Jakob Rem | |
|---|---|
 Jakob Rem votive (1850) | |
| Born | June 1546 Bregenz, Austria |
| Died | 12 October 1618 (aged 72) Ingolstadt, Bavaria |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Occupation | Jesuit |
| Known for | Mater ter admirabilis |
Jakob Rem (June 1546 - 12 October 1618) was an Austrian member of the Society of Jesus, a Catholic evangelical organization, and an early member of the Congregation of Marian Fathers.
Jakob Rem was born in June 1546 in Bregenz, Austria. [1] [lower-alpha 1] In 1556 his family moved to Dillingen an der Donau, Bavaria. [1] He studied at the Jesuit secondary school in Dillingen. Soon after starting his university studies in 1566 he asked for admission to the Jesuit order. He was sent to Rome, and on 18 September 1566 began his first novitiate. [3] In Rome he met the Jesuit leaders Peter Canisius and Francis Borgia. [1] He was a fellow student of Stanislaus Kostka and Claudio Acquaviva. [4] While in Rome Jakob Rem came to know of the Sodality of Our Lady, a Marian society that had been founded there a few years earlier. [1]
After completing his novitiate, in the autumn of 1568 Jakob Rem returned to Dillingen, where he studied philosophy. He earned a master's degree a year later, and then studied theology. [3] He was ordained a priest in 1573 in Augsburg. [1] He held his first mass on 21 May 1573. [3] On 13 November 1574 he founded a Marian congregation in Dillingen dedicated to the Assumption of Mary. [1] This was the first Marian Congregation in Southern Germany. [4] In 1582 he became chancellor of Jesuit seminary at Dillingen. In 1584 Rem moved to the Jesuit College in Munich, and in 1585 was made prefect in the local Jesuit seminary of Saint Michael. [3]
Jakob Rem became chancellor of the Jesuit Seminary at Ingolstadt in 1586, a position he would hold until his death. He was exceptional for his renunciation of worldly things, for ecstasies, visions and prophecies. [3] On 4 May 1595 Jakob Rem founded the Colloquium Marianum during the dedication of a new altar at the Jesuit College of Ingolstadt. The image of the Virgin was placed above the altar [5] The Colloquium Marianum became an elite movement that included many of the leaders of the Counter Reformation. [1]
Jakob Rem gained a high reputation for his intelligence, wisdom and piety. [6] He died at Ingolstadt on 12 October 1618. [4] In 1875, the Jesuits began the process of canonizing him. [3]
Around 1570 Francis Borgia, Superior General of the Jesuits, gave the Jesuit College of Ingolstadt a copy of the icon Salus Populi Romani , also called Maria Schnee (Our Lady of the Snow) depicting the Virgin and Child. The original is in Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. [4] Ingolstadt received a carefully made copy of the icon. [7] Rem used the picture as a basis for teaching his students devotion of the Virgin. [4]
Jakob Rem came to believe that the invocation "Mother admirable" in the Litany of Loreto summarized all that could be said about the Mother of God. [1] On 6 April 1604, according to a Jesuit chronicle, the Virgin Mary confirmed this in a vision to Father Jakob. He was moved to ask the choir to repeat the phrase Mater admirablis three times to please the Virgin. This repetition became a set part of the litany of the Colloquists. [5] The icon was given the name Mater ter admirabilis after the miraculous event, and became the focus for Marian devotion in the college. It was used during the Counter-Reformation as justification of the cult of images. [7]
The icon is now kept at the Münster Zur SchönenUnsere Lieben Frau in Ingolstadt.
Rem is credited with the Marian devotion of Mary, Untier of Knots. In 1612 the nobleman Wolfgang Langenmantel (1568-1637) came to Ingolstadt to seek Rem's advice about his marriage, which was on the verge of breakdown. He met with Rem four times. On the last visit, after Rem had been praying in front of the painting of the Mater ter admirabilis, Rem took Wolfgang's wedding ribbon and solemnly untied the wedding knots, smoothing out the ribbon, which became intensely white. Wolfgang felt that this symbolized the solution of his marital problems, and returned to his wife. [6]
Madonna Della Strada or Santa Maria Della Strada is a painting of the Blessed Virgin Mary enshrined at the Church of the Gesù in Rome, mother church of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) religious order of the Catholic Church; it is a variation on the basilissa (imperial) type of icon.
The Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a Marian litany originally approved in 1587 by Pope Sixtus V. It is also known as the Litany of Loreto, after its first-known place of origin, the Shrine of Our Lady of Loreto (Italy), where its usage was recorded as early as 1558.
Christoph Scheiner SJ was a Jesuit priest, physicist and astronomer in Ingolstadt.
Catholic Mariology is Mariology in Catholic theology. According to the Immaculate Conception taught by the Catholic Church, she was conceived and born without sin, hence Mary is seen as having a singular dignity above the saints, receiving a higher level of veneration than all angelic spirits and blessed souls in heaven. Catholic Mariology thus studies not only her life but also the veneration of her in daily life, prayer, hymns, art, music, and architecture in modern and ancient Christianity throughout the ages.
Salus Populi Romani is a Roman Catholic title associated with the venerated image of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Rome. This Byzantine icon of the Madonna and Christ Child holding a Gospel book on a gold ground, now heavily overpainted, is kept in the Borghese (Pauline) Chapel of the Basilica of Saint Mary Major.
Marian devotions are external pious practices directed to the person of Mary, mother of God, by members of certain Christian traditions. They are performed in Catholicism, High Church Lutheranism, Anglo-Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy, but generally rejected in other Christian denominations.
Johannes K(h)uen, priest, poet, and composer, was one of the leading literary figures of the early Baroque in Bavaria.
Our Lady of Confidence, also known as La Madonna della Fiducia or Our Lady of Trust, is a venerated image depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary enshrined at the Lateran Basilica. The feast of Our Lady of Confidence falls on the last Saturday prior to Lent.
Mary, Untier of Knots or Mary, Undoer of Knots is the name of both a Marian devotion and a Baroque painting which represents that devotion. The painting by Johann Georg Melchior Schmidtner, of around 1700, is in the Catholic pilgrimage church of St. Peter am Perlach, otherwise known as the Perlach church, in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany. Devotion to the image had been limited to certain countries in Latin America but became known worldwide following the election of Pope Francis.
Mary, the mother of Jesus in Christianity, is known by many different titles, epithets, invocations, and several names associated with places.
The University of Dillingen, at Dillingen an der Donau in southern Germany, existed from 1551 to 1803. It was located in Swabia, then a district of Bavaria.
Mariology is the theological study of Mary, the mother of Jesus. Mariology seeks to relate doctrine or dogma about Mary to other doctrines of the faith, such as those concerning Jesus and notions about redemption, intercession and grace. Christian Mariology aims to place the role of the historic Mary in the context of scripture, tradition and the teachings of the Church on Mary. In terms of social history, Mariology may be broadly defined as the study of devotion to and thinking about Mary throughout the history of Christianity.
Colloquium Marianum was an elite type of Marian sodality, founded by Jesuit Father Jakob Rem of the Jesuit Seminary at Ingolstadt in 1594 AD in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, with the aim to reach holiness of life through an ever-deeper love of the Virgin Mary.
Mater ter admirabilis, literally "Mother thrice admirable", is a Latin invocation from the Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary refer to special Marian devotions held in the Catholic Church during the month of May honoring Mary, mother of God as "the Queen of May". These services may take place inside or outside. A "May Crowning" is a traditional Roman Catholic ritual that occurs in the month of May.
The Mariology of the popes is the theological study of the influence that the popes have had on the development, formulation and transformation of the Roman Catholic Church's doctrines and devotions relating to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The veneration of Mary, mother of Jesus in the Catholic Church encompasses various Marian devotions which include prayer, pious acts, visual arts, poetry, and music devoted to the Virgin Mary. Popes have encouraged it, while also taking steps to reform some manifestations of it. The Holy See has insisted on the importance of distinguishing "true from false devotion, and authentic doctrine from its deformations by excess or defect". There are significantly more titles, feasts, and venerative Marian practices among Roman Catholics than in other Western Christian traditions. The term hyperdulia indicates the special veneration due to Mary, greater than the ordinary dulia for other saints, but utterly unlike the latria due only to God.
Mary has been one of the major subjects of Western Art for centuries. Numerous pieces of Marian art in the Catholic Church covering a range of topics have been produced, from masters such as Michelangelo and Botticelli to works by unknown artists.
The Jesuit College of Ingolstadt was a Jesuit school in Ingolstadt, in the Duchy and Electorate of Bavaria, founded in 1556, that operated until the suppression of the Jesuit Order in 1773. The college was the headquarters of the Jesuits in Germany, and became a center of the Counter-Reformation. Many of its members taught at the University of Ingolstadt.
Our Lady of Consolation or Mary, Consoler of the Afflicted is a Roman Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It dates back to the second century and is one of her earliest Marian titles of honor. The title Comforter of the afflicted is also used as an invocation in the Litany of Loreto.
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