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Nammalvar was one of the twelve Alvar saints of Tamil Nadu, India, who are known for their affiliation to the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism. The verses of the Alvars are compiled as the Naalayira Divya Prabandham, where praises are sung of 108 temples that are classified as divine realms, called the Divya Desams. Nammalvar is considered to be the fifth in the line of the twelve Alvars. He was born in a Shudra family, but his pursuit of knowledge accorded him the respect of a Brahmin. He is highly regarded as a great mystic of the Vaishnava tradition. He is also considered to be the foremost among the twelve Alvars, and his contributions amount to 1352 among the 4000 stanzas in the Naalayira Divya Prabandam.
The Naalayira Divya Prabandham is a collection of 4,000 Tamil verses composed by the 12 Alvars. It was compiled in its present form by Nathamuni during the 9th–10th centuries. The work, an important liturgical compilation of the Tamil Alvars, marks the beginning of the canonisation of 12 Vaishnava poet saints, and these hymns are still sung extensively today. The works were lost before they were collected and organised in the form of an anthology by Nathamuni.
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References
- Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 Senate of Serampore College, List of the Recipients of the Degree of Doctor of Divinity (Honoris Causa). Archived 11 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Neil A. Flanagan, Biographical Register 1880-1974 Corpus Christi College (University of Oxford), 1988, p.169.
- 1 2 3 J. S. M. Hooper, Bible translation in India, Pakistan and Ceylon, Oxford University Press, Mumbai, 1963.
- 1 2 3 4 Wesley Higher Secondary School, Chennai, Succession list of Headmasters.
- ↑ The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who, Bennett, Coleman & Company, 1945, p.415.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Neville Barker Cryer, Bibles Across the World, Mowbrays, 1979, p.109.
- 1 2 Annual Report of the American Bible Society, Volume 149, American Bible Society, 1964, p.144.
- ↑ Sophia Wadia (Edited), The Aryan Path, Volume 36, 1965, p.89.
- ↑ University of California, Berkeley
- 1 2 Nammalwar, A Hundred Measures of Time: Tiruviruttam. Translated by Archana Venkatesan, Penguin India, 2014.
- ↑ Gordon Stevens Wakefield, Robert Newton Flew, 1886–1962, Epworth Press, 1971, p.209.
- 1 2 3 Bengt Sundkler, Church of South India: the movement towards union, 1900–1947, Seabury Press, 1954.
- ↑ J. S. M. Hooper, The approach to the Gospel : addresses delivered to the Annual Conference of the American Presbyterian Mission of Western India at Panhala, Kolhapur, American Presbyterian Mission of Western India, Kolhapur, 1918.
- ↑ J. S. M. Hooper, The approach to the Gospel, Student Christian Movement, London, 1920.
- ↑ Hooper, John Stirling Morley (1929). Hymns of the Alvars. Calcutta: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
- ↑ J. S. M. Hooper, The Bible in India : with a chapter on Ceylon, Oxford University Press, London, 1938.
- ↑ J. S. M. Hooper, Life eternal : addresses delivered at the Kodaikanal missionary convention, Christian Literature Society for India, Chennai, 1944.
- ↑ J. S. M. Hooper, A Call to Prayer to the Uniting Churches in South India, Joint Committee on Union of the Church of England in India and the South India United Church, Unknown publisher, 1947.
- ↑ J. S. M. Hooper, The temptation and the establishment of the kingdom of God, Christian Literature Society for India, Chennai, 1948.
- ↑ J. S. M. Hooper, Greek New Testament terms in Indian languages : a comparative word list, Bible Society of India and Ceylon (1956–1966) Committee on Greek New Testament Terms in Indian Languages, Bible Society of India and Ceylon, Bangalore, 1957.
- ↑ J. S. M. Hooper, The story of Methodism in Stratford-upon-Avon, Herald Press, Stratford-upon-Avon, 1963.
- ↑ Supplement to the London Gazette, 9 June, 1938, p.3706
- ↑ Sankar Ray, The Hindu (Business Line), 11 April 2008 Almost a century later, the charter was endorsed officially under the Bengal Govt Act IV of 1918. Internet, accessed 30 November 2008.
- ↑ "UoB Calmview5: Search results". calmview.bham.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- Further reading
- Nammalvar (Translated by Archana Venkatesan) (2014). A Hundred Measures of Time: Tiruvirrutam. Penguin India. ISBN 9780143066378.