| Clan Ruthven | |||
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| Motto | Deid schaw [1] | ||
| Chief | |||
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| Brer Ruthven | |||
| The 3rd Earl of Gowrie | |||
| Historic seat | Huntingtower Castle | ||
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The Clan Ruthven ( /ˈrɪvən/ ) is a Lowland Scottish clan. [2]
| Clan Ruthven | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| | |||
| Motto | Deid schaw [1] | ||
| Chief | |||
| | |||
| Brer Ruthven | |||
| The 3rd Earl of Gowrie | |||
| Historic seat | Huntingtower Castle | ||
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The Clan Ruthven ( /ˈrɪvən/ ) is a Lowland Scottish clan. [2]
The Ruthven lands in Perthshire, Scotland take their name from the Scottish Gaelic, Ruadhainn which means Dun uplands. [2] The clan chief's family are of Norse origin. [2] They first settled in East Lothian but by the end of the twelfth century they were in Perthshire. [2]
Between 1188 and 1199, Swein is recorded as giving lands that included Tibbermore to the Monks of Scone. [2] Swein's grandson was Sir Walter Ruthven who was the first to adopt the name Ruthven. [2]
Sir Walter Ruthven swore fealty to Edward I of England in 1291 and 1296. [2] However, in 1297, he had led thirty men to help William Wallace at the siege of Perth. [2] Ruthven was also with Christopher Seaton when Jedburgh was reclaimed from the English. [2] In 1313, Perth was recaptured and Robert the Bruce appointed Sir William Ruthven to be sheriff of the royal burgh, which was then called St Johnston. [2]
A descendant of Sir William Ruthven, Sir William Ruthven of Balkernoch, spent three years as a hostage in England for the ransom of James I of Scotland. [2] This William Ruthven was a substantial nobleman. [2] His income was stated to be about four hundred merks annually, which was about £100 at the time. [2] In 1488, his great-grandson was created a Lord of Parliament with the title Lord Ruthven, by James III of Scotland. [2] He married twice and his sons by his first wife were granted a letter of legitimization in 1480. [2] The eldest of the sons was William, Master of Ruthven, who was killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. [2]
The Charterises of Kinfauns are said to have received their lands as a reward for supporting Robert the Bruce against the English. [3] However they came into a feud with the Ruthvens who often disputed the authority of the Charterises. [3] The Ruthvens held considerable sway over Perth from their Huntingtower Castle. [3] In 1544, Patrick, Lord Ruthven, was elected as Provost of Perth but at the intervention of Cardinal Beaton, Ruthven was deprived of the office and Charteris of Kinfauns was appointed instead. [3] The city refused to acknowledge Charteris and barred the gates against him. [3] Charteris along with Lord Gray and the Clan Leslie then attacked the town. However, they were repulsed by the Ruthvens, who were assisted by the Clan Moncreiffe. [3] As a result, Ruthven remained Provost of Perth until 1584, when William Ruthven, Earl of Gowrie was executed. [3] John Charteris had been killed by the earl's heir on Edinburgh High Street in 1552. [3]
In 1556, Patrick Ruthven, 3rd Lord Ruthven, and his son, William, were among the co-conspirators of Lord Darnley when Mary, Queen of Scot's favorite David Rizzio was killed in her presence at Holyrood Palace. [2] Both Ruthvens fled to England when abandoned by Darnley. [2] William returned and succeeded to the family title having received a royal pardon. [2] He was among the people who conducted the queen to Loch Leven Castle, where she was forced to abdicate. [2] Ruthven was also the Treasurer of Scotland during the king's minority and in 1581 was created William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie. [2]
In 1582, Ruthven, now the Earl of Gowrie, abducted James VI of Scotland in order to remove him from the influence of the Earl of Lennox and Earl of Arran. [2] This became known as the "Ruthven Raid" or Raid of Ruthven. [2] The king was detained for ten months and, when he was finally released, he appeared forgiving but Gowrie was later arrested in 1584 and beheaded for treason. [2]
In 1586, the Ruthven estates were restored to William's son, James Ruthven, 2nd Earl of Gowrie. [2] However, James Ruthven died just two years later aged thirteen and was succeeded by his brother, John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie. [2] It is alleged that John practiced Black magic. [2] In 1600, he and his brother Alexander were murdered in their town house in Perth. [2] This became known as the "Gowrie Conspiracy". [2] The Ruthven brothers were declared by Parliament to be traitors although there is little evidence, if anything, of what they were planning. [2] The Ruthven name was decreed out of existence in Scotland, with all members of the family required to choose new surnames. [2]
In 1651, Sir Thomas Ruthven, who descended from the second Lord Ruthven, partly restored the family's reputation when he was raised in the peerage as Lord Ruthven of Freeland. [2]
Patrick Ruthven, 1st Earl of Brentford (c. 1573–1651), was a collateral descendant of Sir William Ruthven, 1st Lord Ruthven. He fought and negotiated on behalf of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, King of Sweden, during the Thirty Years' War. In Germany, he fought alongside his nephews, Colonel Frances Ruthven and Major General John Ruthven. [4]
Patrick Ruthven, 1st Earl of Brentford also fought on behalf of King Charles I during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, bringing both Colonel Frances Ruthven and Major General John Ruthven into service with him. [5] Sir Thomas Ruthven, 1st Lord Ruthven of Freeland (d. 1673), on whom Charles II of England bestowed the title of Lord Ruthven of Freeland in 1651. [6] His son was David Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven of Freeland.
Clan Chief: (Patrick Leo) Brer Hore-Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, Viscount Ruthven of Canberra, and Baron Ruthven of Gowrie, and Baron Gowrie of Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia, Chief of the Name and Arms of Ruthen, in succession to Grey Hore-Ruthven, who died 24 September 2021. [7] [8]
Lord Ruthven of Freeland is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1651 for Thomas Ruthven. He was the grandson of Alexander Ruthven, younger son of William Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven. The letters patent creating the peerage is said to have been burnt with the House of Freeland in 1750, and the remainder to the peerage is not accurately known. However, as the dignity was retained on the Union Roll, it has been presumed that the honour was to heirs-general. Lord Ruthven of Freeland was succeeded by his son, the second Lord. He never married and on his death in 1722 the title and estates devolved by entail upon his youngest sister, Jean. On her death the estates passed to her nephew Sir William Cunningham, 3rd Baronet, of Cunninghamhead. He was the only son of Anne, elder sister of the third Lady Ruthven and also heir of line. He assumed the surname of Ruthven upon the death of his aunt, but lived only six months after his accession to the estates and never assumed the title.
Earl of Gowrie is a title that has been created twice, once in the Peerage of Scotland and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, both times for members of the Ruthven family. It takes its name from Gowrie, a historical region and ancient province of Scotland. On 23 August 1581, William Ruthven, 4th Lord Ruthven, was created Earl of Gowrie by James VI, King of the Scots. He was executed for high treason, attainted and his peerages forfeited on 28 May 1584. Two years later in 1586, the attainder was reversed and his son, the second Earl, was restored as Earl of Gowrie and Lord Ruthven, but both peerages were forfeited after the alleged plot and subsequent death of the second Earl's younger brother, the third Earl, in 1600.
Earl of Brentford was a title that was created twice in Peerage of England. It was first created in 1644 when the Scottish soldier and diplomat Patrick Ruthven, 1st Earl of Forth, was made Earl of Brentford, in the County of Middlesex. He had already been created Lord Ruthven of Ettrick in 1639 and Earl of Forth in 1642, both in the Peerage of Scotland. He had no surviving male issue and the titles became extinct on his death in 1651. Lord Brentford was a great-grandson of William Ruthven, 1st Lord Ruthven. His brother William Ruthven was the grandfather of Francis Ruthven, who was created a Baronet, of Redcastle, in 1666. The latter married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Ruthven, 1st Lord Ruthven of Freeland, great-grandson of William Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven. Their daughter, Isabel, succeeded as 5th Lady Ruthven of Freeland in 1722.
John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, was a Scottish nobleman who died in mysterious circumstances, referred to as the "Gowrie Conspiracy", in which he and/or his brother Alexander were attempting to kill or kidnap King James VI of Scotland for unknown purposes. The king's retinue killed both brothers during the attack, and the king survived.
Ruthven may refer to:
Huntingtower Castle, once known as Ruthven Castle or the Place of Ruthven, is located near the village of Huntingtower beside the A85 and near the A9, about 5 km NW of the centre of Perth, Perth and Kinross, in central Scotland, on the main road to Crieff.
Huntingtower and Ruthvenfield is a village in Perthshire, Scotland, on the River Almond, 3 miles northwest of Perth.
William Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven was a Scottish nobleman. He served as an Extraordinary Lord of Session and Keeper of the Privy Seal.
William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie, 4th Lord of Ruthven was a Scottish peer known for devising the Raid of Ruthven.
Scone Abbey was a house of Augustinian canons located in Scone, Perthshire (Gowrie), Scotland. Dates given for the establishment of Scone Priory have ranged from 1114 A.D. to 1122 A.D. However, historians have long believed that Scone was before that time the center of the early medieval Christian cult of the Culdees. Very little is known about the Culdees but it is thought that a cult may have been worshiping at Scone from as early as 700 A.D. Archaeological surveys taken in 2007 suggest that Scone was a site of real significance even prior to 841 A.D., when Kenneth MacAlpin brought the Stone of Destiny, Scotland's most prized relic and coronation stone, to Scone.
Clan Murray is a Highland Scottish clan. The chief of the Clan Murray holds the title of Duke of Atholl. Their ancestors were the Morays of Bothwell who established the family in Scotland in the 12th century. In the 16th century, descendants of the Morays of Bothwell, the Murrays of Tullibardine, secured the chiefship of the clan and were created Earls of Tullibardine in 1606. The first Earl of Tullibardine married the heiress to the Stewart earldom of Atholl and Atholl therefore became a Murray earldom in 1626. The Murray Earl of Atholl was created Marquess of Atholl in 1676 and in 1703 it became a dukedom. The marquess of Tullibardine title has continued as a subsidiary title, being bestowed on elder sons of the chief until they succeed him as Duke of Atholl.
Baron Ruthven of Gowrie, of Gowrie in the County of Perth, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, held by the Earl of Gowrie since 1956. It was created in 1919 for Walter Hore-Ruthven, 9th Lord Ruthven of Freeland, in the Peerage of Scotland. He was succeeded by his eldest son and namesake, Walter, the tenth Lord and second Baron. On the tenth Lord's death in 1956 the Scottish Lordship of Parliament and British barony separated. The Lordship, which could be passed on through female lines, devolved on his eldest daughter, Bridget, while the British barony, which could only be passed on through male lines, devolved on his great-nephew, Grey Ruthven, 2nd Earl of Gowrie. Lord Gowrie was the grandson of Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie, second son of the ninth Lord Ruthven of Freeland. See Lord Ruthven of Freeland and Earl of Gowrie for further history of the titles.
Lord Ruthven may refer to:
Clan Charteris is a Scottish clan of the Scottish Lowlands.
Clan Moncreiffe is a Highland Scottish clan.
Bridget Helen "Biddy" Monckton, 11th Lady Ruthven of Freeland, Dowager Viscountess Monckton of Brenchley, CBE was a British peeress and Conservative member of the House of Lords best remembered as the wartime commander of women's services in India.
Kinfauns Castle is a 19th-century castle in the Scottish village of Kinfauns, Perth and Kinross. It is in the Castellated Gothic style, with a slight asymmetry typical of Scottish Georgian. It stands on a raised terrace facing south over the River Tay. The house is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.
Major General Walter Patrick Hore-Ruthven, 10th Lord Ruthven of Freeland, 2nd Baron Ruthven of Gowrie,, known as Master of Ruthven from 1870 to 1921, was a senior British Army officer. He served as Major-General commanding the Brigade of Guards and General Officer Commanding London District from 1924 to 1928, and was then Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey until 1934.
Dorothea Stewart, Countess of Gowrie was a Scottish aristocrat. The dates of the birth and death of Dorothea Stewart are unknown.
