Related Research Articles
Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that includes theft,lies,physical violence that may lead to destruction,and reckless breaking of rules,in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated. These behaviors are often referred to as "antisocial behaviors",and is often seen as the precursor to antisocial personality disorder;however,the latter,by definition,cannot be diagnosed until the individual is 18 years old. Conduct disorder may result from parental rejection and neglect and can be treated with family therapy,as well as behavioral modifications and pharmacotherapy. Conduct disorder is estimated to affect 51.1 million people globally as of 2013.
Juvenile delinquency,also known as juvenile offending,is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. The term delinquent usually refers to juvenile delinquency,and is also generalised to refer to a young person who behaves an unacceptable way.
Physical abuse is any intentional act causing injury,trauma,bodily harm or other physical suffering to another person or animal by way of bodily contact. Physical abuse is a type of abuse that involves physical violence,such as hitting,kicking,pushing,biting,choking,throwing objects,and using weapons. Physical abuse also includes using restraints or confinement,such as tying someone up,locking them in a room,or restraining them with drugs or alcohol. Physical abuse can also include withholding basic needs,such as food,clothing,or medical care. In addition to the physical injuries caused by physical abuse,it can also lead to psychological trauma,such as fear,anxiety,depression,and post-traumatic stress disorder. Physical abuse can occur in any relationship,including those between family members,partners,and caregivers. It can also occur in institutional settings,such as nursing homes,schools,and prisons. Physical abuse can have long-term physical,psychological,and social consequences,and can even be fatal.
School violence includes violence between school students as well as attacks by students on school staff. It encompasses physical violence,including student-on-student fighting,corporal punishment;psychological violence such as verbal abuse,and sexual violence,including rape and sexual harassment. It includes many forms of bullying and carrying weapons in school. The one or more perpetrators typically have more physical,social,and/or psychological power than the victim. It is widely believed by society to have become a serious problem in recent decades in many countries,especially where weapons such as guns or knives are involved.
Suicide prevention is a collection of efforts to reduce the risk of suicide. Suicide is often preventable,and the efforts to prevent it may occur at the individual,relationship,community,and society level. Suicide is a serious public health problem that can have long-lasting effects on individuals,families,and communities. Preventing suicide requires strategies at all levels of society. This includes prevention and protective strategies for individuals,families,and communities. Suicide can be prevented by learning the warning signs,promoting prevention and resilience,and committing to social change.
An at-risk student is a term used in the United States to describe a student who requires temporary or ongoing intervention in order to succeed academically. At risk students,sometimes referred to as at-risk youth or at-promise youth,are also adolescents who are less likely to transition successfully into adulthood and achieve economic self-sufficiency. Characteristics of at-risk students include emotional or behavioral problems,truancy,low academic performance,showing a lack of interest for academics,and expressing a disconnection from the school environment. A school's effort to at-risk students is essential. For example,a study showed that 80% to 87% of variables that led to a school's retention are predictable with linear modeling. In January 2020,Governor Newsom of California changed all references to "at-risk" to "at-promise" in the California Penal Codes.
Substance abuse prevention,also known as drug abuse prevention,is a process that attempts to prevent the onset of substance use or limit the development of problems associated with using psychoactive substances. Prevention efforts may focus on the individual or their surroundings. A concept that is known as "environmental prevention" focuses on changing community conditions or policies so that the availability of substances is reduced as well as the demand. Individual Substance Abuse Prevention,also known as drug abuse prevention involves numerous different sessions depending on the individual to help cease or reduce the use of substances. The time period to help a specific individual can vary based upon many aspects of an individual. The type of Prevention efforts should be based upon the individual's necessities which can also vary. Substance use prevention efforts typically focus on minors and young adults –especially between 12–35 years of age. Substances typically targeted by preventive efforts include alcohol,tobacco,marijuana,inhalants,coke,methamphetamine,steroids,club drugs,and opioids. Community advocacy against substance use is imperative due to the significant increase in opioid overdoses in the United States alone. It has been estimated that about one hundred and thirty individuals continue to lose their lives daily due to opioid overdoses alone.
Adolescent health,or youth health,is the range of approaches to preventing,detecting or treating young people's health and well-being.
Communities That Care (CTC) is a program of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) in the office of the United States Government's Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). CTC is a coalition-based prevention operating system that uses a public health approach to prevent youth problem behaviors such as violence,delinquency,school drop out and substance abuse. Using strategic consultation,training,and research-based tools,CTC is designed to help community stakeholders and decision makers understand and apply information about risk and protective factors,and programs that are proven to make a difference in promoting healthy youth development,in order to most effectively address the specific issues facing their community's youth.
Smokingamong youth and adolescents is an issue that affects countries worldwide. While the extent to which smoking is viewed as a negative health behavior may vary across different nations,it remains an issue regardless of how it is perceived by different societies. The United States has taken numerous measures,ranging from changes in national policy surrounding youth cigarette access to changes in media campaigns,in attempts to eliminate the use of tobacco products among teenagers. Approximately 90% of smokers begin smoking prior to the age of 18.
Multisystemic therapy (MST) is an intense,family-focused and community-based treatment program for juveniles with serious criminal offenses who are possibly abusing substances. It is also a therapy strategy to teach their families how to foster their success in recovery.
Prevention science is the application of a scientific methodology that seeks to prevent or moderate major human dysfunctions before they occur. Regardless of the type of issue on hand,the factors that lead to the problem must be identified and addressed. Prevention research is thus focused primarily on the systematic study of these potential precursors of dysfunction,also known as risk factors;as well as components or circumstances that reduces the probability of problem development in the presence of risk,also known as protective factors. Preventive interventions aim to counteract risk factors and reinforce protective factors in order to disrupt processes or situations that give rise to human or social dysfunction.
Kenneth Dodge is the William McDougall Distinguished Professor of Public Policy and Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. He is also the founding and past director of the Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy and founder of Family Connects International.
School-based prevention programs are initiatives implemented into school settings that aim to increase children's academic success and reduce high-risk problem behaviors.
Wendee M. Wechsberg is an American social science researcher. Wechsberg's research focuses on developing and testing the efficacy of HIV prevention interventions among key populations of substance abusers globally. She is a recognized expert in the fields of substance abuse,gender inequality,and HIV. She developed the Women's CoOp intervention,a woman-focused behavioral HIV intervention that incorporates gender- and culture-specific skills training. Wechsberg is a Principal Researcher and Director of the Substance Use,Gender,and Applied Research (SUGAR) Program at RTI International and Director of the RTI Global Gender Center. She is also adjunct professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) Gillings School of Global Public Health,Adjunct Professor of Psychology at North Carolina State University (NCSU),and adjunct professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University School of Medicine.
David Philip Farrington is a British criminologist,forensic psychologist,and emeritus professor of psychological criminology at the University of Cambridge,where he is also a Leverhulme Trust Emeritus Fellow. In 2014,Paul Hawkins and Bitna Kim wrote that Farrington "is considered one of the leading psychologists and main contributors to the field of criminology in recent years."
Suicide among Native Americans in the United States, both attempted and completed,is more prevalent than in any other racial or ethnic group in the United States. Among American youths specifically,Native American youths also show higher rates of suicide than American youths of other races. Despite making up only 0.9% of the total United States population,American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) are a significantly heterogeneous group,with 560 federally recognized tribes,more than 200 non-federally recognized tribes,more than 300 languages spoken,and one half or more of them living in urban areas. Suicide rates are likewise variable within AIAN communities. Reported rates range from 0 to 150 per 100,000 members of the population for different groups. Native American men are more likely to commit suicide than Native American women,but Native American women show a higher prevalence of suicidal behaviors. Interpersonal relationships,community environment,spirituality,mental healthcare,and alcohol abuse interventions are among subjects of studies about the effectiveness of suicide prevention efforts. David Lester calls attention to the existence and importance of theories of suicide developed by indigenous peoples themselves,and notes that they "can challenge traditional Western theories of suicide." Studies by Olson and Wahab as well as Doll and Brady report that the Indian Health Service has lacked the resources needed to sufficiently address mental health problems in Native American communities. The most complete records of suicide among Native Americans in the United States are reported by the Indian Health Service.
Judy Garber is a clinical psychologist known for her research on emotional dysregulation and mood disorders,with a focus on cognitive-behavioral interventions for adolescents who have depression. Garber is Cornelius Vanderbilt Professor of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University.
Deborah M. Capaldi is a developmental psychologist known for her research on at-risk male youth and the intergenerational transmission of substance use,antisocial behavior,intimate partner violence,and child abuse. She is a senior scientist at the Oregon Social Learning Center. Her current projects focus on child exposure to family violence and parenting practices of at-risk parents.
Community Crime Prevention relates to interventions designed to bring reform to the social conditions that influence,and encourage,offending in residential communities. Community crime prevention has a main focus on both the social and local institutions found within communities which can influence crime rates,specifically juvenile delinquency.
References
- ↑ Congress, The Library of. "Hawkins, J. David – LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies | Library of Congress, from LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress)". id.loc.gov.
- 1 2 3 4 "J. David Hawkins | School of Social Work". socialwork.uw.edu.
- 1 2 "Society for Prevention Research » 2012 AWARDS PRESENTATION". www.preventionresearch.org.
- 1 2 "Distinguished Career Achievement Award – SSWR Awards" (PDF).
- ↑ "Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories – University of Macau".
- ↑ "Communities That Care: Building Community Engagement and Capacity to Prevent Youth Behavior Problems – Zayed University Library".
- ↑ Hawkins, J. David; Oesterle, Sabrina; Brown, Eric C.; Abbott, Robert D.; Catalano, Richard F. (February 12, 2014). "Youth problem behaviors 8 years after implementing the communities that care prevention system: a community-randomized trial". JAMA Pediatrics. 168 (2): 122–129. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4009. PMC 3946405 . PMID 24322060.
- 1 2 "APA PsycNet". psycnet.apa.org.
- ↑ Gerardi, Donna. "New Members Press Release".
- 1 2 "Annual Report: 2016 – 2017 – Division of Experimental Criminology" (PDF).
- ↑ "J. David Hawkins". scholar.google.com.
- ↑ "Prevention of substance use and substance use disorders: The role of risk and protective factors | Request PDF".
- ↑ "Policy Recommendations for Meeting the Grand Challenge to Ensure Healthy Development for All Youth".
- ↑ Arthur, Michael W.; Hawkins, J. David; Pollard, John A.; Catalano, Richard F.; Baglioni, A. J. (December 12, 2002). "Measuring risk and protective factors for substance use, delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors. The Communities That Care Youth Survey". Evaluation Review. 26 (6): 575–601. doi:10.1177/0193841X0202600601. PMID 12465571. S2CID 143737318 – via PubMed.
- ↑ Beyers, Jennifer M.; Toumbourou, John W.; Catalano, Richard F.; Arthur, Michael W.; Hawkins, J. David (July 12, 2004). "A cross-national comparison of risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: the United States and Australia". The Journal of Adolescent Health. 35 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.08.015. PMID 15193569 – via PubMed.
- ↑ Egan, E. A.; Van Horn, M. L.; Monahan, K. C.; Arthur, M. W.; Hawkins, J. D. (2011). "Community-level Effects of Individual and Peer Risk and Protective Factors on Adolescent Substance Use – PMC". Journal of Community Psychology. 39 (4): 478–498. doi:10.1002/jcop.20437. PMC 3748622 . PMID 23976800.
- ↑ Hawkins, J. David; Van Horn, M. Lee; Arthur, Michael W. (December 12, 2004). "Community variation in risk and protective factors and substance use outcomes". Prevention Science. 5 (4): 213–220. doi:10.1023/b:prev.0000045355.53137.45. PMID 15566047. S2CID 41899204 – via PubMed.
- ↑ Briney, John S.; Brown, Eric C.; Hawkins, J. David; Arthur, Michael W. (December 12, 2012). "Predictive validity of established cut points for risk and protective factor scales from the communities that care youth survey". The Journal of Primary Prevention. 33 (5–6): 249–258. doi:10.1007/s10935-012-0280-1. PMC 3531995 . PMID 23143070.
- ↑ Arthur, Michael W.; Briney, John S.; Hawkins, J. David; Abbott, Robert D.; Brooke-Weiss, Blair L.; Catalano, Richard F. (May 12, 2007). "Measuring risk and protection in communities using the Communities That Care Youth Survey". Evaluation and Program Planning. 30 (2): 197–211. doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2007.01.009. PMID 17689325 – via PubMed.
- ↑ Fagan, Abigail A.; Van Horn, M. Lee; Hawkins, J. David; Arthur, Michael (May 12, 2007). "Using community and family risk and protective factors for community-based prevention planning". Journal of Community Psychology. 35 (4): 535–555. doi:10.1002/jcop.20163 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ Fagan, Abigail A.; Van Horn, M. Lee; Hawkins, J. David; Arthur, Michael W. (June 12, 2007). "Gender similarities and differences in the association between risk and protective factors and self-reported serious delinquency". Prevention Science. 8 (2): 115–124. doi:10.1007/s11121-006-0062-1. PMID 17226092. S2CID 2909064 – via PubMed.
- ↑ Monahan, K. C.; Oesterle, S.; Rhew, I.; Hawkins, J. D. (2014). "The Relation Between Risk and Protective Factors for Problem Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms, Antisocial Behavior, and Alcohol Use in Adolescence – PMC". Journal of Community Psychology. 42 (5): 621–638. doi:10.1002/jcop.21642. PMC 4791062 . PMID 26985122.
- ↑ Fleming, Christopher M.; Eisenberg, Nicole; Catalano, Richard F.; Kosterman, Rick; Cambron, Christopher; David Hawkins, J.; Hobbs, Tim; Berman, Ilene; Fleming, Tammi; Watrous, Jessie (July 1, 2019). "Optimizing Assessment of Risk and Protection for Diverse Adolescent Outcomes: Do Risk and Protective Factors for Delinquency and Substance Use Also Predict Risky Sexual Behavior?". Prevention Science. 20 (5): 788–799. doi:10.1007/s11121-019-0987-9. PMID 30645734. S2CID 58010312 – via Springer Link.
- ↑ "APA PsycNet". psycnet.apa.org.
- ↑ Hawkins, J. D.; Catalano, R. F.; Wells, E. A. (October 12, 1986). "Measuring effects of a skills training intervention for drug abusers". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 54 (5): 661–664. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.54.5.661. PMID 3771883 – via PubMed.
- ↑ Hawkins, J. David; Jenson, Jeffrey M.; Catalano, Richard F.; Wells, Elizabeth A. (April 12, 1991). "Effects of a Skills Training Intervention With Juvenile Delinquents". Research on Social Work Practice. 1 (2): 107–121. doi:10.1177/104973159100100201. S2CID 144067686 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ O'Donnell, J.; Hawkins, J. D.; Catalano, R. F.; Abbott, R. D.; Day, L. E. (January 12, 1995). "Preventing school failure, drug use, and delinquency among low-income children: long-term intervention in elementary schools". The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 65 (1): 87–100. doi:10.1037/h0079598. PMID 7733220 – via PubMed.
- ↑ "A Universal Intervention for the Prevention of Substance Abuse: Preparing for the Drug-Free Years – NIDA" (PDF).
- ↑ Kosterman, Rick; Hawkins, J. David; Spoth, Richard; Haggerty, Kevin P.; Zhu, Kangmin (July 12, 1997). "Effects of a preventive parent-training intervention on observed family interactions: proximal outcomes from preparing for the drug free years". Journal of Community Psychology. 25 (4): 337–352. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199707)25:4<337::AID-JCOP3>3.0.CO;2-R – via CrossRef.
- ↑ Hawkins, J. D.; Guo, J.; Hill, K. G.; Battin-Pearson, S.; Abbott, R. D. (2001). "Long-Term Effects of the Seattle Social Development Intervention on School Bonding Trajectories – PMC". Applied Developmental Science. 5 (4): 225–236. doi:10.1207/S1532480XADS0504_04. PMC 2040120 . PMID 17955057.
- ↑ Hawkins, J. David; Kosterman, Rick; Catalano, Richard F.; Hill, Karl G.; Abbott, Robert D. (January 12, 2005). "Promoting positive adult functioning through social development intervention in childhood: long-term effects from the Seattle Social Development Project". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 159 (1): 25–31. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.159.1.25 . PMID 15630054.
- ↑ Kosterman, Rick; Hawkins, J. David; Hill, Karl G.; Bailey, Jennifer A.; Catalano, Richard F.; Abbott, Robert D. (October 12, 2019). "Effects of Social Development Intervention in Childhood on Adult Life at Ages 30 to 39". Prevention Science. 20 (7): 986–995. doi:10.1007/s11121-019-01023-3. PMC 6722016 . PMID 31152329.
- ↑ Hill, Karl G.; Bailey, Jennifer A.; Steeger, Christine M.; Hawkins, J. David; Catalano, Richard F.; Kosterman, Rick; Epstein, Marina; Abbott, Robert D. (August 1, 2020). "Outcomes of Childhood Preventive Intervention Across 2 Generations: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial". JAMA Pediatrics. 174 (8): 764–771. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1310. PMC 7281355 . PMID 32511669.
- ↑ Hawkins, J. D.; Catalano, R. F.; Arthur, M. W.; Egan, E.; Brown, E. C.; Abbott, R. D.; Murray, D. M. (2008). "Testing Communities That Care: The Rationale, Design and Behavioral Baseline Equivalence of the Community Youth Development Study – PMC". Prevention Science. 9 (3): 178–190. doi:10.1007/s11121-008-0092-y. PMC 2562862 . PMID 18516681.
- ↑ Arthur, Michael W.; Hawkins, J. David; Brown, Eric C.; Briney, John S.; Oesterle, Sabrina; Abbott, Robert D.; Abbott, R. D. (March 12, 2010). "Implementation of the Communities That Care Prevention System by Coalitions in the Community Youth Development Study". Journal of Community Psychology. 38 (2): 245–258. doi:10.1002/jcop.20362. PMC 3244354 . PMID 22199409.
- ↑ Kuklinski, Margaret R.; Oesterle, Sabrina; Briney, John S.; Hawkins, J. David (May 12, 2021). "Long-term Impacts and Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Communities That Care Prevention System at Age 23, 12 Years After Baseline". Prevention Science. 22 (4): 452–463. doi:10.1007/s11121-021-01218-7. PMC 8375313 . PMID 33837890.
- ↑ Toumbourou, Richard F. Catalano, J. David Hawkins, John W. (July 12, 2008). "Positive Youth Development in the United States: History, Efficacy, and Links to Moral and Character Education". Handbook of Moral and Character Education. Routledge. pp. 475–499. doi:10.4324/9780203931431-33. ISBN 9780203931431.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Catalano, Richard F.; M. Lisa Berglund; Jean A. M. Ryan; Heather S. Lonczak; Hawkins, J. David (2004). "Positive Youth Development in the United States: Research Findings on Evaluations of Positive Youth Development Programs". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 591: 98–124. doi:10.1177/0002716203260102. JSTOR 4127638. S2CID 146314685 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ Catalano, Richard F.; Hawkins, J. David; Berglund, M. Lisa; Pollard, John A.; Arthur, Michael W. (December 12, 2002). "Prevention science and positive youth development: competitive or cooperative frameworks?". The Journal of Adolescent Health. 31 (6 Suppl): 230–239. doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00496-2. PMID 12470920 – via PubMed.
- ↑ "The Paul Tappan Award – Western Society of Criminology".
- ↑ "CASEL Awards". CASEL.
