Ivan Ivanovich Borgman | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 24 February 1849 [1] |
| Died | 17 May 1914 (aged 65) [1] |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | Saint Petersburg State University |
Ivan Ivanovich Borgman (24 February 1849- 17 May 1914) [2] was a physicist from the Russian Empire, who first demonstrated in 1897 that X-rays and radioactive materials induced thermoluminescence. [3]
Borgman was born to a Russified Finnish-born father and a Russian mother. After graduating from the Second Saint Petersburg Gymnasium, he entered the Physics and Mathematics department of Saint Petersburg State University, in 1866 and graduated in 1870. In 1873, Borgman went to the University of Heidelberg, [4] where he attended lectures and studied in the laboratory under the German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. In 1875, he was appointed as a laboratory assistant at St. Petersburg University. Borgman received his Doctorate in 1882 after defending his thesis "On Slight heating of iron in the magnetization."
He became a professor of physics in Saint Petersburg State University from 1888. There he taught the famous physicist Alexander Popov. He along with Orest Khvolson taught one of the earliest course of electrical engineering in Russia. [2] In 1897, Borgman became the first scientist to demonstrate that X-rays and radioactive materials induce thermoluminescence. [3] He was also the first elected rector of the Saint Petersburg State University in 1905. He left the post in 1910. [1]
Under the leadership of Borgman, the V. A. Fock Institute of Physics was created in 1901. He was the second director of the institute from March 1902 to 1914 after F. F. Petrushevsky. [5]
In 1899, the Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University awarded Borgman the title of Honorary electrical engineer. In 1913 he was awarded honorary degree of Doctor of Laws (LLD) by University of St Andrews in Scotland. [6]
Zhores Ivanovich Alferov was a Soviet and Russian physicist and academic who contributed significantly to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics. He shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of the semiconductor heterojunction for optoelectronics. He also became a politician in his later life, serving in the lower house of the Russian parliament, the State Duma, as a member of the Communist Party from 1995.
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was a Russian chemist and inventor. He is best known for formulating the Periodic Law and creating a version of the periodic table of elements. He used the Periodic Law not only to correct the then-accepted properties of some known elements, such as the valence and atomic weight of uranium, but also to predict the properties of three elements that were yet to be discovered.
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. His surname is variously romanized as Ljapunov, Liapunov, Liapounoff or Ljapunow. He was the son of the astronomer Mikhail Lyapunov and the brother of the pianist and composer Sergei Lyapunov.
Oskar Benjamin Klein was a Swedish theoretical physicist.
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals.
Ilya Mikhailovich Frank was a Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize for Physics, jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the Soviet Union. He received the award for his work in explaining the phenomenon of Cherenkov radiation. He received the Stalin prize in 1946 and 1953 and the USSR state prize in 1971.
Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov , sometimes Semenov, Semionov or Semenoff was a Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation.
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky was a Russian mathematician and geometer, known primarily for his work on hyperbolic geometry, otherwise known as Lobachevskian geometry, and also for his fundamental study on Dirichlet integrals, known as the Lobachevsky integral formula.
Saint Petersburg State University is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great, the university from the beginning has had a focus on fundamental research in science, engineering and humanities.
Alexander Stepanovich Popov was a Russian physicist who was one of the first people to invent a radio receiving device.
Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann was a Russian and Soviet physicist and mathematician. He originated the pioneering theory that the universe is expanding, governed by a set of equations he developed known as the Friedmann equations.
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock was a Soviet physicist, who did foundational work on quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics.
Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya was a Russian mathematician who worked on partial differential equations, fluid dynamics, and the finite difference method for the Navier–Stokes equations. She received the Lomonosov Gold Medal in 2002. She is the author of more than two hundred scientific works, among which are six monographs.
Yegor (Egor) Ivanovich Zolotarev was a Russian mathematician.
Ludvig Dmitrievich Faddeev was a Soviet and Russian mathematical physicist. He is known for the discovery of the Faddeev equations in the theory of the quantum mechanical three-body problem and for the development of path integral methods in the quantization of non-abelian gauge field theories, including the introduction of Faddeev–Popov ghosts. He led the Leningrad School, in which he along with many of his students developed the quantum inverse scattering method for studying quantum integrable systems in one space and one time dimension. This work led to the invention of quantum groups by Drinfeld and Jimbo.
Aksel Ivanovich Berg was a Soviet scientist in radio-frequency engineering and Soviet Navy Admiral, Hero of Socialist Labour. He was a key figure in the introduction of cybernetics to the Soviet Union.
Alexey Andreevich Anselm was a Russian theoretical physicist, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, professor, director (1992–1994) of the B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), member of: the Russian and American Physical Society, the executive committee of the Nuclear Physics Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the editorial board of the Russian journal “Yadernaya Fizika”.
Ivan Ivanovich Lepyokhin was a Russian naturalist, zoologist, botanist and explorer.
Yuri Andreevich Yappa was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist. He is known for publications on particle physics, quantum field theory, General Relativity, philosophy of science, and for his graduate texts on classical electrodynamics and theory of spinors.
Boris Innokentievich Zubarev was a Russian physicist. Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.
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