James Ogilvie of Cardell

Last updated

James Ogilvie of Cardell (died 1574) was a Scottish courtier, a master of household to Mary, Queen of Scots, his inheritance of Findlater Castle was disputed by John Gordon. [1] [2]

Contents

The ownership of Findlater Castle was disputed Findlater Castle Scotland.jpg
The ownership of Findlater Castle was disputed

Family and lands

Alexander Ogilvie and Elizabeth Gordon commissioned a "sacrament house" at Deskford Kirk Deskford Kirk - geograph.org.uk - 483491.jpg
Alexander Ogilvie and Elizabeth Gordon commissioned a "sacrament house" at Deskford Kirk

He was a son of Alexander Ogilvie (died 1554) of Findlater Castle and Janet Abernethy. Alexander Ogilvie served in the household of Mary of Guise in the 1540s. He and his second wife Elizabeth Gordon, Lady Findlater, [3] commissioned a carved stone sacrament house at Deskford and an unusual and lavish monument in Cullen Old Kirk. [4]

Cardell, according to William Fraser, also known as Pitcroy, included Cardell-moir, Cardell-beg, a mill, and fishing on the Spey located in Knockando parish. The property was held in feu by James Ogilvie from the Friars in Elgin from 1527 to 1539, when Friars gave it in feu to Alexander Grant instead. The lands are now known as Cardhu or Cardow, noted for a woolmill and a distillery. [5] However, a royal charter made to James Ogilvie in February 1535 indicates that the barony of "Cardale" included lands located in the southern area of Inverness such as Holm, Brodland (Borlum), Lochardil, and a castle mound. [6] These lands had belonged to Alexander Ogilvie of Farr and Cullard and his wife Margaret Dennet. [7] [8]

Alexander Ogilvie disinherited James Ogilvie in 1545 in favour of John Gordon, a son of George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly. [9] [10] On 28 September 1545, John Gordon obtained a royal charter permitting him to use the name and arms of Ogilvie, and confirming him as heir of Alexander Ogilvie and Elizabeth Gordon. [11] According to the English diplomat Thomas Randolph, James Ogilvie had seduced or traduced his stepmother Elizabeth Gordon, Lady Findlater, and imprisoned his father in a dark house and deprived him of sleep. Later, John Gordon married Lady Findlater to secure his property (the Privy Council called her "his pretended spouse"), [12] and then, according to Randolph, locked her in a "close room". [13]

John Gordon's brother, Alexander Gordon, had attempted to mediate in 1549. He wrote to Mary of Guise that John Gordon would agree the matter with James Ogilvie when he returned from France. [14] In 1551, apparently to eject John Gordon from his uncle's property, Alexander Irvine, Master of Drum, captured Findlater Castle and John Gordon, but was declared a traitor by Regent Arran's government. [15] James Ogilvie was in France in 1551. [16] John Gordon was confirmed as the landholder in December 1552. [17]

Mary of Guise, as Regent of Scotland, who had perceived the "evill" done to James by his father, [18] attempted to provide a settlement for this dispute on 21 May 1556. [19] In May 1560, when she was at Edinburgh Castle, Guise sent the "laird of Findlater" and the advocate Master John Spence of Condie to negotiate with the Lords of the Congregation and the English commanders at the siege of Leith. They met at the Justice Clerk's mill. [20]

Subsequently, in June 1562, James Ogilvie and John Gordon fought over their rights in court and on the High Street of Edinburgh. [21] James, Lord Ogilvie was wounded in the arm. [22] [23] The fight was noted by Thomas Randolph and John Knox. Gordon was briefly imprisoned in the tolbooth of Edinburgh, and Ogilvie was detained in the "over council house" with a kinsman James Ogilvie of Balfour. [24] [25] Mary, Queen of Scots, restored the inheritance to James Ogilvie in 1563, as the baronies of Deskford and Findlater. [26]

Royal household

Mary, Queen of Scots, is said to have held a meeting to reconcile the feuding families at Cullen Kirk. Cullen Auld Kirk - geograph.org.uk - 248931.jpg
Mary, Queen of Scots, is said to have held a meeting to reconcile the feuding families at Cullen Kirk.

James Ogilvie appears in the household rolls of Mary of Guise, in the years after the death of James V, as "the son of the laird of Findlater". Ogilvie witnessed a band of friendship made between the Earl of Huntly and William, Lord Saltoun, at Edinburgh on 27 March 1543. [27] In 1543, he made a band of friendship with Walter Ogilvie of Dunlugus, a kinsman included in Guise's household roll as "Watur Ogliby". Dunlugus signed the "Secret Bond" in July 1543 in opposition to the policy of Regent Arran, which led to Mary being taken from Linlithgow Palace to Stirling Castle. [28] James Ogilvie's second wife, Marion or Marjory Livingstone was also a member of Guise's household. [29]

Mary's return to Scotland

Mary, Queen of Scots, appointed Ogilvie as her steward on 9 October 1560 at Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. [30] On 12 January 1561, Mary sent him to Edinburgh with Simon Preston of Craigmillar, John Lumsden of Blanerne, and Robert Leslie of Ardersier with a commission to hold a parliament. [31] [32] She wanted the parliament to appoint a new comptroller and treasurer to collect her rents in advance of her return to Scotland. [33] The four commissioners arrived at Craigmillar Castle on 20 February and spoke with William Maitland of Lethington and went to Linlithgow on 23 February to speak to James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault and James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran. Thomas Randolph heard reports of the discussions about Queen Mary's return but was sceptical of what he heard and the commissioners' sincerity. [34] [35]

Master of household

Ogilvie served as a master of household to Queen Mary in 1562 and took receipt of 60 small English pewter plates. [36] The exchequer rolls mention a household book, recording daily expenses on food, countersigned by Ogilvie, Bartholomew de Villemore, and George Seton, 7th Lord Seton. Lord Seton was Mary's "first master household". The expenses for 12 months to November 1563 were £11,486 Scots. Ogilvie's annual fee as master of the household was £200. [37]

Mary's Scottish itinerary

At this time the household accounts were written in French, and the surviving material in the National Records of Scotland is known as the Despences de la Maison Royale. [38] The historian George Chalmers obtained a translation of the record including the dates and places visited, which he used to establish Mary's itinerary. He called his abstract "Ogilvie's diary" or "journal", which has led to some confusion. [39] [40] The account includes Mary's visit to Cullen and the Craig of Boyne (19 September 1562). [41] A full itinerary was published by David Hay Fleming in 1897, [42] using dates and placenames from the registers of the privy seal. [43] This was revised and updated in 1988 by Edward Furgol. [44]

Progress and campaign in 1562

James Ogilvie joined Mary in her progress to the north in 1562 and was at the siege of Inverness Castle. He signed the daily expense account known as the Despences. [45] The aim of the progress was in part to restore and secure his inheritance. [46] John Gordon, who was now called the "laird of Findlater", and had recently been knighted as "John Ogilvy of Deskford" at the wedding of the Earl of Moray and Annas Keith, [47] [48] refused to surrender Auchindoun Castle and Findlater Castle to James Ogilvie or Queen Mary. [49] Some later authors claim Mary held a meeting to reconcile the parties at Cullen Kirk, [50] possibly when she visited on 19 September 1562. [51] The meeting was said to have been at the altar of St Anne, meaning the south aisle of St Mary's Kirk. [52]

John Gordon defeated a detachment of the royal guard led by Captain Stewart near Findlater in October 1562 and took their weapons. Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie wrote that this incident happened at Banff. [53] [54] While Mary was at Aberdeen, the Earl of Huntly sent a messenger to offer the keys of Auchindoun and Findlater, but this gesture was rejected. [55]

John Gordon was captured at the battle of Corrichie and executed at Aberdeen on 3 November. John Lesley wrote that Mary shed tears at the news of the death of the Earl of Huntly, and her grief was increased at the execution of John Gordon. [56] Robert Gordon of Gordonstoun wrote that Mary pleaded with the Earl of Moray that he should be saved. He had been a favourite, even rumoured as a possible husband for Queen Mary. [57] According to the Historie of the Reigne of Marie Queen of Scots, John Gordon's mother, Elizabeth Keith, Countess of Huntly, "a wittie woman", had tried to bring up the subject of this royal marriage with Queen Mary at Aberdeen, before the battle of Corrichie. [58] The poet Pierre de Bocosel de Chastelard mentioned Mary's affection for John Gordon. [59]

An inheritance restored

James Ogilvie got a charter for the lands in January 1563, [60] [61] but Adam Gordon of Auchindoun attempted to claim the estates. By an arbitration in July 1564, Elizabeth Gordon was allowed a liferent interest in Auchindoun Castle and other properties including fishing boats in Cullen. [62] Queen Mary backed James Ogilvie's rights again at an arbitration on 22 March 1567, [63] [64] [65] and had his ownership ratified in Parliament on 18 April 1567. [66]

On 8 May 1568, James Ogilvie signed a band made at Hamilton in support of Queen Mary after her escape from Lochleven Castle. He signed as "Findlater". [67]

Jean Gordon and William Mackintosh

William Mackintosh was imprisoned and executed at Huntly Castle. 2006 Autumn (4000842242).jpg
William Mackintosh was imprisoned and executed at Huntly Castle.

The connections of the Ogilvies to the Clan Mackintosh are mentioned in John Lesley's History of Scotland and a Latin manuscript, De Origine et Incremento Makintoshiorum Epitome collected by Walter MacFarlane. [69]

By 1527, James Ogilvie of Cardell married Jonet or Jean Gordon, a daughter of Alexander Gordon of Lochinvar and Janet Kennedy, and widow of Lachlan Mackintosh. [70] She was a half-sister of James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (1501 creation). [71] After Lachlan Mackintosh was assassinated in March 1524 (at a hunting seat at "Breravock" or Brae of Revack, south of Grantown-on-Spey), Jean and Lachlan's son William Mackintosh was brought up for a time at Findlater Castle in the Ogilvie family. [72]

Hector Mackintosh resented this fostering of William Mackintosh, and raided the lands of the Earl of Moray in 1531 killing 24 Ogilvies at the House of Pettie or Halhill, which was sited near the later Castle Stuart. [73] John Lesley describes the Earl of Moray, after obtaining royal authority from James V, hanging numbers of the Clan Mackintosh while trying to discover Hector's hiding place. Hector's brother's head was displayed on a stake in Dyke. James V was inclined to pardon Hector, but he was murdered in St Andrews by James Spens. [74]

According to some accounts, William Mackintosh married James Ogilvie's sister Margaret. [75] James V had given the rights of William's marriage as a ward to Elizabeth Campbell, Countess of Moray in June 1538. [76]

After working for the Earl of Huntly for some years, following disagreements, William Mackintosh was imprisoned at Huntly Castle and at a trial in Aberdeen convicted of treason (as the Earl was the Queen's lieutenant in the north). Mackintosh was brought back to Huntly and beheaded in August 1550 at the order of Elizabeth Keith, Countess of Huntly. [77] [78] [79] His widow, Margaret Ogilvie, according to some accounts, then married Robert Mor Munro. [80] According to John Lesley, the Clan Chattan took revenge on Lachlan Mackintosh (a son of one of those who murdered William's father in 1524) believing him the cause of William's downfall. [81]

Marjory Livingstone, Lady Findlater

Inaltry Castle, near Deskford Remains of ruined Castle, Inaltry - geograph.org.uk - 121630.jpg
Inaltry Castle, near Deskford

James Ogilvie married secondly, in 1558, Marion or Marjory Livingstone, a sister of William Livingstone, 6th Lord Livingston and the courtiers Mary Livingston and Magdalen Livingstone. [82] Ogilvie calls his wife Marjory in his will. [83] She had been a gentlewoman or maid of honour in the household of Mary of Guise, listed as a "damoiselle", and receiving in February 1553 with her companions Barbara Sandilands and Annabell Murray a gown of "tanny" damask. His kinsman and ally, James Ogilvie of Balfour, married Margaret Stewart in 1554, who was also a member of Guise's household. [84]

He had a son, Alexander, who was the father of Walter Ogilvie, 1st Lord Ogilvie of Deskford (died 1626). [85] Marjory Livingstone died at Inaultrie in February 1577. Her will was witnessed by John Pilmour, reader at Deskford. She owned a pair of gold garnishings "back and foir" to wear on a French hood, with bracelets, and two gold chains, great and small, 100 gold buttons and 144 gold horn fasteners or points. At the time of her death she owed Mary Beaton, the Lady of Boyne, £20 Scots. Marjory Livingston left her best gowns and a pair of sleeves of purple silk to her sister Helen's daughter Jane Wedderspoone. The gold garnishing and a gold tablet locket was bequeathed to Magdalen Livingstone. Marjorie left a length of velvet for a saddle to her sister Lady Plane, and a velvet gown, a satin skirt, and a pair of sleeves to her sister Janet, Lady Airth. She wished to buried in the kirk of Cullen beside her husband. [86]

In fiction

Mrs Hubert Barclay (Edith Nöel Barclay) wrote a fictional account of Mary's reign, The Queen's Cause: Scottish Narrative, 1561–1587 (1938), narrated by Margaret, Lady of Gartley, a sister of James Ogilvie of Cardell. She suggests that James was disinherited in 1545 for religious differences as he was a Protestant. [87]

References

  1. Jennifer Morag Henderson, Daughters of the North: Jean Gordon and Mary, Queen of Scots (Whittles, 2025), pp. 32–42: William Fraser, Sutherland Book, 1, pp. 103–104.
  2. George Anderson Clarke, Deskford Parish : loons, lairds, preachers & teachers (Aberdeen, 1993), p. 17.
  3. Register of the Great Seal, 3, pp. 578 no. 2519, 728 no. 3104.
  4. Lizzie Swarbrick, "Patronage of the Collegiate Church at Cullen", Jane Geddes, Medieval Art, Architecture and Archaeology in the Dioceses of Aberdeen and Moray (Routledge, 2016), pp. 132–135.
  5. William Fraser, The Chiefs of Grant, 1 (Edinburgh, 1883), p. 206.
  6. Register of the Great Seal, 1513–1546 (Edinburgh, 1883), p. 320 no. 1448.
  7. M. Livingstone, Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1908), pp. 226 no. 1563.
  8. Michelle Beer, Queenship at the Renaissance Courts of Britain: Catherine of Aragon and Margaret Tudor (Woodbridge, 2018), p. 108.
  9. Anne L. Forbes, Trials and triumphs : the Gordons of Huntly in sixteenth-century Scotland (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2012), pp. 12–15.
  10. Scots Peerage, 4 (Edinburgh: David Douglas), p. 21.
  11. Register of the Great Seal, 3, pp. 741–742 no. 3157.
  12. John Hill Burton, Register of the Privy Council, 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), p. 219.
  13. Records of Aboyne (Aberdeen: New Spalding Club, 1894), pp. 460–461: Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 655–656 no. 1141.
  14. Annie Cameron, Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine (Edinburgh: SHS, 1927), pp. 311–312.
  15. Donald M. Mackintosh, Irvines of Drum (Southern, 1998), p. 111: Register of the Privy Seal, 1548–1546, p. 251 no. 1550.
  16. Pamela E. Ritchie, Mary of Guise (Tuckwell, 2002), p. 265 noting a payment to "James Ogilvie".
  17. Register of the Privy Seal, 1548–1546, p. 294 no. 1817.
  18. Register of the Privy Seal, 1556–1565, part 1, p. 437 no. 1470.
  19. Scots Peerage, 4 (Edinburgh: David Douglas), p. 23 citing 'Acts and Decreets', i, 80.
  20. Rosalind K. Marshall, Mary of Guise (Collins, 1977), pp. 255–256.
  21. Agnes Strickland, Lives of the Queens of Scotland, p. 284.
  22. John Hill Burton, Register of the Privy Council, 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), p. 218.
  23. Retha Warnicke, Mary Queen of Scots (Routledge, 2006), p. 82.
  24. John Parker Lawson, History of the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland by Robert Keith, 2 (Edinburgh, 1845), p. 156.
  25. Extracts from the burgh records of Edinburgh, 3 (Edinburgh, 1875), pp. 138–139.
  26. John Mackintosh, Historic Earls and Earldoms of Scotland (Aberdeen: Jolly, 1998), pp. 310–311.
  27. "The Gordon Papers", Miscellany of the Spalding Club, 4 (Aberdeen, 1849), pp. 206–207.
  28. Jenny Wormald, "The Sandlaw Dispute, 1546", Wendy Davies and Paul Fouracre, The Settlement of Disputes in Early Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1986), p. 197: Letters and Papers Henry VIII, 18:1 (London, 1901), no. 945: Cavendish D. Abercromby, Family of Abercromby (William Smith, 1927), p. 21: Hamilton Papers, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1890), p. 630 no. 446: Scots Peerage, 2 (Edinburgh, 1095), p. 8.
  29. Marguerite Wood, Balcarres Papers, 2 (Edinburgh: SHS, 1925), p. 314, "Margere Leviston", National Records of Scotland E34/23 (1) and (3), "Le filz du sr de Feneter".
  30. HMC 3rd Report: Seafield (London, 1872), p. 404
  31. Diurnal of Occurrents (Edinburgh, 1833), p. 282.
  32. Alexandre Labanoff, Lettres de Marie Stuart, 1 (London: Dolman, 1844), pp. 80–88.
  33. Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 506–507 nos. 949, 950, 514 no. 959.
  34. Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 518–521 no. 964.
  35. Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 655 no. 1141.
  36. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, 11 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. 109.
  37. George Powell McNeill, Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, 19 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 233–234, 253, 337, 379–380.
  38. National Records of Scotland, 'Despences de la Maison Royale' E33.
  39. George Chalmers, The Life of Mary Queen of Scots, Drawn from the State Papers, 1 (London: John Murray, 1818), p. 81.
  40. Thomas Finlayson Henderson, Mary, Queen of Scots: Her Environment and Tragedy, 1 (London, 1905), p. 327.
  41. Alistair Tayler, "Ogilvies of Boyne", Banffshire Field Club Transactions, 12 (1933), p. 22.
  42. David Hay Fleming, Mary Queen of Scots (London, 1897), pp. 515–543.
  43. W. Croft Dickinson, "Register of the Privy Seal", Scottish Historical Review, 33:145 Part 1 (1958), pp. 54–56.
  44. Edward Furgol, 'The Scottish itinerary of Mary Queen of Scots, 1542–8 and 1561-8', PSAS, 117 (1988), microfiche supplement
  45. W. A. Gatherer, "Queen Mary's Journey from Aberdeen to Inverness, 1562", The Scottish Historical Review, 33:115, Part 1 (April 1954), pp. 19-21.
  46. John Mackintosh, Historic Earls and Earldoms of Scotland (Aberdeen: Jolly, 1898), p. 311.
  47. Anne L. Forbes, Trials and triumphs : the Gordons of Huntly in sixteenth-century Scotland (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2012), pp. 18, 21.
  48. Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 651 no. 1138: Antiquities of Aberdeen and Banff, 2 (Spalding Club, 1847), p. 100.
  49. John Hill Burton, Register of the Privy Council, 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), pp. 218–219: Accounts of the Treasurer, 11 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. 202.
  50. HMC 3rd Report: Seafield (London, 1872), p. 404: Charles Cordiner, Remarkable Ruins and Romantic Prospects (London, 1788), under "Castle of Auchindown".
  51. Edward Furgol, 'The Scottish itinerary of Mary Queen of Scots, 1542–8 and 1561-8', PSAS, 117 (1998), microfiche
  52. Andrew Jervise, "Notices regarding the antiquities of Cullen", PSAS, 9 (1871), p. 280.
  53. History of the Kirk of Scotland by David Calderwood, 2, p. 197: Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 660 no. 1147.
  54. Anne L. Forbes, Trials and triumphs : the Gordons of Huntly in sixteenth-century Scotland (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2012), p. 28.
  55. Jennifer Morag Henderson, Daughters of the North: Jean Gordon and Mary, Queen of Scots (Whittles, 2025), p. 42.
  56. William Forbes-Leith, Narratives of Scottish Catholics under Mary Stuart and James VI (Edinburgh: Paterson, 1885), p. 90.
  57. Robert Gordon, Genealogy of the Earls of Sutherland (Edinburgh, 1819), pp. 140–141.
  58. Historical memoirs of the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots (Edinburgh, 1836), p. 64.
  59. Retha M. Warnicke, Mary Queen of Scots (Routledge, 2006), p. 82.
  60. Register of the Privy Seal, 1556–1565, part 1, p. 321 no. 1210.
  61. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, 11 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. 140.
  62. Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland, 5:2 (Edinburgh, 1957), po. 153–154 no. 2913.
  63. John Mackintosh, Historic Earls and Earldoms of Scotland (Aberdeen: Jolly, 1898), p. 311: Malcolm Laing, History of Scotland, 2 (Edinburgh, 1819), p. 103.
  64. Anne L. Forbes, Trials and triumphs : the Gordons of Huntly in sixteenth-century Scotland (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2012), p. 35.
  65. Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland, 5:2 (Edinburgh, 1957), pp. 359–361 no. 3462.
  66. Antiquities of Aberdeen and Banff, 2 (Spalding Club, 1847), pp. 99–100.
  67. Calendar State Papers Scotland, 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 403 no. 650.
  68. E. G. Cody, Historie of Scotland by John Leslie, 2 (Edinburgh, 1895), p. 334.
  69. James Toshach Clark, Genealogical collections concerning families in Scotland by Walter MacFarlane, 1 (Edinburgh: SHS, 1900), p. 158.
  70. Alexander Mackintosh, Historical Memoirs of the House and Clan of Mackintosh and of the Clan Chattan (London: Clay and Taylor), pp. 179, 188.
  71. Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1913), p. 4: Register of the Great Seal, 3, p. 320 no. 1448.
  72. James Toshach Clark, Genealogical collections concerning families in Scotland by Walter MacFarlane, 1 (Edinburgh: SHS, 1900), pp. 212–214, 217, 223.
  73. Lachlan Shaw, The History of the Province of Moray, 2 (Glasgow, 1882), pp. 318–319: Alexander Mackintosh, Historical memoirs of the house and clan of Mackintosh and of the clan Chattan (London: Clay and Taylor, 1880), p. 192.
  74. E. G. Cody, Historie of Scotland by John Leslie, 2 (Edinburgh, 1895), pp. 211–214.
  75. Alexander Mackintosh, Historical memoirs of the house and clan of Mackintosh and of the clan Chattan (London: Clay and Taylor, 1880), p. 219.
  76. David Hay Fleming, Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland, 1529–1542, 2 (Edinburgh, 1921), pp. 388–389 no. 2593.
  77. Alison Cathcart, Kinship and Clientage: Highland Clanship 1451–1609 (Brill, 2006), pp. 185–187.
  78. James Toshach Clark, Genealogical collections concerning families in Scotland by Walter MacFarlane, 1 (Edinburgh: SHS, 1900), pp. 228–231.
  79. Pamela E. Ritchie, Mary of Guise (Tuckwell, 2002), p. 66 fn. 25.
  80. James Toshach Clark, Genealogical collections concerning families in Scotland by Walter MacFarlane, 1 (Edinburgh: SHS, 1900), pp. 38, 213, 238.
  81. E. G. Cody, Historie of Scotland by John Leslie, 2 (Edinburgh, 1895), pp. 334–335.
  82. Scots Peerage, 4 (Edinburgh: David Douglas), p. 25.
  83. HMC 14th Report, Part III: Seafield (London, 1894), p. 233.
  84. Marguerite Wood, Balcarres Papers, 2 (Edinburgh: SHS, 1925), p. 314: National Records of Scotland E34/19.
  85. John Mackintosh, Historic Earls and Earldoms of Scotland (Aberdeen: Jolly, 1998), p. 311.
  86. Scots Peerage, 4, p. 25: National Records of Scotland CC8/8/6 pp. 203–206.
  87. Mrs Hubert Barclay (E. Nöel Barclay), The Queen's Cause: Scottish Narrative, 1581–1587 (London: Michael Joseph, 1938), p. 53.