Clan Chattan

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Clan Chattan
Clan member crest badge Clan Chattan ver 2.jpg
Profile
Region Highland
District Inverness
Chief
Captain of Clan Chattan arms.svg
John Mackintosh of Mackintosh(according to the most recent Clan Mackintosh history).
Historic seat Tor Castle in Lochaber
Septs of Clan Chattan

Clan Chattan (Scottish Gaelic : Na Catanaich or Scottish Gaelic : Clann Chatain) [4] is a unique confederation of Highland clans. [5] The clan is distinctive in highland clan history in that it was acknowledged to be a community or confederation, [6] of twelve separate Scottish clans, [7] who each had their own clan chief recognized under Scottish law, but who were united under and bound to a superior chief of the confederation for mutual solidarity, sustenance and protection in the Middle Ages and early modern period in the Scottish Highlands.

Contents

Origins

There are multiple theories about the true origins of this clan:

In the time of Malcolm II of Scotland the Clan Chattan possessed the lands of Glen Loy and Loch Arkaig. [5] It was here that Tor Castle became the clan chief's seat. [5] Not much is certain about the history of the clan until towards the end of the 13th century. [5] Eva, daughter of Gilpatric or Dougal Dall, 6th chief of Clan Chattan in Lochaber, married Angus Mackintosh, 6th chief of Clan Mackintosh, in 1291. [5] Thus Angus Mackintosh became 7th chief of Clan Chattan. [9] They lived together at Tor Castle before withdrawing to Rothiemurchus due to the enmity of Aonghus Óg of Islay, chief of Clan Donald. [5] As a result, the lands at Arkaig were occupied by Clan Cameron who claimed that they had been abandoned. [5] This was the beginning of a long and bitter feud that was fought between the Clan Chattan and Clan Cameron until 1666. [5]

Another reason for the migration is explained in MacPherson clan traditions in that in 1309 Robert the Bruce offered the lands of Badenoch to them if they destroyed the Bruce's enemies, the Clan Comyn. [10]

The earliest official document which recognises the Clan Chattan is dated 1467; but Bower, writing about 1440, speaks of Clan Chatan in 1429. Bellenden, in his translation of Boece, about 1525, is the first who talks of the clan having been at the Inches in Perth in 1396, and this probably owing to a misprint in the original, of Clan Quhete for Quhele'. He calls it Quhattan. [11]

Clans belonging to Clan Chattan Federation


Prior to the 14th century, the Clan Chattan was a conventional Scottish clan. [5] However it evolved into an alliance or confederation of clans which was made up of:

The Skene assumption

Skene, however, gives a different version of how Clan Chattan was formed prior to the Mackintosh alliance. [19] Clan Vuirich (Clan MacPherson) and Clan Day (Clan Davidson) were the original co-founders and referred to as old Clan Chattan. [19] Added to these were six "stranger septs" who took protection from the clan. [19] These were Clan Vic Ghillevray (Clan MacGillivray), the Clan Vean (Clan MacBean), the Clan Vic Govies, the Clan Tarrel, the Clan Cheanduy, and the Sliochd Gowchruim or Smiths. [19]

However, Skene's phrase about 'stranger septs' and the names linked to them is not supported by any of the works of the respected Clan Chattan historians, [20] [21] [22] [23] and may therefore be a historical error by Skene, whose shortcomings have been noted by later writers - one of Skene's harshest critics was the Scottish philologist Alexander MacBain.

Sir Æneas Mackintosh/Charles-Fraser Mackintosh assumption

Noted historian of Clan Chattan, Charles Fraser-Mackintosh, in his 'An Account of the Confederation of Clan Chattan; its kith and kin' (the work known as 'Minor Septs of Clan Chattan') publishes the list of 16 associated tribes of Clan Chattan, along with an associated date reference, as written down by Sir Æneas Mackintosh. It begins with The Clan vic Gillivray, 1271. The second clan is The Clan Wurrich (Macpherson), 1291 and the third is The Clan Vean (Macbeans), 1292; then the fourth is The Clan Day (Davidsons), 1350. Others follow including (No.9) The Clan Tearlich (Macleans of the North), 1400, (No.10) The Clan Revan (Macqueens), 1400 and (No.14) The Clan Phail (Macphails), 1500. [24]

In his 'The Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan' (1903), A. M. Mackintosh arranges his chapters to provide a history of Clan Chattan, its chiefs and its Mackintosh branches, then in Chapter XV details the 'Tribes and Families of Clan Chattan other than the Mackintoshes of Inverness-shire'.

The Members Today

Today, the Clan Chattan Association, which is based in Scotland with members across the world, comprises the following principal clans: [25]

Members of Clan Chattan throughout the federation lands. Note: Clan boundaries were known to change constantly and were not static. This is a general map of Clan Chattan lands at their greatest extent. This map also does not include any temporary Mackintosh lands in the Lochaber district. Members of Clan Chattan v2.jpg
Members of Clan Chattan throughout the federation lands. Note: Clan boundaries were known to change constantly and were not static. This is a general map of Clan Chattan lands at their greatest extent. This map also does not include any temporary Mackintosh lands in the Lochaber district.

Chiefs

Tree showing the shared ancestry of the related chiefs of the Clan Chattan. (click to enlarge). Clan Chattan Tree (corrected).jpg
Tree showing the shared ancestry of the related chiefs of the Clan Chattan. (click to enlarge).

Old Chattan Chiefs

The following is a list of the traditional chiefs of the Clan Chattan before marriage between Eva, heiress of Clan Chattan, with the Chief of Clan Mackintosh, through whose marriage a new line of Mackintosh Captains (Chiefs) of Clan Chattan was created : [9] See: Chiefs of Clan Mackintosh for later chiefs of Clan Chattan. In 1942, the Lyon Court separated the leadership of Clan MacKintosh and Clan Chattan. The leadership of Clan Chattan passed to the Mackintosh of Torcastle line.

No.Name
6Dougal or Gilpatric, his daughter married Angus Mackintosh, 6th chief of Clan Mackintosh, thus Mackintosh became 7th chief of Clan Chattan.
5Gillicattan
4Muirach Macpherson, grandfather of the 3 branches of Clan Macpherson
3Gillicattan
2Diarmid
1Gillcarten Mor, first known chief of Clan Chattan.

The Chattan Federation Chiefs

The Chief of Clan Mackintosh had been at the same time Captain of Clan Chattan, until the death of Alfred Donald Mackintosh of Mackintosh CBE, who chose as his heir to the Mackintosh inheritance Rear-Admiral Lachlan Donald Makintosh CB DSO DSC. The omission of a stipulation in Alfred's will, concerning inheritance of the captaincy of Clan Chattan, led The Lord Lyon of the day to create the historic separation of the two titles. Lachlan became The Mackintosh of Mackintosh, and his cousin Duncan Alexander Eliott Mackintosh became Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle, and Head of the hail kin of Clan Chattan. [26]

Duncan Alexander Eliott Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle was born on 1 December 1884 and died on 29 May 1966. He married Ellen Primrose Smith and they had three sons and two daughters. He was succeeded by his eldest son and second child, Kenneth Mackintosh, born 23 November 1916, who became the 32nd Chief of Clan Chattan. He married Margaret Farmer and had two children. According to Burke's Peerage, his heir was their eldest son Duncan Alexander John Mackintosh, born in 1946. However, a genealogy published in an updated history of the Clan Mackintosh noted that Duncan died young, and that his younger brother Malcolm Mackintosh (born 20 October 1950) succeeded their father, who died in 1976, as 33rd Chief of Clan Chattan, becoming styled as Malcolm Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle and Clan Chattan. [27] [28]

Battles, Skirmishes and Raids

Clan Chattan as a whole or as individual clans were involved in the following events:

Attempts at breaking the unity of Clan Chattan

Throughout the 16th Century, Clan Chattan was caught up in the machinations of the Earls of Mar, Moray and Huntly, particularly George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, mainly to use parts of the clan in their respective earldoms in disputes between themselves. This lead to external attempts to divide the various tribes of Clan Chattan by undermining known internal disputes. [47] [48]

Confederation Agreements

The list below shows some of the more important agreements of the Confederation in terms of Bonds of union, friendship, maintenance and manrent.

1397 Bond Of Union

The Chattan Federation‟s first bond may have been created in 1397 after the Battle of the North Inch, but it only lasted 14 years until 1411 when Clan MacPherson decided to take a different stand than the rest of the Chattan Confederation in regional politics. [49]

1609 Bond of Union

The Chattan Federation came together again at Termit about five miles from Inverness in 1609 to sign a new Band. [50]

2009 Bond of Union

To celebrate the 400th anniversary of the 1609 Clan Chattan Bond of Union, a new Band of Union was signed in 2009 to renew the clans historic connection. [51] [52]

Other Bonds

Clan Association

The activities of the Clan are carried on by the Clan Chattan Association, a descendant of the original association established in 1727 for the purpose of defending the interests of the clan "against all who would seek the injury of any of its subscribers". [59]

In the nineteenth century, many clan societies and associations emerged, with the aim of promoting social interaction between people linked by a common name, and interest in their clan's history. Among these was the second Clan Chattan Association, founded in Glasgow in 1893. Initial support for the association was strong with the meetings, lectures and dances described as "a brilliant success", but it faded out by about 1900. Even so, clan historians of that period produced several works which are still used today. [59]

In the summer of 1933, the third Clan Chattan Association was founded in London. Now based in Scotland, the association has worldwide membership. It organizes a number of activities, such as the annual events in early August at Moy Hall in conjunction with the Highland Field Sports Fair. Members are kept informed of events through the annual journal of the association. [59]

Panorama South from Chattan Clan monument to Sarah Justina Macpherson of Cluny at Creag Dhubh, Laggan, Scotland Panorama South from Chattan Clan monument at Craig Dhu, Laggan, Scotland.jpg
Panorama South from Chattan Clan monument to Sarah Justina Macpherson of Cluny at Creag Dhubh, Laggan, Scotland

Modern Council of Clan Chattan

Portrait of Cluny MacPherson, circa 1873 Cluny MacPherson chief of the Clan Chattan by John Frederick Tayler.jpg
Portrait of Cluny MacPherson, circa 1873

The council of Clan Chattan comprises eight Chiefs, who represent all of the individual clans, as President and Vice Presidents: [60]

Of the remaining clans of Clan Chattan:

Clan profile

Red Whortleberry: plant badge of Clan Chattan. Vaccinium vitis-idaea 20060824 003.jpg
Red Whortleberry: plant badge of Clan Chattan.

Tartan

The individual Clans of Clan Chattan have their own tartans. However, there is also a specific Clan Chattan tartan, formerly known as Mackintosh Chief, recognised by The Lord Lyon in 1938. [65]

Clan Chattan tartan Clan Chattan tartan.jpg
Clan Chattan tartan

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clan MacBean</span> Highland Scottish clan

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clan MacGillivray</span> Highland Scottish clan

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References

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  18. ↑ Historical Memoirs, House and Clan of Mackintosh and the Clan Chattan, Mackintosh-Shaw A ,H. Clay, Sons, and Taylor, London 1880
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  21. ↑ Mackintosh-Shaw, Alexander (1880). "I: The Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan". Historical Memoirs of the House and Clan of Mackintosh and of the Clan Chattan. London: printed for the author by R. Clay, sons, and Taylor. pp.  6–11. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  22. ↑ Margaret Mackintosh of Mackintosh: 'The History of The Clan Mackintosh and the Clan Chattan. 1st Edition by W. & A. K. Johnston, 1948; 2nd edition by Macdonald Publishers 1982. 3rd and revised edition (edited by Celia Mackintosh of Mackintosh) by The Pentland Press, 1997
  23. ↑ Lachlan Mackintosh of Kinrara: A Chronicle of the Family of Mackintosh to the Year 1680. MS, Latin. An edition published in 2009 by The Clan Chattan Association, edited by Jean Munro PhD
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  25. ↑ Home Page Clan Chattan Association. Archived from the original on 09 November 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
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  29. ↑ https://www.theclanshaw.org/summary.html
  30. ↑ Historical Memoirs, House and Clan of Mackintosh and the Clan Chattan, Mackintosh-Shaw A ,H. Clay, Sons, and Taylor, London 1880
  31. ↑ https://www.theclanshaw.org/summary.html
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  33. ↑ Roberts, J. L. (1999). Feuds, forays and rebellions: History of the Highland clans 1475 - 1625. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
  34. ↑ Macpherson, A. (1902). The loyal dissuasive and other papers concerning the affairs of Clan Chattan. Edinburgh: Scottish History Society.
  35. ↑ Macpherson, A. (1902). The loyal dissuasive and other papers concerning the affairs of Clan Chattan. Edinburgh: Scottish History Society.
  36. ↑ Macpherson, A. G. (1982). The seanchaidhean, Historians of the Macphersons (Part 2). Journal of the Clan Chattan Association, 7(6), 356-359
  37. ↑ MacFarlane Genealogical, 252; Gordon, A Genealogical History, pg 217, National Library of Scotland
  38. ↑ RPC, Vol 1 VI 500-1
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  44. ↑ Koufopoulos, A. J, The cattle trades of Scotland, 1603-1745, University of Edinburgh, 2004
  45. ↑ http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/BTL26
  46. ↑ Shaw, Lachlan (1827), The History of the Province of Moray (New ed.), Elgin: J Grant
  47. ↑ Charles Fraser-Mackintosh, Dunachton, Past and Present, History of the Mackintoshes, Printed at the Advertiser Office, 1866
  48. ↑ Cathcart A (2002) Crisis of Identity: Clan Chattan’s response to government policy in the Scottish Highlands, c. 1580-1609’. In: Fighting for Identity: Scottish Military Experience, 1550-1990. History of Warfare, HW 15. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, pp. 163-84.
  49. ↑ Macpherson, A. (1902). The loyal dissuasive and other papers concerning the affairs of Clan Chattan. Edinburgh: Scottish History Society.
  50. ↑ https://digital.nls.uk/histories-of-scottish-families/archive/95634338?mode=transcription
  51. ↑ Film clips of highlights during the gathering for the 2009 signing of a new Clan Chattan Band of Union
  52. ↑ 'Clan Band of Union was of national importance Archived 21 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine ' - Inverness Courier, 28 July 2009
  53. ↑ https://www.electricscotland.com/history/nation/rose.htm
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  55. ↑ NRS:GDI176/151
  56. ↑ https://academia-lab.com/enciclopedia/clan-farquharson/
  57. ↑ MacDonald, Fiona Anne (1994) Ireland and Scotland: historical perspectives on the Gaelic dimension 1560-1760. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow
  58. ↑ The Scottish Clans And Their Tartans: With Note
  59. 1 2 3 "History Of The Clan Chattan Association". Clan Chattan Association. Archived from the original on 1 November 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  60. ↑ Home webpage of the Clan Chattan Association (as of 30 May 2022)
  61. ↑ Electric Scotland
  62. ↑ https://www.cosca.scot/news/clan-phail-to-commence-selection-of-clan-commander%2C-as-advised-by-the-lord-lyon-king-of-arms [ bare URL ]
  63. ↑ "Our Motto and Badge". The Clan Chattan Association. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  64. ↑ Matriculation and Confirmation of Arms and Chiefship to Duncan Alexander Mackintosh of Clan Chattan as 31st Hereditary Chief of Clan Chattan, 9th April 1947, Lyon Register, xxxvi. 36. See 1950 Scots Law Times, p.5; Lyon Court Reports.
  65. ↑ "Chattan Tartans". scotclans.com. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
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