent.

The American Italian Cultural Center(AICC) is a nonprofit institution in New Orleans, Louisiana, whose mission is to honor and celebrate Italian American history and culture in Louisiana. Founded in 1985 by Joseph Maselli and adjacent to New Orleans's renowned Piazza d'Italia, the AICC offers Italian language courses, concerts, events, trips to Italy, and dual-citizenship applications, as well as promotes other Italian American organizations and their events. The AICC also houses an Honorary Consul of Italy. It operates under the parent organization of the American Italian Renaissance Foundation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1891 New Orleans lynchings</span> Murder of eleven Italian men by a mob

The 1891 New Orleans lynchings were the murders of 11 Italian Americans and Italian immigrants in New Orleans by a mob for their alleged role in the murder of police chief David Hennessy after some of them had been acquitted at trial. It was the largest single mass lynching in American history. Most of the lynching victims accused in the murder had been rounded up and charged due to their Italian ethnicity.

Joseph Maselli was a businessman, philanthropist, and American-Italian activist. Maselli was the founder and publisher of the Italian American Digest. Maselli also founded the American Italian Museum and the Louisiana American Italian Sports Hall of Fame as well as the American Italian Federation of the Southeast, the first umbrella organization of Italian American groups in the region and now consisting of 30 organizations.

This is a list of organized crime in the 1890s, arranged chronologically.

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Maselli and Candeloro, p. 8.
  2. Maselli and Candeloro, p. 9.
  3. 1 2 3 Maselli and Candeloro, p. 7.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Maggi, Laura. "Italian immigrants: The Times-Picayune covers 175 years of New Orleans history." The Times-Picayune . January 29, 2012. Retrieved on August 28, 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Huber, Leonard Victor. New Orleans: A Pictorial History. Pelican Publishing, 1971. ISBN   1455609315, 9781455609314. p. 56.
  6. Saucier, H. Denise LoPresto. "From Dago to White: The Story of Sicilian Ethnic Evolution in New Orleans Amidst the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1905". The Aquila Digital Community Master's Theses. The University of Southern Mississippi. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  7. "1890: New Orleans police chief is assassinated." The Times-Picayune . September 24, 2011. Retrieved on August 28, 2014.
  8. 1 2 "ANTI-ITALIAN MOOD LED TO 1891 LYNCHINGS" (Archive). The Times-Picayune . March 14, 1991. p. B1. Retrieved on August 28, 2014.

Further reading