Jale İnan

Last updated • 7 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Jale İnan
Buste von Jale Inan.JPG
Bust of Jale İnan at a public park in Kuşadası, Turkey
Born
Jale Oğan

Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Died26 February 2001(2001-02-26) (aged 87)
Istanbul, Turkey
NationalityTurkish
Occupation(s)Archaeologist, educator
Years active1943–2000
Known forFirst Turkish woman archaeologist, known for reuniting pieces of Weary Hercules .

Jale İnan (1 February 1914 – 26 February 2001) was a Turkish archaeologist, and she is considered to be the first Turkish woman to have been active in the discipline. She led excavations in Perga and Side which resulted in the expansion of the Antalya Museum. Her restoration work on the Temple of Apollo in Side was noted for its significance to Turkish heritage. Her scientific work on the "Weary Hercules" statue in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston formed the legal basis for return of the bust of the statue to the Antalya Museum to be reunited with the statue's base. The Antalya Women's Museum has an annual award in her honour which recognizes the woman of the year.

Contents

Early life

Jale Ogan [1] was born on 1 February 1914 in İstanbul [2] to Mesture Hanım and Aziz Ogan  [ tr ] as their second daughter [3] Her father was the curator and director of the İzmir Archeology Museum for many years and later became the director of the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. During the beginning decades of the Turkish Republic, he brought transformation to curatorial work in the country by systematically cataloguing the holdings and utilizing laboratories to scientifically restore objects and artifacts. He also opened galleries to the public expanding museum collections [4] and encouraged his daughter in her desire to study archaeology. After graduating from the Erenköy Girls High School in 1934, her father helped her secure a scholarship to study abroad, since there was no opportunity for her to continue studies in Turkey. [5]

Studying in Germany, with the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation scholarship, Ogan began her archaeological training in Berlin, [2] at the German Archaeological Institute. [6] The following year, she was awarded a scholarship to continue studying by the Turkish government. [2] Despite the war, Ogan was determined to complete her doctorate and though bombs regularly fell on the city, she took her thesis and notes into a bunker continuing to work. [5] Ogan graduated in 1943 after completing her doctoral thesis, Kunstgeschichtliche Untersuchung der Opferhandlung auf römischen Münzen (Examination of Art History in Sacrifice Rituals on Roman Coins), alongside Gerhart Rodenwaldt  [ de ]. [1]

Career

Ogan returned to Turkey in 1943 and became an assistant to Clemens Bosch  [ de ], Chair of Ancient History and Numismatics for the University of Istanbul. In 1944, she married Mustafa İnan, a civil engineer and instructor at the Istanbul Technical University, and the following year gave birth to their son, Hüseyin İnan. [1] She spent the next two years taking photographs of artifacts and organizing the archive at the university. [5] In 1946, she worked with Arif Müfid Mansel  [ tr ] to found a chair of classical archaeology at Istanbul University, [7] as previously the university had no independent archaeological department. [5] That same year, she began excavations with Mansel on the site at Perga working on the Temple of Artemis. [8] The following year, they began digs at Side, [9] initially working on the site of the Temple of Apollo, continuing their excavations until 1966. [8] During this period, in 1962, the conversion of one of the baths on the site into a museum was completed [10] under İnan's direction [11] and the Antalya Museum had to be expanded twice to house the findings. [12]

İnan began publishing articles in both German and Turkish on her studies of sculptures. The first was an evaluation of Roman portraits from the Anatolia region, Antalya bölgesi Roma devri portreleri: Römische Porträts aus dem Gebiet von Antalya (Roman portraits from the area of Antalya, 1965) and the following year she published Roman and Early Byzantine Portrait Sculpture in Asia Minor with Elisabeth Alföldi-Rosenbaum  [ de ]. [7] In 1967, İnan was put in charge of the excavations at Perga [8] and that same year, a large group of bronze statues appeared in the United States with a murky provenance, but with claims of possible origin in south-west Anatolia. İnan began working to try to verify the actual location of origin in 1973. [11] Unlike other finds in which the sites were known and misappropriated pieces later appeared in museums, the bronzes were unique in that the pieces appeared in a museum but their place of origin was unknown. [13]

From 1970 to 1972, İnan worked at a dig site in the ancient city of Cremna in the Pisidia region and then between 1972 and 1979 excavated at Seleucia along the Mediterranean coast north of Manavgat, uncovering the city agora, [14] as well as several baths and the temple structure. Dated to the Hellenistic period, the agora was constructed in the Ionic Order and contained decorations depicting the Seven Sages of Greece as well as mosaics. [15] She was appointed as a full professor at Istanbul University in 1974, [7] and upon Mansel's death, the following year was elevated to the head of the archaeology department. [11]

In 1980, while excavating at Perga, İnan uncovered the bottom half of a 2nd-century AD copy of Lysippos' "Weary Heracles". [16] Rumors at the dig had led them to a workman who was suspected of taking statuary, but no one suspected that the upper torso of the statue was stolen. The following year, the missing half surfaced in New York. [17] The bottom half of the statue was displayed at the Antalia Museum and the upper half was displayed at MFA, after their 1982 acquisition of the piece. [18] From 1981 to 1990, İnan led restoration work on the Temple of Apollo at Side, conserving a significant monument of Turkey's cultural heritage. [11] Though she retired from the university in 1983, [7] [14] İnan continued to work, beginning excavations again in Perga at the Theater in 1985 continuing her work there until 1992. [19]

In 1990, İnan uncovered the Sebasteion, or imperial cult temple, in a dig at Bubon, which she attributed as the place which had housed the bronze statues she had first heard of in 1967. Her findings were published in the book, [11] Boubon Sebasteionu ve heykelleri üzerine son araştırmalar in 1994. [13] The bronzes were said to have been brought to the Burdur Archaeological Museum with an unknown origin, but due to the unauthorized excavations reported at Bubon at that time and the similarities to artifacts found there, İnan began her investigation at that location. [20] From the looter's diary and examination of scattered pieces of arms, heads and torsos held in various collections worldwide, she confirmed that the building had inscriptions for fourteen statues. [21] Though her attribution of seven statues to the Bubon site gained wide acceptance in archaeological circles, the scattered nature of the pieces and the unauthorized excavation of the statues have raised doubts by other researchers. [22]

In 1990, a journalist, Özgen Acar, was attending an exhibition at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art and went to see the private collection of Shelby White and Leon Levy. He spotted the statue and thought that it looked familiar. After publishing photographs of the statue in the American art magazine Connoisseur , İnan did a photo stitching of the bust portion and agreed with Acar that the two pieces were of the same statue. [23] She was determined to retrieve the statue as part of Turkey's cultural heritage and made a plaster cast of the lower portion to prove that the two parts would fit together. [18] İnan, Engin Özgen, the General Director Monuments and Museums and students went to Boston with the cast to meet with experts and lawyers, but their results were rejected. At her own expense, İnan made a second trip, [23] with a plaster cast made by an American sculptor, which the Turkish government had hired, in 1992. [17] The second cast conclusively proved the two parts were of the same statue, [23] but the MFA continued to fight returning the piece to Turkey until 2011. [24]

Beginning in 1995, [19] İnan who had Parkinson's disease, [5] curtailed her field work and focused her work on publishing. Works produced in this period included Toroslar’da Bir Antik Kent: Lyrbe? Seleukeia? (1998) and Perge'nin Roma devri heykeltraşlığı 1 (2000), which catalogued the finds made in Perga from 1946 to 1992. [19]

Death and legacy

In 1989, in honor of İnan's 75th birthday, a book, Festschrift für Jale Inan, was published by colleagues and friends in honor of her lifelong accomplishments. [25] Prior to her death, on 26 February 2001, [5] İnan donated her books and compilations to the Antalya Museum. [19] In her honor, the Antalya Women's Museum established the Woman of the Year Award, given annually to recognize women who have contributed to Turkish culture and the development of women. [26] [27] İnan was also featured in the Google Doodle of 27 September 2022.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perga</span> Ancient Greek city

Perga or Perge was originally an ancient Lycian settlement that later became a Greek city in Pamphylia. It was the capital of the Roman province of Pamphylia Secunda, now located in Antalya Province on the southwestern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Today its ruins lie 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of Antalya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antalya</span> Metropolitan municipality in Mediterranean, Turkey

Antalya is the fifth-most populous city in Turkey as well as the capital of Antalya Province. It is seen as the "capital of tourism" in Turkey. Located on Anatolia's southwest coast bordered by the Taurus Mountains, Antalya is the largest Turkish city on the Mediterranean coast outside the Aegean region with over one million people in its metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Museums in Turkey</span> Museums based in the Republic of Turkey

Following the proclamation of the Republic, Turkish museums developed considerably, mainly due to the importance Atatürk had attached to the research and exhibition of artifacts of Anatolia. When the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed, there were only the İstanbul Archaeology Museum called the "Asar-ı Atika Müzesi", the Istanbul Military Museum housed in the St. Irene Church, the Islamic Museum in the Suleymaniye Complex in Istanbul and the smaller museums of the Ottoman Empire Museum in a few large cities of Anatolia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tahsin Özgüç</span>

Tahsin Özgüç (1916–2005) was an eminent Turkish field archaeologist. The careers of Tahsin Özgüç and his wife, Nimet Özgüç, began after World War II and lasted for nearly 60 years. He was said to be the doyen of Anatolian archaeology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Istanbul Archaeology Museums</span> Archaeology museum in Istanbul, Turkey

The Istanbul Archaeology Museums are a group of three archaeological museums located in the Eminönü quarter of Istanbul, Turkey, near Gülhane Park and Topkapı Palace.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iasos</span> Greek city in ancient Caria

Iasos or Iassos, also in Latinized form Iasus or Iassus, was a Greek city in ancient Caria located on the Gulf of Iasos, opposite the modern town of Güllük, Turkey. It was originally on an island, but is now connected to the mainland. It is located in the Milas district of Muğla Province, Turkey, near the Alevi village of Kıyıkışlacık, about 31 km from the center of Milas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antalya Museum</span> Archaeology musum in Konyaaltı, Turkey

The Antalya Museum or Antalya Archeological Museum is one of Turkey's largest museums, located in Konyaaltı, Antalya. It includes 13 exhibition halls and an open air gallery. It covers an area of 7,000 m2 (75,000 sq ft) and 5000 works of art are exhibited. In addition a further 25,000–30,000 artifacts which cannot be displayed are in storage. As a museum exhibiting examples of works, which illuminate the history of the Mediterranean and Pamphylia regions in Anatolia, Antalya Museum is one of the most important of Turkey's museums. The Museum won the “European Council Special Prize” in 1988.

Nurettin Yardımcı is a Turkish archaeologist and high-ranked bureaucrat who has served in the Ministry of Culture of Turkey and under the Prime Minister of Turkey. He has been leading the Harran excavation in Şanlıurfa, Turkey since 1983.

Balçiçek İlter, formerly also known as Balçiçek Pamir, is a Turkish journalist, columnist and television presenter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bubon (Lycia)</span> Human settlement in Turkey

Bubon or Boubon was a city of ancient Lycia noted by Stephanus of Byzantium; the ethnic name, he adds, ought to be Βουβώνιος, but it is Βουβωνεύς, for the Lycians rejoice in this form. The truth of this observation of Stephanus is proved by the inscription found on the spot: Βουβωνέων ἡ Βουλὴ καὶ ὁ Δῆμος.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aydın Archaeological Museum</span>

Aydın Archaeological Museum is in Aydın, western Turkey. Established in 1959, it contains numerous statues, tombs, columns and stone carvings from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods, unearthed in ancient cities such as Alinda, Alabanda, Amyzon, Harpasa, Magnesia on the Maeander, Mastaura, Myus, Nisa, Orthosia, Piginda, Pygela and Tralleis. The museum also has a section devoted to ancient coin finds.

Fatma Nezihe Araz was a Turkish writer and journalist. In addition to her 1959 best seller on the saints of Anatolia, she wrote several plays for television and the stage as well as three books about Atatürk.

Uluğ Bahadır Alkım was a Turkish archaeologist.

Ufuk Esin was a Turkish archaeologist known for pioneering archaeological science in Turkey and for her excavations at Aşıklı Höyük. She was a professor at Istanbul University from 1966 until her retirement in 2000 and was instrumental in founding the Turkish Academy of Sciences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nimet Özgüç</span> Turkish archaeologist

Nimet Özgüç was a Turkish archaeologist. In her era, she and her husband were the dominant Turkish academics and archaeologists. She was made an honorary member of the Turkish Academy of Sciences in 1996 and was awarded the Grand Prize of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2010 for her contributions to archaeology in the country.

Zehra Say was a Turkish painter and first Turkish woman to be officially married under the 1926 Civil Marriage law. She is known as one of the pioneering women of Atatürk's Turkey for her modern look on women's equality. As an artist she is known for her paintings of nature, flowers and fruits. Her great love of nature reflected in her paintings as she depicted Istanbul in a different light. Her work is described as an realistic interpretation of nature. She is the mother of painter Emel Say and grandmother of pianist Fazıl Say.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Turkish general election</span> 2023 general elections in Turkey

The 2023 Turkish general election is scheduled to take place on 18 June 2023. President Erdoğan signalled that the election might be held early on 14 May 2023, a reference to the 1950 election that ended Turkey's one party regime. Presidential elections are held to elect the President of Turkey using a two-round system. Simultaneously, parliamentary elections are held to elect 600 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Troy Museum</span> Archaeological museum in northwestern Turkey

The Troy Museum is an archaeological museum located close to the archaeological site of the ancient city of Troy, in northwestern Turkey.

Leyla Selen Uçer is a Turkish actress, best known for her role in the movie Ara and the play Bug.

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 Müller 2013, p. 163.
  2. 1 2 3 Başlgelen 2007, p. 116.
  3. ↑ Dirican 1998, p. 86.
  4. ↑ Savino 2015, p. 88.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Uysal 2001.
  6. ↑ Müller 2013, pp. 162–163.
  7. 1 2 3 4 İstanbul Üniversitesi 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 Alanyali 2014.
  9. ↑ Müller 2013, p. 165.
  10. ↑ Alkim 1964, p. 511.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Başlgelen 2007, p. 117.
  12. ↑ Aktüel Arkeoloji Dergisi 2014.
  13. 1 2 Haley 2000, p. 16.
  14. 1 2 Antalya Women Museum 2016.
  15. ↑ Türkiye Kültür Portalı 2013.
  16. ↑ Pope 1994.
  17. 1 2 Montalbano 1994, p. 3.
  18. 1 2 Öztürk 2011.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Başlgelen 2007, p. 121.
  20. ↑ Haley 2000, pp. 26–27.
  21. ↑ Haley 2000, p. 28.
  22. ↑ Haley 2000, p. 27.
  23. 1 2 3 Çalışkan 2014.
  24. ↑ Edgers 2011.
  25. ↑ Başlgelen 2007, p. 120.
  26. ↑ Dön 2015.
  27. ↑ Haberler 2016.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.