James Brochin

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Brochin ran for the Maryland Senate in the 9th district in 2002, seeking to unseat Republican state senator Andy Harris. He was redrawn into the 42nd district after the Maryland Court of Appeals issued a ruling redrawing the state's legislative maps. [4] Brochin engaged in a door-knocking campaign for nearly three years leading up to the election, [5] in which he defeated Republican state delegate Martha Scanlan Klima in the general election with 50.99 percent of the vote. [6]

Brochin ran for re-election to a second term in 2006, in which he defeated Republican challenger Douglas B. Riley. [7] He was reelected to a third term in 2010 after defeating Republican challenger Kevin Carney. [8]

During his 2014 re-election campaign, Brochin was challenged by former state delegate Connie DeJuliis, who ran as a progressive. That year, he claimed that Governor Martin O'Malley and Democratic leaders of the Maryland General Assembly had redrawn his district with the hopes that he would lose his re-election bid to a Republican, citing his vote for a bill introduced by former Republican Governor Bob Ehrlich to give the state control of Baltimore City schools. [9] In May 2014, DeJuliis's husband, state labor commissioner Ron DeJuliis, was charged with stealing Brochin's campaign signs. [10] After defeating DeJuliis in the Democratic primary election with 69.4 percent of the vote, [11] Brochin won reelection with 51.6 percent of the vote against Republican challenger Tim Robinson. [12]

Tenure

Brochin in 2009 Jim Brochin (2009).jpg
Brochin in 2009

Brochin was sworn into the Maryland Senate on January 8, 2003. [1] He has described himself as a centrist with socially liberal views, [9] while The Baltimore Sun has described him as an independent and conservative-leaning Democrat [13] and as one of the most conservative Democratic members of the Maryland Senate. [14] Brochin was a member of the Judicial Proceedings Committee from 2003 to 2004, afterwards serving on the Education, Health, and Environmental Affairs Committee until 2007, after which he returned to the Judicial Proceedings Committee for the remainder of his tenure. From 2016 to 2019, Brochin served as the chair of the Baltimore County Delegation. [1]

2018 Baltimore County Executive campaign

In November 2016, Brochin told The Baltimore Sun that he was considering a run for Baltimore County Executive in 2018. [15] He announced his candidacy on October 19, 2017, seeking to succeed Kevin Kamenetz, who was term limited. During the Democratic primary, he campaigned for increased funding for college and career readiness programs in schools, more treatment options for heroin addicts, and against what he called "development interests" in Baltimore County, prioritizing land preservation, smart redevelopment, and ethics reforms. [16] He also received endorsements from Attorney General Brian Frosh [13] and Comptroller Peter Franchot, [17] and outraised his Democratic opponents. [18]

Following Kamenetz's death in May 2018, Brochin said that he would reject any offers to serve out the remainder of Kamenetz's term and encouraged other candidates running for county executive to do the same. [19]

Brochin was defeated in the Democratic primary by Johnny Olszewski by nine votes, prompting him to request a recount [20] that expanded Olszewski's lead to 17 votes. [21] Following his defeat, Brochin endorsed Republican Governor Larry Hogan for re-election. [22]

Post-senatorial career

In November 2024, after Johnny Olszewski was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, Brochin applied to fill the remainder of Olszewski's term as Baltimore County Executive. [23] His candidacy was supported by Baltimore County State's Attorney Scott Shellenberger. [24] While campaigning for the seat, Brochin told members of the Baltimore County Council that he would cut the budgets of all county agencies, except for public safety and code enforcement, to address the county's incoming budgetary issues, and pledged not to increase county taxes. [25] He also pledged to expand the county's agreement 287(g) agreement with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, promising to seek the deportation of anyone convicted of a felony or serious misdemeanor while staying in the county illegally and citing the murder of Rachel Morin for his positions on immigration. [26]

Political positions

Crime and policing

Brochin has described himself as a "law and order legislator". [27] In April 2012, Brochin said that he would support reforms providing violent youth offenders with intensive counseling and therapy to deter juvenile crimes in Maryland, citing their success in Texas and Missouri. [28] During the 2015 legislative session, he introduced legislation to prevent people that commit crimes with firearms from receiving good behavior credits during their sentence. [29] In March 2016, Brochin voted for legislation that would redirect low-level drug offenders into treatment instead of prison, expand record expurgations for certain convictions, and reduce sentences for parole violators. [30]

Brochin supports the death penalty [31] and opposed Governor Martin O'Malley's bill to repeal it, worrying that prosecutors would lose a valuable "bargaining chip" when negotiating plea deals. [32] He also supported unsuccessful efforts to place a ballot initiative on the death penalty repeal on the 2014 general election ballot. [33] [34]

In December 2016, Brochin criticized the state's evidence retention system, which allowed for certain jurisdictions to destroy rape kits after one year while others had to keep kits indefinitely. [35] During the 2018 legislative session, Brochin introduced a bill that make it easier to convict repeat sexual offenders by allowing prosecutors to introduce evidence showing that they had a pattern of behavior. The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Larry Hogan. [36]

During an interview on WBAL-AM radio in 2021, Brochin suggested that Baltimore County residents should boycott Baltimore until it removed squeegee workers from major intersections. In response, Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott remarked, "Thank God the citizens of Baltimore County were smart enough to not elect a gaslighting racist like Jim Brochin", which Brochin responded to in a Baltimore Sun op-ed denying that his comments were racist. [37]

Development initiatives

In August 2011, Brochin suggested implementing a surcharge on eviction notices to help the Baltimore Housing Authority pay nearly $12 million in court-ordered judgments owed to former tenants. [38]

During the 2017 legislative session, Brochin introduced a bill that would prohibit county candidates from accepting campaign contributions with developers who apply for certain development or zoning approvals. [39] During his 2018 county executive campaign, he rallied against proposed developments in Towson, including the Towson Row project and apartments near Lake Roland Park, [40] and said that he opposed the HOME Act, which prohibits landlords from discriminating against potential tenants based on their source of income, saying instead that he would support legislation requiring developers to set aside a certain percentage of housing units for low or moderate income families. [41]

In 2021, Brochin helped pay for attorneys representing opponents of a proposed affordable housing project in east Towson. [42]

Education

During the 2011 legislative session, Brochin was one of a few Democrats to vote against the Maryland Dream Act, which extended in-state tuition to undocumented immigrants. [26] In May 2011, Brochin said he would sign Republican state delegate Neil Parrott's petition to place a ballot initiative repealing the Maryland Dream Act on the 2012 ballot. [43]

During the 2015 legislative session, Brochin introduced legislation that would prohibit Baltimore County Public Schools from turning magnet schools into neighborhood schools without the permission of the Baltimore County Delegation. [29] In 2016, he introduced a bill to make seat-belts mandatory on school buses. [44] In March 2018, Brochin was the only Democrat in the Maryland Senate to vote against a bill to strip the Maryland Board of Public Works of its oversight and management of the state's annual "beg-a-thon", in which school system leaders appear before the board to request additional school construction funding. [45]

Brochin also voted for a bill to provide low-income students with free tuition to Maryland community colleges. [46]

Environment

In January 2015, Brochin said he opposed a fracking proposal in western Maryland and introduced a bill to ban fracking in Maryland. [47] [48]

Gun control

From 2002 to 2012, Brochin accepted nearly $13,000 in campaign contributions from gun lobby organizations, including more than $2,000 from the National Rifle Association of America (NRA). [49] The NRA gave Brochin a "B" rating in 2002, followed by "A" ratings and endorsements for his reelection campaigns in 2006 and 2010, but an "F" rating in 2014. [50] During the 2009 legislative session, Brochin supported a bill that gave judges the authority to seize guns from people with protective orders. In 2013, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, he voted for the Firearms Safety Act, which banned assault weapons in Maryland. [40] Following the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, Brochin voted for a bill to ban bump stocks in Maryland. [50]

Israel

During his 2018 county executive campaign, Brochin said he supported Governor Larry Hogan's executive order prohibiting companies that support the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement from contracting with the state government. [51]

Marijuana

In March 2018, Brochin opposed the legalization of marijuana, but voted for a bill to decriminalize possessing less than an ounce of marijuana. [52]

During the 2017 legislative session, Brochin sought to weaken a paid sick leave bill through amendments reducing the number of sick days employees can receive and allowing the Maryland Department of Labor to provide hardship waivers to businesses that prove that the law would cause them harm. [53]

Redistricting

Brochin speaks at Governor Larry Hogan's press conference on a bill requiring Maryland to use an independent redistricting commission if other states agreed to do the same. Redistricting Press Conference - 34166914750.jpg
Brochin speaks at Governor Larry Hogan's press conference on a bill requiring Maryland to use an independent redistricting commission if other states agreed to do the same.

In May 2017, Brochin voted against a bill that would require Maryland use an independent redistricting commission to draw its legislative and congressional maps if New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina all agreed to do the same, and spoke at the press conference where Governor Larry Hogan vetoed this bill. [54] In July 2021, he co-founded Fair Maps Maryland, an anti-gerrymandering lobbying group, alongside former Republican Howard County Executive Allan Kittleman. [55] [56] Brochin criticized legislative leaders for forming their own redistricting commission to draw Maryland's congressional and legislative maps during the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, instead endorsing the redistricting commission appointed by Governor Larry Hogan. [57]

Social issues

During the 2007 legislative session, Brochin introduced legislation that would abolish the statute of limitations on child sexual abuse lawsuits. [58]

Brochin was a long-time opponent to same-sex marriage in Maryland, insisting on civil unions instead, [59] and initially said that he would vote against the Civil Marriage Protection Act in 2011, [60] but ended up voting for it after hearing same-sex marriage opponents describe members of the gay community as "pedophiles". [61] After the Civil Marriage Protection Act was reintroduced in 2012, he introduced an amendment that would grant same-sex couples the ability to get a civil union instead of a marriage, which was rejected by the Maryland Senate. [62] During the 2014 legislative session, Brochin voted against a bill to ban discrimination against transgender people, citing a hypothetical example of a trans woman waiting in the women's restroom to attack. [63]

In February 2016, Brochin voted against overriding Governor Larry Hogan's veto on a bill that would restore the voting rights of recently released felons. [64]

In March 2018, Brochin voted against a bill that would require presidential candidates to release their tax returns to appear on the ballot in Maryland. [65]

Taxes

Brochin opposed tax increases proposed by Governor Martin O'Malley. [9] During the 2015 legislative session, he introduced legislation to repeal Maryland's "Rain Tax" [66] and another bill to re-add a checkbox on state income tax return forms that would allow taxpayers to contribute to the Fair Campaign Financing Fund. [29]

Transportation

During the 2013 legislative session, Brochin introduced a bill that would prohibit the Maryland Transit Administration from audio-taping passenger conversations, which was killed by the Maryland Senate in a 23–22 vote. [67] In January 2014, following the publication of a secret audit that found that Baltimore speed cameras had likely charged motorists for thousands more erroneous tickets than previously disclosed, he introduced a bill that would require ombudsmen to hear complaints about erroneous tickets. [68] The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Martin O'Malley. [69] In March 2016, Brochin voted against a bill requiring the Maryland Department of Transportation to use a scoring system to determine which transportation projects it would prioritize. [70]

Personal life

Brochin has a daughter. [71] He moved to Towson, Maryland, in 2007, [72] but now lives in Cockeysville, Maryland. [16] He is Jewish. [51]

Electoral history

James Brochin
1jim brochin.jpg
Brochin in 2009
Member of the Maryland Senate
from the 42nd district
In office
January 8, 2003 –January 9, 2019
Maryland Senate District 42 Democratic primary election, 2002 [73]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic James Brochin 9,951 100.0
Maryland Senate District 42 election, 2002 [6]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic James Brochin 22,709 51.0
Republican Martha Scanlan Klima 21,78148.9
Write-in 450.1
Maryland Senate District 42 election, 2006 [74]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic James Brochin (incumbent) 24,588 56.3
Republican Douglas B. Riley19,08443.7
Write-in 300.1
Democratic hold
Maryland Senate District 42 election, 2010 [75]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic James Brochin (incumbent) 24,346 58.4
Republican Kevin Carney17,32041.5
Write-in 270.1
Maryland Senate District 42 election, 2014 [76]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic James Brochin (incumbent) 23,976 51.6
Republican Tim Robinson22,40948.3
Write-in 480.1
Democratic hold
Baltimore County Executive Democratic primary election, 2018 [77]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Johnny Olszewski 27,820 32.88
Democratic James Brochin27,80332.86
Democratic Vicki Almond26,84231.73
Democratic Kevin Francis Marron2,1362.52

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References

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  2. ↑ "Arnold Brochin, 79, owned company". The Baltimore Sun. March 30, 2002. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  3. ↑ Timberg, Robert (July 20, 1994). "Steinberg support plummets Glendening, Bentley solidify leads in poll". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  4. ↑ "Politicians search for new footing in redrawn districts". The Baltimore Sun. June 23, 2002. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  5. ↑ "Changes spice up legislative races". The Baltimore Sun. September 11, 2002. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  6. 1 2 "2002 Gubernatorial Election". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections. December 2, 2002. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  7. ↑ Barnhardt, Laura (November 8, 2006). "Sen. Brochin holds strong lead". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  8. ↑ Dresser, Michael (November 3, 2010). "GOP hopes dim for Assembly gains". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  9. 1 2 3 Broadwater, Luke (May 17, 2014). "Brochin, DeJuliis square off in redrawn north county district". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
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  11. ↑ "2014 Election Results". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections. December 2, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  12. ↑ Broadwater, Luke (November 15, 2014). "After Hogan victory, local governments look to cut taxes and fees". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  13. 1 2 Wood, Pamela (April 12, 2018). "In Baltimore County exec race, Almond and Brochin land key endorsements". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
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  15. ↑ Wood, Pamela (November 20, 2016). "Candidates already lining up for Baltimore County executive in 2018". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  16. 1 2 Wood, Pamela (October 19, 2017). "Jim Brochin joins race for Baltimore County executive". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  17. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (June 5, 2018). "Brochin Gets Top Dem Score on Business Group Report Card; 45 Republicans Perfect". Maryland Matters. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  18. ↑ Zorzi, William F. (May 23, 2018). "Get Your Baltimore County Executive Fundraising Totals Here!". Maryland Matters. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  19. ↑ Knezevich, Alison; Wood, Pamela (May 15, 2018). "Baltimore County Council chair says there will be no public hearings on replacing Kamenetz as executive". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  20. ↑ Wood, Pamela (July 7, 2018). "Jim Brochin to call for recount after 9-vote loss in primary for Baltimore County executive". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  21. ↑ Wood, Pamela (July 14, 2018). "Olszewski affirmed as winner of Democratic primary for Baltimore County executive". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  22. ↑ Wood, Pamela (August 10, 2018). "Hogan, Jealous vie for endorsements and votes in Baltimore County". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  23. ↑ Kobell, Rona (December 2, 2024). "Baltimore County Council releases names of county executive applicants". The Baltimore Banner. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
  24. ↑ Kobell, Rona (December 11, 2024). "Baltimore County residents want a new exec who is an insider — and an outsider". The Baltimore Banner. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
  25. ↑ Lee, John (December 17, 2024). "Baltimore County Council hears from those who want to be the next County Executive". WYPR. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
  26. 1 2 Kobell, Rona (December 23, 2024). "Brochin's tough talk on immigration falls flat with some council members". The Baltimore Banner. Retrieved December 23, 2024.
  27. ↑ Dresser, Michael (January 11, 2017). "Baltimore Sen. Lisa Gladden resigns from General Assembly". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  28. ↑ Dance, Scott (April 14, 2012). "Youth violence, staff force spiked in 2011 at troubled juvenile detention facilities". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  29. 1 2 3 Perl, Larry (January 21, 2015). "Brochin's priorities: magnet school oversight, stricter gun law". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  30. ↑ Wood, Pamela (March 24, 2016). "Criminal justice reform bill passes Maryland Senate, moves to House". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  31. ↑ Pitts, Jonathan M. (April 28, 2014). "Demise of death row inmate rekindles debate over capital punishment". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  32. ↑ Wagner, John (January 14, 2013). "O'Malley to announce sponsorship of death penalty repeal bill in Maryland". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  33. ↑ Wagner, John (May 3, 2013). "Group launches petition drive to overturn death penalty repeal in Maryland". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  34. ↑ Wagner, John (May 30, 2013). "Drive to overturn death penalty repeal in trouble, lawmaker acknowledges". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  35. ↑ Knezevich, Alison; Rentz, Catherine (December 9, 2016). "Maryland lawmakers call for uniform police standards on rape kits". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  36. ↑ Cox, Erin (May 8, 2018). "Maryland Gov. Hogan signs education, sexual assault and harassment bills pushed by Democrats". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  37. ↑ Rydell, John (December 9, 2021). "Baltimore Mayor Scott Reflects on One Year in Office". Maryland Matters. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  38. ↑ "Brochin floats idea of surcharge to pay housing authority lead paint judgments". The Baltimore Sun. August 18, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
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  40. 1 2 Wood, Pamela (May 18, 2018). "A look at Jim Brochin's radio ad in Baltimore County executive race". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  41. ↑ Wood, Pamela (May 2, 2018). "Affordable housing quota is increasing in Baltimore County. Will the next county executive keep the promise?". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  42. ↑ DeVille, Taylor (March 9, 2021). "Baltimore County judge clears Red Maple affordable housing development in East Towson". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  43. ↑ "Effort to repeal illegal-immigrant tuition breaks under way". The Baltimore Sun. May 3, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
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  45. ↑ Dance, Scott (March 29, 2018). "Maryland Senate passes school construction proposal that Gov. Hogan has promised to veto". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  46. ↑ Wood, Pamela (May 31, 2018). "In TV ad, Johnny Olszewski Jr. says he's 'the progressive Democrat' in Baltimore County executive race". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  47. ↑ Tilghman, Mary K. (January 21, 2015). "Freshman Del. Chris West takes his place in the General Assembly". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  48. ↑ Wheeler, Timothy B. (January 29, 2015). "Brochin pushes 'rain tax' repeal, fracking ban". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  49. ↑ Wood, Pamela (April 13, 2018). "Almond, Brochin trade barbs over fundraising in Baltimore County executive race". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  50. 1 2 Wood, Pamela (June 21, 2018). "Gun control dominates race for Baltimore County executive even as office lacks say over weapons". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  51. 1 2 Wood, Pamela (May 30, 2018). "Democrat and Republican Baltimore County executive hopefuls square off in Pikesville". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  52. ↑ Dance, Scott (March 19, 2018). "State Senate votes to let Marylanders possess more marijuana but prohibit smoking in cars". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  53. ↑ Wiggins, Ovetta (March 15, 2017). "Hogan: Sick-leave bills 'dead on arrival'". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  54. ↑ Broadwater, Luke (May 8, 2017). "Hogan vetoes redistricting bill, calling Maryland Democrats' measure 'phony'". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  55. ↑ Stole, Bryn (July 1, 2021). "New advocacy group takes aim at Maryland gerrymandering ahead of redistricting battle". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  56. ↑ Leckrone, Bennett (July 1, 2021). "Brochin, Kittleman Form Group to Endorse Redistricting Commission Maps". Maryland Matters. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  57. ↑ Stole, Bryn (July 8, 2021). "Top Maryland Democrats launch redistricting commission ahead of new election maps". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  58. ↑ Lazarick, Len (March 17, 2007). "Sex abuse victims can't wait to sue". Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  59. ↑ Smitherman, Laura (February 14, 2008). "Gay activists pin hope on a bishop". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  60. ↑ "Undeclared lawmakers to decide fate of gay marriage". The Baltimore Sun. February 7, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  61. ↑ "Maryland is on the cusp of legalizing same-sex marriage". The Washington Post. February 16, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  62. ↑ Linskey, Annie (February 21, 2012). "Gay marriage bill clears Senate panel, may go to floor Wednesday for debate". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  63. ↑ Cox, Erin (February 4, 2014). "Advocates in General Assembly push for transgender rights". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  64. ↑ Cox, Erin (February 9, 2016). "Released felons gain right to vote in Maryland after veto override". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  65. ↑ Dance, Scott (March 5, 2018). "Maryland Senate passes bill requiring presidential candidates to release tax returns". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  66. ↑ Johnson, Jenna (February 10, 2015). "Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan wants to kill the hated 'rain tax.' But can he?". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  67. ↑ Dresser, Michael (February 25, 2013). "Senate rejects bill barring MTA audio-taping". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  68. ↑ "Secret audit found city speed cameras had high error rates". The Baltimore Sun. January 22, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  69. ↑ Broadwater, Luke (April 3, 2014). "Speed camera reform bill passes General Assembly". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  70. ↑ Cox, Erin; Dresser, Michael (March 31, 2016). "Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan promises veto of transportation scoring bill". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  71. ↑ Cox, Erin; Dresser, Michael (June 23, 2014). "Candidates make final push for votes in Tuesday's primary election". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  72. ↑ Solomon, Libby (February 12, 2019). "'One big knit' — how East Towson, a neighborly African-American community, survived". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  73. ↑ "2002 Gubernatorial Election". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections. March 19, 2003. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  74. ↑ "Official 2006 Gubernatorial General Election results for Legislative District 42". Maryland State Board of Elections.
  75. ↑ "Official 2010 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections.
  76. ↑ "Official 2014 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections.
  77. ↑ "Official 2018 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for Baltimore County". Maryland State Board of Elections.
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