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A baritone is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the bass and the tenor voice-types. The term originates from the Greek βαρύτονος (barýtonos), meaning "heavy sounding". Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second F below middle C to the F above middle C (i.e. F2–F4) in choral music, and from the second A below middle C to the A above middle C (A2 to A4) in operatic music, but the range can extend at either end. Subtypes of baritone include the baryton-Martin baritone (light baritone), lyric baritone, Kavalierbariton, Verdi baritone, dramatic baritone, baryton-noble baritone, and the bass-baritone.
Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau was a German lyric baritone and conductor of classical music, one of the most famous Lieder performers of the post-war period, best known as a singer of Franz Schubert's Lieder, particularly "Winterreise" of which his recordings with accompanists Gerald Moore and Jörg Demus are still critically acclaimed half a century after their release.
Sir Bryn Terfel Jones, is a Welsh bass-baritone opera and concert singer. Terfel was initially associated with the roles of Mozart, particularly Figaro, Leporello and Don Giovanni, but has subsequently shifted his attention to heavier roles, especially those by Puccini and Wagner.
Hans Hotter was a German operatic bass-baritone. He stood 6 ft 4 in and his appearance was striking. His voice and diction were equally recognisable.
George London was an American concert and operatic bass-baritone.
Theo Adam was a German operatic bass-baritone and bass singer who had an international career in opera, concert and recital from 1949. He was a member of the Staatsoper Dresden for his entire career, and sang at the Bayreuth Festival from 1952 to 1980. He particularly excelled in portraying roles by Richard Wagner, especially Wotan in Der Ring des Nibelungen, which he also performed at the Metropolitan Opera, among others. In concert, he was a much admired Bach singer and also drew acclaim for his interpretation of the title character of Mendelssohn's Elijah. He was a voice teacher at the Musikhochschule Dresden.
Sir Thomas Boaz Allen is an English operatic baritone. He is widely admired in the opera world for his voice, the versatility of his repertoire, and his acting—leading many to regard him as one of the best lyric baritones of the late 20th century. In October 2011, he was appointed Chancellor of Durham University, succeeding Bill Bryson.
Norman Stanley Bailey was a British operatic bass-baritone who appeared in leading roles in major opera venues. After an early career in Austria and Germany, he settled in England and was associated with the English National Opera. One of his signature roles was Hans Sachs in Wagner's Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, which he performed at La Scala in Milan in 1968, at the Bayreuth Festival the following year, and also for his debut role at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City in 1976.
Thomas Stewart was an American bass-baritone who sang an unusually wide range of roles, earning global acclaim particularly for his performances in Wagner's operas.
Herbert Janssen was a leading German operatic baritone of the 20th century who had a career in Europe and the United States.
Karl Ridderbusch was a German operatic bass, associated in particular with the music of Wagner. He was recognised as a notable exponent of the role of Hans Sachs.
Gerald Hunter Finley, is a Canadian baritone opera singer.
Clarence Eugene Whitehill was a leading American bass-baritone. He sang at the Metropolitan Opera from 1915 to 1932. He sang on both sides of the Atlantic and is best remembered for his association with the music dramas of Richard Wagner, and for his recordings of well-known music hall ballads such as "I'll take you home again, Kathleen".
August Kindermann was a German bass-baritone singer and regisseur, particularly noted for his performances in the operas of Richard Wagner.
Franz Betz was a German bass-baritone opera singer who sang at the Berlin State Opera from 1859 to 1897. He was particularly known for his performances in operas by Richard Wagner and created the role of Hans Sachs in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg.
Helge Nissen was a Danish operatic bass-baritone, conductor, voice teacher, and film actor who was associated with the Royal Danish Theatre from 1897 until his death in 1926. He notably created roles in the world premieres of two operas by composer Carl Nielsen: Abner in Saul og David (1902) and Henrik in Maskarade (1906). His voice is preserved on a total of 70 recordings made with the Pathé, HMV and Deutsche Grammophon record companies from 1908 to 1914.
Victor von Halem is a German operatic bass. He was a member of the Deutsche Oper Berlin for nearly 30 years as well as a guest singer in the major opera houses and festivals of Europe and North America. He sang a wide repertoire encompassing over 100 roles.
Heinz Imdahl was a German operatic baritone. A member of the Bavarian State Opera, he performed many leading roles at the Vienna State Opera, and appeared as Beethoven's Pizarro at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma and Wagner's Hans Sachs at the Philadelphia Opera.
Johann Baptist Hoffmann was a German operatic baritone and voice teacher. A long-term member of the Berlin Court Opera, he performed leading roles in Europe, such as Verdi's Rigoletto and Wagner's Dutchman in Der fliegende Holländer. He took part in several world premieres in Berlin.
Theodor Bertram was a German bass-baritone prominent in the operas of Richard Wagner. A regular performer at the Bayreuth Festival from 1901 to 1906, he was greatly admired for his portrayals of Wagnerian heroes and particularly Wotan. Bertram was born in Stuttgart and died by suicide in Bayreuth following the death of his second wife, Lotte Wetterling. His first wife was the soprano Fanny Moran-Olden who was also a prominent Wagnerian singer.
References
- ↑ University of Durham Congregation, 30 June 1993, 9:10am, p. 2
- ↑ Opera (July 1997) ("Opera Newsdesk", p. 24. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ↑ Opera News (July 2006) "Soprano Miriam Murphy and Baritone James Rutherford Win First International Wagner Competition". Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ↑ Schiff, David (27 August 2006). "Leitmotif for Would-Be Wagnerian Singers: A Waiting Game ". New York Times . Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ↑ Jeal, Erica (3 September 1999). "Revival of the fittest ". The Guardian . Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- 1 2 Fairman, Richard (September 2014). "Review: Wagner Arias and Excerpts". Gramophone , Vol. 92, No. 1113. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ↑ Paget, Clive (11 March 2013). "British baritone wades into dark territory for his debut". Limelight . Retrieved 4 March 2015.
