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The Karan or Karana is a community of writers found in the state of Odisha in India. The post of Karana used to be a professional designation that was occupied by literate peoples. They held Karanam post in some parts of Andhra Pradesh, where they speak Odia and played the similar role in Odisha as that of the Kayasthas of West Bengal and Bihar. In the social hierarchy of Odisha they rank next to Brahmins. They were exclusively served the ruling powers as their ministers, advisors, governers, military commanders, accountants, record keepers and diwans. They have the highest literacy caste-wise and are highly prosperous. Today they are a politically dominant community and have reigned over the politics of Odisha for 50 years.
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The Bhumij Rebellion or Bhumij Revolt, also known as Ganga Narain's Hungama was a revolt during 1832–1833 by Bhumij tribals based in the Dhalbhum and Jungle Mahal areas of the Midnapore district of the erstwhile Bengal state. It was led by Ganga Narayan Singh.
Edward Tuite Dalton CSI was a British soldier and anthropologist. He was posted in Assam, then became commissioner of Chota Nagpur Division. He was posted in Chotanagpur for two decades. Later he became major general of Bengal Lancer. He commanded both European and native people during the sepoy mutiny of 1857. Dalton, along with justice Campbell, Herbert Hope Risley, John-Baptist Hoffmann and P.O.Bidding initiated ethnographic studies in Chotanagpur. His work Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal formed a part of the Census in British India in 1872.
References
- ↑ Journal of Historical Research. Department of History, Ranchi University. 2007.
- ↑ Mahto, Shailendra (1 January 2021). Jharkhand Mein Vidroh Ka Itihas (in Hindi). Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 978-93-90366-63-7.
- ↑ Paty, Chittaranjan Kumar (2002). History of Seraikella and Kharsawan States. Classical Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-7054-359-6.
- ↑ Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi (2007). Rethinking 1857. Orient Longman. ISBN 978-81-250-3269-4.
- ↑ Sahu, N. K. (1985). Veer Surendra Sai. Dept. of Culture, Govt. of Orissa. pp. Page 130-135.
- ↑ ""A theoretical study on Prof. N.K. Sahu Contribution towards Modern History of Odisha" Dr. Sumitab Nayak. ISSN 2320-8708" (PDF). "A theoretical study on Prof. N.K. Sahu Contribution towards Modern History of Odisha" Dr. Sumitab Nayak: Page 115-116.